定語與補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別教學(xué)提綱

1、定語與補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別一般情況下，賓補(bǔ)通常緊跟在賓語之后。比如：I find learning English difficult.(difficult 是形容詞做賓補(bǔ))I saw the kite up and down. (up and down 是副詞做賓補(bǔ)) Tom made the girlcry. (cry是省略不定式符號to的動(dòng)詞不定式)、什么動(dòng)詞后可有賓語補(bǔ)足語：1. 在表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這類動(dòng)詞有：consider, think, believe,discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prov妤。這類動(dòng)詞后白不定式通常是

2、"to be+形容詞或名 詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，think, consider,巾nd后的to be?？墒÷浴e consider him (to be) a good teacher 我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)好老師。He proved that theory (to be) very important他證明那個(gè)理論是很重要的。I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met he我第一次見到她的時(shí)候就認(rèn)為她人 很好，很誠實(shí)。2. 在表示情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這類動(dòng)詞有：love, like, prefer, ha

3、te, want, wish,expect 等。I'd prefer you to leave him alone 我希望你不要打擾他。don't want there to be any troubl哦不想有任何麻煩。一般情況下，修飾名詞或代詞的詞多放在被修飾詞之前，但在以下幾種情況下，修飾名詞或代詞的定語卻放在它們之后，稱之為后置定語。一、形容詞作定語修飾不定代詞 something, anything, nothing等時(shí)，必須放在不定代詞之后。例如：I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告訴你。Can you

4、see anything unusual in the picture你能在這幅畫中看出不尋常的東西嗎？二、介詞短語作定語修飾名詞或代詞時(shí)，必須后置。常見的有表示所屬的of 短語，表示伴with 短語，表示方位或穿戴的in 短語等。例如：The girl in the red hat is my younger sister 戴紅帽子的女孩是我妹妹。China is a great country with a long history.中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久的偉大的國家。She is only a girl of ten years old.她只不過是個(gè)十歲的小女孩。The picture on

5、 the right is more beautiful. 右邊的畫更漂亮。三、副詞here, there, home, below等作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，須放在名詞的后面。例如：People here like to drink tea這里的人們喜歡喝茶。On the way home, a big boy stopped him.在回家的途中，一個(gè)大個(gè)子男孩攔住了他。Please answer the questions belo w 請回答下面的問題。四、副詞短語作定語時(shí)須后置。例如：You'd better ask the policeman over there你最好問問那邊的那

6、個(gè)警察。五、表示長、寬、高、深等度量的形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，須后置。例如：This desk is two metres 10ng 這張課桌長兩米。六、動(dòng)詞不定式及動(dòng)詞不定式短語修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)該置于被修飾的詞之后。例如：I have a lot of work to do today.今天我有許多工作要做。It's time to get up now. 現(xiàn)在該起床了。Would you like something to eat?你想吃點(diǎn)東西嗎？七、現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)，須放在被修飾的詞之后。例如：Do you know the boy riding the bike?你認(rèn)識那個(gè)騎

7、自行車的男孩嗎?八、過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)須后置。例如：The Greens have a daughter called Kate格林夫婦有個(gè)叫凱特的女兒。根據(jù)上面的分析，我們先從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上判斷。為了簡便，我們只關(guān)注賓補(bǔ)或者后置定語的位置：1. 不定式：we consider him to be a good teacher. to + be +名詞he proved that theory to be very importan他.to + be + 形容詞這兩個(gè)例子是不定式做賓補(bǔ)。I have a lot of work to do today. to + do（動(dòng)詞）it is time

8、 to get up. to + 動(dòng)詞 這兩個(gè)句子是不定式做定語。由此可以知道，如果不定式后面跟實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，不定式就是做定語。如果不定式后面跟的是系動(dòng)詞 be, 就是做賓補(bǔ)。2. 介詞短語he girl in the red hat is my sister.介詞短語修飾主語China is a great country with a long history.介詞短語修飾表語。這兩例是介詞短語做定語，注意：介詞短語前面根本沒有出現(xiàn)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞！make yourself at home.介詞短語跟在一個(gè)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后面，這句話是介詞短語做賓補(bǔ)！由此可知，出現(xiàn)介詞短語，前面有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞就是賓補(bǔ)，沒有就是

9、定語3. 副詞。I found him out. 副詞做賓補(bǔ)please answer the question belowfl詞做定語這兩個(gè)的區(qū)別還沒想出來，可以解釋為answer后面不能帶賓補(bǔ)，至于那些動(dòng)詞后面可以帶賓補(bǔ)，上面有詳細(xì)介紹，不再多說。4. 形容詞wash your hands clean形容詞做賓補(bǔ)can you see anything unusual播容詞做定語。形容詞做后置定語是有要求的，比如跟在不定代詞后面一般來說，如果是動(dòng)詞 + 名詞+形容詞，并且該名詞不是不定代詞，形容詞也不是enough,就可以判斷是形容詞做賓補(bǔ)5. 現(xiàn)在分詞I heard John singing.現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)。注意句子中的動(dòng)詞是hearDo you know the boy riding the bike? 現(xiàn)在分詞做定語我覺得要判斷現(xiàn)在分詞的成分，關(guān)鍵是看句子謂語動(dòng)詞可不可以跟賓補(bǔ)。6. 過去分詞