有關(guān)食品安全的翻譯

1、1. 食品安全與食品在消費(fèi)環(huán)節(jié)（由消費(fèi)者攝入）食源性危害的存在有關(guān)。 何階段均可能引入食品安全危害， 必需對(duì)整個(gè)食品鏈進(jìn)行充分的控制。 通過食品鏈中所有參與方的共同努力來保證。 為了確保食品鏈每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)所有相關(guān)的食品危害均得到識(shí)別和充分控制， 通必不可少。 因此， 組織與其在食品鏈中的上游和下游的組織之間均需要進(jìn)行溝通。 于已確定的危害和采取的控制措施， 應(yīng)與顧客和供方進(jìn)行溝通， 的要求 （如在可行性、需求和對(duì)終產(chǎn)品的影響方面）。由于食品鏈的任因此， 食品安全必須整個(gè)食品鏈進(jìn)行的溝尤其對(duì)這將有助于明確顧客和供方10Food safety is related to the presence of

2、 food-borne hazards in food at thepoint of consumption(intake by the consumer). As the introduction of food safety hazards can occur at any stage of the food chain, adequate control throughout the food chain is essential. Thus, food safety is ensured through the combined efforts of all the parties p

3、articipating in the food chain.Communication along the food chain is essential to ensure that all relevant food safety hazards are identified and adequately controlled at each step within the food chain. This implies communication between organizations both upstream and downstream in the food chain.

4、 Communication with customers and suppliers about identified hazards and control measures will assist in clarifying customer and supplier requirements (e.g. with regard to the feasibility and need for these requirements and their impact on the end product).2. 民以食為天。食品是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的最基本的物質(zhì)條件。我國(guó)目前的食品安全監(jiān)管較

5、發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家而言， 起步較緩、 問題較多， 造成我國(guó)食品安全問題屢 禁不絕的重要原因還是在于我國(guó)食品安全缺乏完整的保障體系。 我們認(rèn)為， 在今后較長(zhǎng)的一 段時(shí)間里，我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)把在整體上建立我國(guó)食品安全的保障體系作為食品安全工作重點(diǎn)和戰(zhàn)略 目標(biāo)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。一、基本建立和逐步完善我國(guó)食品安全法律體系 二、建立和完善統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)、權(quán)責(zé)明晰的食品安全監(jiān)管體系 三、建立較為完善的食品安全應(yīng)急處理體系 四、完善統(tǒng)一全面的食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)體系 五、建立和完善我國(guó)食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估評(píng)價(jià)體系 六、初步建立我國(guó)食品安全信用體系 七、提高安全意識(shí)Hunger breeds discontent. Food is a huma

6、n existence and development of the most basic material conditions.At present, Chinas food safety control, the more developed countries, starting a more moderate, more problems, resulting in Chinas food safety problems Lvjinbujue an important reason for Chinas food safety lies with the lack of a comp

7、lete security system. We believe that the next longer period of time, our country as a whole should be the establishment of Chinas food safety system to protect food safety as a priority and to achieve strategic objectives.First, the basic set up and gradually improve Chinas food safety lawSecond, t

8、he establishment and improvement of coordination, clear responsibilities of food safety monitoring systemThird, the establishment of a more comprehensive food safety system to deal with emergencyFourth, improve the comprehensive reunification of the food safety standards and inspection systemFifth,

9、the establishment and improvement of Chinas food safety risk assessment evaluation systemSixth, the initial establishment of Chinas food safety credit system3. Filler in Animal Feed Is Open Secret in China 在中國(guó)動(dòng)物食品中加添加劑已是公開的秘密By DAVID BARBOZA and ALEXEI BARRIONUEVO報(bào)道ZHANGQIU, China, April 28 As Ameri

10、can food safety regulators head to China to investigate how a chemical made from coal found its way into pet food that killed dogs and cats in the United States, workers in this heavily polluted northern city openly admit that the substance is routinely added to animal feed as a fake protein.4 月 28

11、日，章丘，中國(guó) 美國(guó)食品安全檢查官員前往中國(guó)，調(diào)查一種從煤炭中提取的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是怎么樣進(jìn)入到寵物飼料中的。這種寵物食品已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致美國(guó)的許多寵物貓狗死亡。For years, producers of animal feed all over China have secretly supplemented their feed with the substance, called melamine, a cheap additive that looks like protein in tests, even though it does not provide any nutritional b

12、enefits, according to melamine scrap traders and agricultural workers here.這個(gè)重度污染的北方城市的工人們公開承認(rèn)這種物質(zhì)是作為一種假冒蛋白質(zhì)例行加入到動(dòng) 物食品中。 幾年來， 全中國(guó)的動(dòng)物食品生產(chǎn)者一直秘密地把這種叫三聚氰胺的物質(zhì)添加到他 們生產(chǎn)的食品中。 這種物質(zhì)是很便宜的添加劑， 味道象蛋白質(zhì)， 按照三聚氰胺供貨商和這兒 的民工的說法，這種物質(zhì)不含任何營(yíng)養(yǎng)成份?！?Many companies buy melamine scrap to make animal feed, such as fish feed, ”

13、said Ji Denghui, general manager of the Fujian Sanming Dinghui Chemical Company, which sells melamine. “ I don t know if there s a regulation on it. Probably not. No law cttaegU規(guī)章） says don t do it, so everyone s doing it. The laws in China are like that, aren t they? If there s noaccident, there wo

14、nt be any regulation. ” “許多公司購(gòu)買三聚氰胺用來制造動(dòng)物食品，比如魚飼料” ，紀(jì)登輝，福建三明 Dinghui 化 學(xué)公司經(jīng)理 （該公司銷售三聚氰胺） 說：“我不知道是否有關(guān)于三聚氰胺的法規(guī)，可能沒有。 沒有法律或法規(guī)說不要這么做 ，因此每個(gè)人都這么干。法律在中國(guó)就是這樣，不是嗎？ 如果沒有意外，將不會(huì)有任何法規(guī)” 。Melamine is at the center of a recall of 60 million packages of pet food, after the chemical was found in wheat gluten (麥麩) lin

15、ked this month to the deaths of at least 16 pets in the United States.16 只寵物的死亡， 6 千萬包寵物食這種化學(xué)制品被發(fā)現(xiàn)在麥麩中，聯(lián)系到這個(gè)月美國(guó)至少 品被召回，三聚氰胺是主因。No one knows exactly how melamine (which is not believed to be particularly toxic) became so fatal in pet food, but its presence in any form of American food is illegal.沒人正確

16、地知道三聚氰胺（人們不認(rèn)為它是特殊有毒的物質(zhì)）在寵物食品中是怎樣致命的，但是，它在美國(guó)任何一種形式的食品中存在都是非法的。The link to China has set off concerns among critics of the Food and Drug Administration that ingredients in pet food as well as human food, which are increasingly coming from abroad, are not being adequately screened.美國(guó)食品和藥品治理局對(duì)關(guān)于中國(guó)的這起事件表

17、示擔(dān)憂， 批評(píng)家認(rèn)為人類食用的食品與寵物 食品的配方是一樣的， 而且目前正以增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)從國(guó)外進(jìn)口至美國(guó)， 但這些產(chǎn)品并沒有得到嚴(yán) 格的篩選和檢驗(yàn)?！?They have fewer people inspecting product at the ports than ever before,” says Caroline SmithDeWaal, the director of food safety for the Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington.be“ Until China gets programs in

18、place to verify the safety of their products, they need to inspected by U.S. inspectors. This open-door policy on food ingredients is an open invitation for an attack on the food supply, either intentional or unintentional.” 卡洛琳史密斯，食品安全中心主任 ,日前在華盛頓大眾營(yíng)養(yǎng)科學(xué)健康中心的會(huì)議上指出： 港口的檢驗(yàn)人員比以往的任何時(shí)候少了許多。 ”“當(dāng)中國(guó)按照程序把他們的

19、產(chǎn)品提交檢驗(yàn)， 要由美國(guó)的檢驗(yàn)人員驗(yàn)證食品的安全性。 對(duì)食品添加劑的這一開放政策是對(duì)食品供應(yīng)的一種 公然攻擊 ,不論是故意或非故意 .Now, with evidence mounting that the tainted wheat gluten came from China, American regulators have been granted permission to visit the region to conduct inspections of food treatment facilities.現(xiàn)在 ,有證據(jù)顯示 ,在抽檢的小麥谷朊粉來自中國(guó)，美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)獲準(zhǔn)前往

20、該地區(qū)進(jìn)行檢 查食品的處理設(shè)施。The Food and Drug Administration has already banned imports of wheat gluten from China after it received more than 14,000 reports of pets believed to have been sickened by packaged food. And last week, the agency opened a criminal investigation in the case and searched the offices of

21、 at least one pet food supplier.FDA 已禁止進(jìn)口來自中國(guó)的谷朊粉， FDA 已接獲超過 14,000 報(bào)告認(rèn)為 ,寵物的病因是由這種 包裝食品引起的。 上周， 該機(jī)構(gòu)開設(shè)了案件調(diào)查小組， 并搜查他的辦公室至少有一寵物食品 供應(yīng)。The Department of Agriculture has also stepped in. On Thursday, the agency ordered more than 6,000 hogs to be quarantined or slaughtered after some of the pet food ingre

22、dients laced with melamine were accidentally sent to hog （豬） farms in eight states, including California.農(nóng)業(yè)部也加強(qiáng)力度調(diào)查此事， 周二， 含有三聚氰胺的寵物飼料被誤送到包括美國(guó)加州在內(nèi)的8 個(gè)國(guó)家， .該機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)超過 6000 頭豬被隔離或宰殺。Scientists are now trying to determine whether melamine could be harmful to humans.科學(xué)家們正試圖證實(shí)三聚氰胺可能對(duì)人體健康有害The pet food case i

23、s also putting China s agricultural exports under greater scrutiny （徹查） because the country has had a terrible food safety record.寵物食品案件使得中國(guó)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口受到更嚴(yán)格的審議,因?yàn)樵搰?guó)曾有過可怕食品安全記錄In recent years, for instance, China fosod safety scandals have involved everything from fake baby milk formulas and soy sauce mad

24、e from human hair to instances where cuttlefish were soaked in calligraphy ink to improve their color and eels were fed contraceptive pills to make them grow long and slim.近年來，中國(guó)食品安全的丑聞不斷， 例如嬰兒奶粉摻假事件， 人的頭發(fā)制成醬油， 魷魚浸泡 在書法油墨 ,以改善其顏色，鰻魚用避孕藥喂養(yǎng)以刺激生長(zhǎng)等等。For its part, Chinese officials dispute any suggestion

25、 that melamine from the country could have killed pets. But regulators here on Friday banned the use of melamine in vegetable proteins made for export or for use in domestic food supplies.但監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)在周五禁止使用中國(guó)政府官員就來自中國(guó)的三聚氰胺可以殺死寵物提出異議，三聚氰胺的植物蛋白用于出口 ,或用于國(guó)內(nèi)糧食供應(yīng)。Yet what is clear from visiting this region of n

26、ortheast China is that for years melamine has been quietly mixed into Chinese animal feed and then sold to unsuspecting farmers as protein-rich pig, poultry （家禽） and fish feed.,然后出但有一點(diǎn)很清晰 ,從中國(guó)東北的調(diào)查看來 ,三聚氰胺多年來一直在被混在動(dòng)物飼料中 售給毫無戒心的農(nóng)民作為豬、家禽和魚的一種富含蛋白質(zhì)的飼料。Many animal feed operators here advertise on the In

27、ternet, seeking to purchase melamine scrap. The Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Company, one of the companies that American regulators named as having shipped melamine-tainted wheat gluten to the United States, had posted such a notice on the Internet last March.許多寵物飼料公司在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上發(fā)布廣告求購(gòu)三聚氰胺

28、廢料， 被美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)稱為具有生產(chǎn)含 有三聚氰胺谷朊粉的徐州安營(yíng)生物技術(shù)開發(fā)公司的公司就是其中之一。Here at the Shandong Mingshui Great Chemical Group factory, huge boiler vats are turning coal into melamine, which is then used to create plastics and fertilizer.山東明水大化集團(tuán)的工廠 ,龐大的鍋爐正把煤轉(zhuǎn)化成三聚青胺，,用來制造塑膠和化肥。But the leftover melamine scrap, golf ball-size

29、chunks of white rock, is sometimes being sold to local agricultural entrepreneurs ， who say they mix a powdered form of the scrap into animal feed to deceive those who raise animals into thinking they are buying feed that is high in protein.但是這些三聚氰胺的邊角料 ,一種像高爾夫球大小的大塊白色石頭,有時(shí)就賣給當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)家 ,據(jù)說他們就是把這些邊角料磨

30、成粉末，變成飼料給欺騙那些飼養(yǎng)戶，聲稱他們所買的 飼料是富含高蛋白的 .Just saves money if you add melamine scrap,” said the manager of an animal feed factory here.一個(gè)寵物飼料廠的經(jīng)理說，這只是為了節(jié)約成本。Last Friday here in Zhangqiu, a fast-growing industrial city southeast of Beijing, two animal feed producers explained in great detail how they purch

31、ase low-grade wheat, corn, soybean or other proteins and then mix in small portions of nitrogen-rich melamine scrap, whose chemical properties help the feed register an inflated protein level.上周五， 在章丘， 中國(guó)北京東南方向的一個(gè)快速增長(zhǎng)的工業(yè)城市， 兩個(gè)動(dòng)物飼料生產(chǎn)者詳細(xì) 地解釋了他們?nèi)绾钨?gòu)買劣質(zhì)小麥， 玉米大豆或其他蛋白質(zhì)， 然后拌少量的富含三聚氰胺廢料 的化學(xué)物質(zhì) ,幫助飼料膨脹。Melamin

32、e is the new scam of choice, they say, because urea another nitrogen-rich chemical is illegal for use in pig and poultry feed and can be easily detected in China as well as in the United States.三聚氰胺是新的騙局，他們說，由于含有尿素氮的化學(xué)品是禁止在豬和家禽飼料中使用的， 無論在中國(guó)或者是美國(guó)，都很輕易被檢測(cè)出來?！癙eople use melamine scrap to boost nitrogen

33、 levels for the tests, s”aid the manager of the animal feed factory.“If you add it in small quantities, it wont hurt the animals.飼料廠的經(jīng)理稱：人們用廢棄的三聚氰胺來增加氮含量進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)，如果只是添加少量的 它不會(huì)傷害到動(dòng)物。The manager, who works at a small animal feed operation here that consists of a handful of storage and mixing areas, said

34、he has mixed melamine scrap into animal feed for years.這家生產(chǎn)小動(dòng)物飼料的工廠經(jīng)理說， 多年來，他都有把一小部分的三聚氰胺廢料添加到在飼 料中。He said he was not currently using melamine. But he then pulled out a plastic bag containing what he said was melamine powder and said he could dye it any color to match the right feed stock 。他說,他目前也沒

35、有用到三聚氰胺 . 但隨后他拿出一張一個(gè)塑料袋子， 里面裝的據(jù)說就是三聚 氰胺粉 ,并說這種物質(zhì)可以作為染料使得產(chǎn)品的顏色與飼料的原料一樣。He said that melamine used in pet food would probably not be harmful. chickens, ” he said casually, explaining that they can afford to eat less protein. grow fast. ”Pets are not like pigs or“They d他說三聚氰胺用于寵物食品可能不會(huì)有多大害處。量少吃蛋白質(zhì)。他們并不

36、需要快速生長(zhǎng)。貓不象豬或雞 ,他無意間說道，貓可以盡The resulting melamine-tainted feed would be weak in protein, he acknowledged, which means the feed is less nutritious.被三聚氰胺污染飼料就會(huì)削弱蛋白質(zhì)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，他承認(rèn)，這意味著飼料的營(yíng)養(yǎng)更少。But, by using the melamine additive, the feed seller makes a heftier profit because melamine scrap is much cheaper th

37、an soy, wheat or corn protein.但是,用三聚氰胺添加劑飼料，賣方牟取高額利潤(rùn)，因?yàn)槿矍璋窂U料要比大豆 的蛋白質(zhì)要便宜許多。,小麥或玉米“It s true you can make a lot more profit by putting melamine in,” said another animal feed sellerhere in Zhangqiu.“ Melamine will cyosut about $1.20 for each protein count per ton whereasreal protein costs you about $

38、6, so you can see the difference.”“三聚氰胺這東西真的可以為你賺更多的利潤(rùn)” ，章丘另一個(gè)飼料生產(chǎn)商說： “每一種動(dòng)物的 飼料中，一噸谷朊粉中用三聚氰胺廢料這種添加劑的成本約 1.20 美元，而用真實(shí)的蛋白質(zhì)， 成本是 6 美元。所以你可以看到差別。 ”Feed producers who use melamine here say the tainted feed is often shipped to feed mills in the Yangtze River Delta, near Shanghai, or down to Guangdong Pro

39、vince, near Hong Kong. They also said they knew that some melamine-laced feed had been exported to other parts of Asia, including South Korea, North Korea, Indonesia and Thailand.飼料生產(chǎn)商往往將這種混有三聚氰胺的不干不凈飼料運(yùn)往長(zhǎng)江三角洲,靠近上海 ,或到廣東省、香港四周。他們說，他們知道有些含有三聚氰胺的飼料已出口到亞洲其它地區(qū),包括南韓,北韓 ,印尼和泰國(guó) .Evidence is mounting that C

40、hinese protein exports have been tainted with melamine and that its use in agricultural regions like this one is widespread. But the government has issued no recall of any food or feed product here in China.調(diào)查證據(jù)顯示 ,中國(guó)出口蛋白質(zhì)含有三聚氰胺 ,在農(nóng)業(yè)為主的地區(qū)， 這種現(xiàn)象很普遍， 但政府 并沒有對(duì)任何食品或飼料生產(chǎn)廠家發(fā)出召回命令。Indeed, few people outsid

41、e the agriculture business know about the use of melamine scrap. The Chinese news media which is strictly censored has not reported much about the country ties to the pet food recall in the United States. And few in agriculture here do not see any harm in using melamine in small doses; they simply s

42、ee it as cheating a little on protein, not harming animals or pets.事實(shí)上 ,從事農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)以外的人很少了解到可以在飼料中使用三聚氰胺廢料。 中國(guó)新聞媒體， 這是被政府嚴(yán)格控制的輿論， 卻并未報(bào)到多少關(guān)系到他們國(guó)家的寵物食品在美國(guó)被召回。 在 這里小劑量的使用三聚氰胺， 也看不出有任何危害； 他們只把它看作摻雜少許的添加劑以替 代蛋白質(zhì)，而不是傷害動(dòng)物或?qū)櫸?。As for the sale of melamine scrap, it is increasingly popular as a fake ingredient in f

43、eed, traders and workers here say.當(dāng)?shù)氐纳倘撕凸と寺暦Q，三聚氰胺廢料作為飼料添加劑銷售，卻日益受到歡迎。At the Hebei Haixing Insect Net Factory in nearby Hebei Province, which makes animal feed, a manager named Guo Qingyin said:“ In the past melamine scrap was free, but the price has beengoing up in the past few years. Consumption of

44、 melamine scrap is probably bigger than that of urea in the animal feed industry now.”在四周的河北省河北海星動(dòng)物飼料廠，郭慶元經(jīng)理說:在過去三聚氰胺廢料是免費(fèi)的，但現(xiàn)在價(jià)格一直在往上走，現(xiàn)在，三聚氰胺廢料可能大大超過用尿素作為飼料添加劑。And so melamine producers like the ones here in Zhangqiu are busy.所以章丘這里生產(chǎn)三聚氰胺廢料的廠家都很忙。A man named Jing, who works in the sales department

45、 at the Shandong Mingshui Great Chemical Group factory here, said on Friday that prices have been rising, but he said that he had no idea how the company s melamine scrap is used.一個(gè)在山東明水大化集團(tuán)銷售部門名叫 JING 的人說，周五以來三聚氰胺價(jià)格一直在上升， 但他說他已經(jīng)不知道公司是否還在使用三聚氰胺廢料?！?We have an auct ion(扌白賣)for melami ne sera p every

46、three mon ths, ” he said. “I have nheard of it being added to animal feed. Its not for animal feed.”我們每三個(gè)月就扌賣一次三聚氰胺廢棄物他說。 是作動(dòng)物飼料 .但我沒有聽到它被加到動(dòng)物飼料中。這不5.But especially look into alternative catering companies. As I vbeeen getting a lot of negative feedback from the employees that the standard of servic

47、e and quality of the food has been getting worse.但是特別要調(diào)查一下其它可選的餐飲公司 . 因?yàn)槲覐墓蛦T那里得到很多負(fù)面反饋 .說服務(wù)的 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和食品質(zhì)量越來越差了 .Also I think you need to have a word with our catering company about the quality of the food lately in the company cafeteria. Ive been receiving a lot of complaints lately.最近我聽到此外我認(rèn)為你有必要和提供我們餐飲

48、的公司就公司食堂的食品質(zhì)量問題談一談 好多抱怨 .You can laugh, but lots of people are concerned about GM food. GM food has its supporters. But until we know for sure, Id like to be on the safe side.你可以笑我， 但是很多人都關(guān)注著轉(zhuǎn)基因食品呢。 轉(zhuǎn)基因食品有它的支持者， 但是在我們沒 有確定之前，我寧愿保險(xiǎn)一些。食品質(zhì)量安全 1. How to Carry out Regulation of Food Quality and Safety Ma

49、rket Access for Food Enterprises 食品企業(yè)如何實(shí)施食品質(zhì)量安全市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度2. Public awareness and demand for safer food in Hong Kong has risen sharply in recent years, prompted by a spate of scares.近年來，在恐慌心理爆發(fā)的影響下，香港公眾對(duì)提高食品質(zhì)量安全的意識(shí)和要求顯著提高。in3. The result could be useful to both academic and practical administration on fo

50、od safety their advocacy of the conduct of quality safety behavior.基于生產(chǎn)者行為理論和實(shí)證研究的結(jié)果作了總結(jié)，并得出了食品質(zhì)量安全管理的若干啟示。4. The food quality and safety traceability system based on the bar code and Internet is brought out, and the designing ideas about network structure, system process, business process and infor

51、mation identification are described.系統(tǒng)流程、 業(yè)務(wù)流程和提出了基于條形碼和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的食品質(zhì)量安全可追蹤系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)、 信息標(biāo)識(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。4. Influenced by the food and healthy problem around the world, spotted by mad cow disease (BSE), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), dioxin (PCDD/Fs) and avian flu etc., the food quality and safety has been getting re

52、inforced by the international community.受國(guó)際性食品與健康問題，如瘋牛病 (BSE) 、口蹄疫 (FMD) 、二惡英 (Dioxin) 、禽流感 (Avian Flu .)等爆發(fā)的影響，國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)食品質(zhì)量安全(food safety)的關(guān)注程度逐步加強(qiáng)。5. During the period of two meeting, in March, 2001, 38 representatives of National Peoples Congress united to bring up a proposal about the agro-food sa

53、fety, and sent out the question about what we still dared to eat. This showed that the problem of the agro-food safety had already become the focus of people following with interest and an important question for urgently needingto be studied and solved in front of the central government and local authorities.在 2001 年 3 月的“兩會(huì)”期間,38 名全國(guó)人大代表聯(lián)合提出了關(guān)于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全問題的提 案,并發(fā)出“我們還敢吃什么” 的疑問。 由此可見 ,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和食品質(zhì)量安全問題已經(jīng)成為老百