虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (2)

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中If條件從句主句1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反假設(shè)a. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)b. be動(dòng)詞用werewould/could/should/might + v.2、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反假設(shè)had donewould/could/should/might + have done3、與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反假設(shè)a. 過(guò)去時(shí)b. were to + v.c. should +v.would/could/should/might + v.e.g.: 1、If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the o

2、pportunity to go aboard.2、If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.3、If you come tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.If he should not come tomorrow ,we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意以

3、下幾點(diǎn)：1、當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整e.g.:If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a collegestudent now.2、If省略句 在條件句中可省略if,把were、had、should提到句 首變?yōu)榈寡b句式 e.g.: If I were at school again, I would stud

4、y harder.Were I t school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.若省略的條件中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式 e.g.: (正確) Were

5、it not for the expense. (錯(cuò)誤)Werent it for the expense.3、用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句，常用的介詞有：with、without、but fore.g.: We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. =Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead o

6、f time. =If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.4、含蓄條件句 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句 e.g.:I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports me

7、et. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. A man who stopped drinking water would be dead inabout seven days. I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1、用于賓語(yǔ)從句中在下列動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣堅(jiān)持：insist命令：order、command建議：suggest、advise、prop

8、ose要求：demand、require、ask、desirewould rather后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 e.g.:I would rather they didnt hear of the news. Wed rather you didnt smoke in our home. Id rather you hadnt done that.wish后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去時(shí)(賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作與wish同時(shí))過(guò)去完成時(shí)(賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作先于wish )could/would/might + v. (賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作后于wish) e.g.:I wish (that) I were a bird and could fl

9、y freely in the sky. I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. How I wish it werent raining now.if only + 陳述句后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示現(xiàn)在的愿望，用過(guò)去時(shí) e.g.: If only I knew his name. If only our parents could live together with us.表示過(guò)去的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí) e.g.: If only we had listened to their advice.表示將來(lái)的愿望，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) e.g.: If

10、only it would stop raining.2、用于主語(yǔ)從句中It is necessary/important/strange/natural/suggested + that從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should + v. ,should可省略e.g.:It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.3、用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在suggestion、proposal、order、advice

11、、request、demand等名詞后接表語(yǔ)從句，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣e.g.:My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help them. My advice is that you (should) treat her well. My demand is that he (should) come to see me once a week三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用用于as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中如果as if 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，as if引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)；如果as if 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，as if引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)如果as if 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作后于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，as if引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)e.g.:He looks as if he were an artist. She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. He learns Englis