人教版八年級英語上冊語法點總結(jié)最全面

1、八年級上冊語法點總結(jié)Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Grammar: 特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom 等.特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及用法：1.結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句,即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他)疑問代詞：1) Who:誰.做主語,用來指人2) Whom誰,做賓語,用來指人Who is the boy under the tree?Whom are you writing to?3) Whose誰的,用來指所屬關(guān)系,如果

2、做定語,一般后接名詞 Whose pen is this?4) Which哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進行選擇Which grils will in thesports meeting? Which pen is Lily 's?5)What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下What can you see inthe picture? What are you doing now?疑問副詞：1) When:何時,詢問時間When will she come back?2) Where 何地,詢問地點,Where do you come from?3)

3、Why為什么,詢問原因,Why are you late for school?4) How如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school?5) Howold 多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jim 's little brother?6) Howmany/much 多少,詢問數(shù)量 How many birds arethere in the tree?7) How far 多遠(yuǎn),詢問距離,How far is it form your home to school?8) How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度或距離How

4、long will you stay in Beijing?9) How often 多長時間按一次,詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?10) How soon 多久,詢問時間 How soon will you come back?頻率副詞：表示動作發(fā)生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 What 's the matter with you?Grammar:1 .用have來描述身體不適have/have got a +疾病名字；得了 病2 .情態(tài)動

5、詞should,情態(tài)動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后接動詞原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Grammar:現(xiàn)在進行時表將來一般將來時表示將要做某事或方案打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化.Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現(xiàn)在進行時的形式,但用于表示將來.用進行時表 將來,常用于表示即將來臨的未來預(yù)定要做的事情,一般指個人方案要做的事.用于此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞,如, go, come, leave, start, arrive

6、, move等.一.肯定句中,結(jié)構(gòu)為"be+doing.I am going shopping this afternoon.2. 否認(rèn)句是在 be之后力口 not. I'm not going to shopping this afternoon.3. 一般疑問句是將 be 置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon? Yes, I am/ we are. No, I'm not./ We aren't.When is he going camping?四.特殊疑問句“疑問詞 +一般疑問句語序.What are yo

7、u doing for vacation?Who are you going there with?Where is she going?Unit 4 How do you get to school?Grammar: How 弓I導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句： 是指以 How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句.How does he get to shool?He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 mi

8、nutes to walk.How far is it from your home to school? It 's four miles from my home to school.How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑問句的簡略結(jié)構(gòu)：how about ?+名詞或動詞-ing形式,用于提出建議、請求或征求意見、詢問消息

9、等.如： How about playing tennis?Unit 5 Can you come to my party?Grammar:情態(tài)動詞can及邀請句式及其問答一.情態(tài)動詞can的用法：Can是最長用的情態(tài)動詞,其后跟動詞原形,can的否認(rèn)形式為cannot, can't.1. can 表 “水平", 意思是： 能,會 I can paly basketball,but I can 't swim.2. can表示水平時可和 be able to互換,be able to有更多的時態(tài),常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念.E.g. They w

10、ill be able to run this machine on their own in threemonths.3. 表示“可能性",意思是：可以,可能. That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.4. 表示允許,意思是可以能夠You can have the book when I have finished it.5. 表示“驚訝、不相信等用于疑問句、否認(rèn)句或感慨句中.意思是“會、可能.This can't be true. Can it be true?二.如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請1 .表達(dá)邀請的常用句型：Can you

11、come to Could you come to ? Would you like to come to ? Do you want to come to ?2 .接受邀請的常用句型：Sure. Certainly. OK. I 'd love to.3 .謝絕邀請的常用句型：I'm sorry, I can't. I have to I'm afraid I can't. I have to I don't think I can. I have to Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.G

12、rammar:形容詞的比較級1 .規(guī)那么變化、不規(guī)那么變化課本P932 .than是比較級中最常見的標(biāo)志詞,意思是“比".用于引出比較的對象.1.He draws betterthan me.2.You're older than I am. You are older than me.三.形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾. Much和far表示"得多",much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點.a littleshorter,

13、稍微矮點；even表示“甚至,更力口,還要"even bigger還要大些,three times表示 "三倍",如 three times bigger than 比大三倍Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite修飾原級Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?Grammar:可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞一.可數(shù)名詞英語中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞.可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量可數(shù).其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加 a或an,表示一個,如a pear,其負(fù)數(shù)形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es 特殊情況 除夕卜,

14、如 two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags 二.不可數(shù)名詞1.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù).不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a或an,表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時可在不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量詞構(gòu)成的短語.如a bagof2.常見的量詞短語有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of 3 .不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量：much much rain a little little4 .既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：

15、Lots of= a lot of許多,大量 some 一些用于肯定句any一些用于否認(rèn)句和一般疑問句Unit 8 How was your school trip?Grammar:一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用.如：yesterday, last yearweek,month,two years ago, in2006 等.有時也可用 when,after,before, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句.該時態(tài)在句中的表達(dá)是謂語動詞用過去 式.謂語 be動詞 was/were否認(rèn)： wasn't /weren't一

16、.Be動詞句型一般疑問句：was/were +主語特殊疑問句：疑問詞 +was/were+主語陳述句：主語 +was/were+肯定句否認(rèn)句：主語 +wasn't/weren't+二.行為動詞句型當(dāng)句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要借助動詞did構(gòu)成一般疑問句和否認(rèn)句肯定式：主語+動詞過去式否認(rèn)式：主語+didn't+動詞原形一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形Unit 9 When was he born?Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時一樣,不同之處在于須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態(tài),即“特

17、殊疑問詞+were或was第三人稱單數(shù)+主語+表語+其他成分或“特 殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分.一、以when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進行提問,句型是：When was/were born? was/were born in + 時間When was David beckham born? 大衛(wèi),貝克漢姆是什么時候出生的He was born in 1975.二.以how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問.句型是：How long did + 主語 + 動詞How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hic

18、cupped for 69 years and 5 months.三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什么時候開始打嗝When +did+主語+動詞Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.Grammar: 一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用.1. be going to + 動詞原形What are you going to do next Sunday?2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown

19、 next week.3. be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4. be + 動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o'clock.5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?Grammar:情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞,表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態(tài)度,包括可能、疑心、允許、愿望、必要、猜測等.Can(能、會),may(可以)

20、,must(必須、一定)等.情態(tài)動詞的特點：(1)情態(tài)動詞有一定詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須和另一個動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語,且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化.1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. Wemay go home now.(2)變否認(rèn)句時,直接在情態(tài)動詞后面加not,無需加助動詞.He can't play the guitar well.He can't answer the question. You mustn't be late.含有情態(tài)動詞的句子變一般疑問句時,須將情態(tài)動詞提前.Can you help me? Must I gothere at once?(4)can可表示水平、允許、可能性、疑心猜測,意為“能,會,可以. " can't,意為“不能, 不會,不可以.",還有"不可能"之意.-Can you drive? Sorry, I can't.It can't be true.(5)can也可表示請求與邀請Can you please s