中考定語(yǔ)從句精講+練習(xí)答案

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載中考定語(yǔ)從句精講一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念(參照行知先下 P118127)在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格 whom,所有格 whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包 where, when, why 等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行 詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)作業(yè)： 1引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2.代替先行詞3在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。定語(yǔ)從句用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾

2、的名(代)詞叫作先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面。1. The students (who don t study hard) will not pass the exam.先行詞定語(yǔ)從句主句：The students will not pass the exam2. The woma n (who you saw in the park) is our En glish teacher.先行詞定語(yǔ)從句主句:The woman is our English teacher3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes).主句： A shoe sho

3、p is a shop.從句的主語(yǔ)： which4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.主句： The book is on the desk從句的主語(yǔ)：you從句的賓語(yǔ)：that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞常見(jiàn)的有that, which,who whom 等。關(guān)系代詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成份。The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the n ext room.主語(yǔ)I lost the book( that/which ) you gave me).賓語(yǔ)三、定

4、語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限 制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句 與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作 賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gen tie.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that 作主語(yǔ)）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的

5、那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that 作賓語(yǔ)）2. which 用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓 是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.（ 作賓語(yǔ)）which 指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)可省略，如介詞提前則不能?。㊣s this the library from which you borrow books?3. who, whom

6、 用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom 用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用 who 代替whom,也可省略。例如：1. ）who 指人,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.（做賓語(yǔ)）A person who steals things is called a thief.（做主語(yǔ)）The girl who ofte n helps me with my En glish is from En gla nd. 經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming i

7、s talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）2. ）whom 指人,作賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)可省略，如介詞提前則不能省）The man （whom/who） I no dded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I no dded is Professor Li.注意：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who, that, which 可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用 介詞+which/whoi”i 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印lease tell me

8、 from whom you borrowed the En glish novel.（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are look ing for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。（3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。關(guān)系詞只能用 that 的情況：a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)只能用 that,而不用

9、 which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。b. 被修飾的先行詞為 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用 that,而不用 which.例如：學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Is there an yth ing that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？c.先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few

10、 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用 that,而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用 that,而不用 which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚記得我在 那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。e. 以 who 或 which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用 that.例如：Who is the girl that is cryin g? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？f

11、. 主句是 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用 that,而不用 which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。(5)關(guān)系詞只能用 which,而不用 that 的情況：a. 先行詞為 that, those 時(shí)，用 which,而不用 that.例如：What s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用 which,而不用 that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 這

12、是他居住的房間。c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用 which,而不用 that.例如：Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。歸納：that,即指人又指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。which,指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。who, whom 指人,who 作主語(yǔ),whom 作賓語(yǔ)。that, which, whom 在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省去。1) A pla ne is a mach ine_ can fly.2) The car_ my un cle bought last week was stole n.3) The students_ don t

13、 studjnardwill not pass the exam.4) The woma n_ you saw in the park is our En glish teacher.5)The house_ we live in is very old.6)_Those are the shoesI lost last week.7)_ That is the manfound my han dbag.8)Lucy can t eat food_has chocolate in it.9)The car_ my uncle bought last month is very beautifu

14、l.五、關(guān)系副詞的用法(1)when 指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于介詞+學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載關(guān)系代詞(which) ”。例如：This was the time when he arrived.這是他至 U 達(dá)的時(shí)間。I iHever forget the day when I joined the league=on which(2) where 指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于 介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞(which) ”。例如：This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。This is the house where I

15、 lived two years ago=In which(3) why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于介詞 for+關(guān)系代詞(which) ”。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is ofte n late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲至 U。Do you know the reason why she was late ?I.單項(xiàng)填空。1. -Do you know the man_is talki ng with your father?-Yes, he s our headmaster.A. he B. wh

16、o C. which D. whom2. Is this the river_ I can swim?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city_I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dict ionary_the other day?A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Any

17、one_with what I said may put up you han ds.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing_is miss ing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man_coat is black is wait ing at the gateA. who s B. whose C. that of which.8. The girl_is readi ng un der the tree_ my sister.A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was9. I love places_ the people are really frien dly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world_ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live inn.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom 填空。1. The fi