主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

1、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法1.根本方法將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),將主動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)謂語(yǔ)be+過(guò)去分詞,將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閎y短語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)句中用作狀語(yǔ):He stole our money.fOur money was stolen by him.【注】1假設(shè)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的by短語(yǔ)通?？梢允÷裕篢he house was built in 1978.這座房子是 1978 年建的.2在轉(zhuǎn)變語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),要注意保持兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)的一致性：The students will study the problem.f The problem will be studied by the s

2、tudents.A friend of ours is repairing the roof.f The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours.2.雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)雙賓動(dòng)詞即指帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,它們?cè)谧優(yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),有以下兩種情形值得注意：1有些雙賓動(dòng)詞如 award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell 等在 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),既可把間接賓語(yǔ)指人變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),而把直接賓語(yǔ)指事物保存下來(lái)稱為保存賓語(yǔ),也可把直接賓語(yǔ)指事物變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),而把間接賓語(yǔ)改為介 詞to或fo

3、r引起的狀語(yǔ)到底用to還是for,與所搭配的動(dòng)詞有關(guān).比較：He gave her some money.他給她一些錢(qián).fShe was given some money. / Some money was given to him.He bought her a watch.他給她買(mǎi)了一快表.fA watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.2有些雙賓動(dòng)詞如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等通常用直接賓語(yǔ) 指事物作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),而將間接賓語(yǔ)用作保存賓語(yǔ)其前根據(jù)情況用介詞to

4、或for：Father made me a doll. f A doll was made for me.He wrote her a letter. 一 A letter was written to her.3有些雙賓動(dòng)詞如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等通常用間接賓語(yǔ)指人 作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),而將直接賓語(yǔ)用作保存賓語(yǔ)：He answered me that question. f I was answered that question by him.3.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式假設(shè)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中謂語(yǔ)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,在相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中通常應(yīng)保存該情態(tài)

5、動(dòng)詞,其結(jié)構(gòu)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be(或be的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)形式)+過(guò)去分詞：Everyone must know this. This must be known by everyone.請(qǐng)看以下帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)句實(shí)例：This can be done in a short time.這不是短期內(nèi)可以完成的.She may have been sent to work elsewhere.她可能被派到別處工作去了.The door must have been locked by my wife. 門(mén)定是我妻子鎖的.The environment should be improved.環(huán)境應(yīng)當(dāng)改善.The

6、second point needn be discussed today.第二點(diǎn)今天不必討論.8種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.助動(dòng)詞 be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化.(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are +過(guò)去分詞.如：Rice is grown in south China.華南種植水稻.(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞.如：The glass was broken yesterday.這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的.(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are being +過(guò)去分詞.如：The project is being carried out.這個(gè)計(jì)戈U正

7、在執(zhí)行中.(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were/being +過(guò)去分詞.如：This road was being built this time last year.這條路去年這個(gè)時(shí)候還在修建.(5) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will be +過(guò)去分詞.如：The cars will be sent abroad by sea.這些汽車將由水路運(yùn)往國(guó)外.(6)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would be +過(guò)去分詞.如：The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.經(jīng)理說(shuō)這 個(gè)工程在年底前將會(huì)完成.(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/

8、has been +過(guò)去分詞.如：This novel has been translated into several languages.這本說(shuō)已被譯成了幾種語(yǔ)言.(8)過(guò)去完在時(shí)：had been +過(guò)去分詞.如：When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.我到達(dá)劇院 時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)票已賣(mài)完了.使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“六注意一要注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“ be+過(guò)去分詞,其中的助動(dòng)詞be根據(jù)情況可使用各種不同時(shí)態(tài).如：She is respected by everyone.她受到大家的尊重.一

9、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)The book will be reprinted soon.這本書(shū)很快會(huì)重印.一般將來(lái)時(shí)The road is being repaired.路正在彳整.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)They have been given a warning.他們受到警告.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)二要注意帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)該結(jié)構(gòu)的根本形式為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be或be的適當(dāng)形式+過(guò)去分詞這類結(jié)構(gòu)非常有可能作為語(yǔ)境題出現(xiàn)在考卷中.如：The rules must be obeyed.這些規(guī)章制度必須遵守.They shouldn have been told about it.這事是不應(yīng)當(dāng)告訴他們的.三要注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1 .

10、不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).由“ to be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.如：She asked to be given some work to do.她要求給她一些工作做.He was the last person to be asked to speak.他是最后被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言的人.2 .不定式完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).由to have been+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.如：I should like to have been told the result earlier.我本想讓人把結(jié)果早點(diǎn)告訴我的.3 .現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).由“ being+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.如：I saw him being taken away.

11、 我看見(jiàn)有人把他帶走了.Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe.有墻作保護(hù),他感到很平安.4 .現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).由 having been+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.如：Having been invited to speak, I start making preparations tomorrow. 由于邀請(qǐng)我去 講話,我明天就得做準(zhǔn)備.The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it.話題已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了,他不得 不談下去.5 .動(dòng)名詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).由 being+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.

12、如：She likes being looked at.她喜歡被人瞧.He hates being made a fool of.他討厭被別人愚弄.This question is far from being settled.這個(gè)問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)解決.6 .動(dòng)名詞完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).由 having been+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.如：Jenny not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret.杰妮沒(méi)受過(guò)舞蹈的專 業(yè)練習(xí)是她感到遺憾的事.After having been instructed to drive out of town, I bega

13、n to acquire confidence.在 接到把車開(kāi)出城的指令后,我開(kāi)始信心十足了.注：過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式,由于它本身可以表示被動(dòng)意義.如：The door remained locked.門(mén)仍然鎖著.四要注意“ get+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常由“助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,有時(shí)也可用“get+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.如：James got beaten last night.詹姆斯昨晚被打了.How did that window get opened?那個(gè)窗戶是如何翻開(kāi)的但總的說(shuō)來(lái),用get構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不如用be構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見(jiàn),尤其是在含有施動(dòng)者的by短語(yǔ)時(shí),用get構(gòu)

14、成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)更是少見(jiàn).不過(guò)有時(shí)用be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成誤解時(shí),人們可能會(huì)選get+過(guò)去分詞來(lái)預(yù)防這種誤解：The window was broken.窗戶破了表狀態(tài)./窗戶被打破了表動(dòng)作The window got broken.窗戶被打破了表動(dòng)作五要注意哪些動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1 .不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).由于不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),所以假設(shè)將其用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)那么 沒(méi)有主語(yǔ),故不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).但是值得注意的是,有些英語(yǔ)中的不及物動(dòng)詞,譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)卻可能是“及物的,很容易出錯(cuò),這類動(dòng)詞如：take place發(fā)生,happen發(fā)生,comeabout發(fā)生,break out爆發(fā),appear出現(xiàn)

15、,disappear消失,last持續(xù),arise出現(xiàn),發(fā) 生等：Influenza usually breaks out in winter.流感通常發(fā)生在冬季.Use this money when the need arises.有需要時(shí)就使用這筆錢(qián).2 .英語(yǔ)中的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：My shoes don fit me.我的鞋不適宜.The young man lacks experience.這個(gè)年輕人缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn).六要注意兩類被動(dòng)句型的相互轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)中有一種主動(dòng)句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成兩種被動(dòng)句型,它們通常是一些表示客觀說(shuō)明的句子.如：People believed that she is honest.大家相信她是老實(shí)的.It believed that she is honest.大家相信她是老實(shí)的.She is believed to be honest.大家相信她是老實(shí)的.比較上面兩類被動(dòng)句型可以發(fā)現(xiàn),一類是“it+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句,另一類那么是“主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+不定式其中的“主語(yǔ)為前一類句型中that從句中的主語(yǔ),通常可用于這兩類被動(dòng)句型的動(dòng)詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, p