汽車(chē)?yán)碚搶?shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告(最終稿)

1、南京理工大學(xué)紫金學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)科目：汽車(chē)?yán)碚撔蛱?hào)實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)老師成績(jī)1汽車(chē)加速性試驗(yàn)謝繼鵬2汽車(chē)滑行實(shí)驗(yàn)謝繼鵬3汽車(chē)制動(dòng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)謝繼鵬4汽車(chē)平穩(wěn)性實(shí)驗(yàn)謝繼鵬5678班級(jí)：10三教車(chē)輛一班學(xué)生姓名：沈鋮瑋學(xué)號(hào)：100102134實(shí)驗(yàn)綜合成績(jī)：整理 doc實(shí)驗(yàn)一汽車(chē)加速性實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?. 學(xué)習(xí)汽車(chē)加速性能的測(cè)試方法。2. 了解試驗(yàn)用儀器的主要結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理和使用方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容在試驗(yàn)道路上，選取合適長(zhǎng)度的路段，作為加速性能試驗(yàn)路段，在兩端各放置標(biāo)桿作為記號(hào)。1. 汽車(chē)原地起步加速試驗(yàn)用汽車(chē)多功能測(cè)試儀記錄加速過(guò)程的速度、時(shí)間、行駛距離；汽車(chē)停在加速試驗(yàn)路段起點(diǎn)，駕駛員按規(guī)定作好準(zhǔn)備；試驗(yàn)

2、員按“START鍵，同時(shí)以常用起步擋（轎車(chē)為I擋，貨車(chē)為II擋）起步；駕駛員按最佳換檔時(shí)刻迅速地?fù)Q至最高擋，節(jié)氣門(mén)處于最大開(kāi)度，全力加速到80%R高車(chē)速或自己所需車(chē)速時(shí)，按“STOP鍵停止記錄；試驗(yàn)往返兩個(gè)方向各進(jìn)行一次，測(cè)量區(qū)段應(yīng)盡量重合；試驗(yàn)結(jié)果取平均值，繪制汽車(chē)原地起步加速曲線，即車(chē)速-加速時(shí)間（u-t）曲線和車(chē)速-加速距離（u-s）曲線，根據(jù)曲線評(píng)定汽車(chē)的原地起步加速性能；說(shuō)明：可稍提前按“START鍵，儀器自動(dòng)從車(chē)速大于0時(shí)刻開(kāi)始記錄。2. 汽車(chē)直接擋加速試驗(yàn)用汽車(chē)多功能測(cè)試儀記錄加速過(guò)程的速度、時(shí)間、行駛距離；汽車(chē)在直接擋以預(yù)定的車(chē)速（從稍高于該擋最低穩(wěn)定車(chē)速起，選5的整數(shù)倍之速度

3、如20、25、30、35、40km/h）作等速行駛，用汽車(chē)多功能測(cè)試儀監(jiān)測(cè)初速度；3. 車(chē)速穩(wěn)定后（偏差±1km/h）,駛?cè)朐囼?yàn)路段，試驗(yàn)員按“START鍵，同時(shí)駕駛員迅速將到底以最大的加速加速踏板踩度使車(chē)速提高；4. 車(chē)速達(dá)到該擋位最高車(chē)速的80斌自己所需車(chē)速時(shí)，按“STOP鍵停止記錄；試驗(yàn)往返兩個(gè)方向各進(jìn)行一次，測(cè)量區(qū)段應(yīng)盡量重合；5. 驗(yàn)結(jié)果取平均值，繪制汽車(chē)直接擋加速曲線，即車(chē)速-加速時(shí)間（u-t）曲線和車(chē)速-加速距離（u-s）曲線，根據(jù)曲線評(píng)定汽車(chē)的直接擋加速性能。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析連續(xù)檔加速實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)間（s）速度(km/h)距離（m0000.00000.000104.610

4、00.73028.11002.570310.51005.270412.90008.600515.85012.550618.43017.290720.28022.760820.83028.380918.80034.191024.15040.641126.73047.741228.75055.491326.91063.331428.75071.471531.89079.971632.81088.811735.02097.921832.62107.511936.31117.512040.73127.742139.63138.492240.73149.702345.16161.622445.16173

5、.862547.37186.212650.14199.52利用Excel軟件，將數(shù)據(jù)（txt格式）導(dǎo)入制成表格，使用自帶的圖表向?qū)Чδ?，繪制散點(diǎn)圖，并進(jìn)行曲線擬合（該實(shí)驗(yàn)以4階曲線擬合），作圖如下：（注：本報(bào)告全部采用Excel進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理及曲線擬合，后面不再贅述）整理doc2直接檔加速實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)間(s)速度(km/h)距離(m)0025.00000.000125.25006.840228.57014.450330.41022.720431.89031.000533.91039.970634.10049.410736.86059.580839.08070.060942.21081.201043

6、.32092.781145.16104.741233.73116.471345.34128.191447.19140.101548.29153.201646.45166.641751.43180.28作圖如下:直接檔時(shí)間一速度散點(diǎn)曲線擬合圖2時(shí)間（s）度速m（離距05101520時(shí)間（s）實(shí)驗(yàn)二汽車(chē)滑行實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康? .學(xué)習(xí)測(cè)定汽車(chē)的滑行距離的方法，檢查汽車(chē)底盤(pán)部分的調(diào)整狀況。2 .學(xué)習(xí)測(cè)定汽車(chē)在某種道路上行駛時(shí)的滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)f的方法。3 .學(xué)習(xí)測(cè)定汽車(chē)的空氣阻力系數(shù)的方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法1.試驗(yàn)過(guò)程在長(zhǎng)約1000m的試驗(yàn)路段兩端立上標(biāo)桿作為滑行區(qū)段；選擇“動(dòng)力性試驗(yàn)”項(xiàng)中的“滑行”試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)，

7、并按“MENU鍵，進(jìn)入試驗(yàn)界面；汽車(chē)駛?cè)牖袇^(qū)段前，車(chē)速應(yīng)稍大于50km/h,在即將駛?cè)牖袇^(qū)段前，變速器置入空檔，并松開(kāi)離合器踏板，作滑行行駛；在進(jìn)入滑行區(qū)段后，當(dāng)車(chē)速為50km/h時(shí)試驗(yàn)員按下“START鍵開(kāi)始測(cè)量；滑行過(guò)程中，應(yīng)保持直線行駛，不得轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)，不允許使用制動(dòng)器，直到停車(chē)為止；儀器自動(dòng)記錄從車(chē)速50km/h開(kāi)始，到汽車(chē)停止的整個(gè)滑行過(guò)程的滑行距離和滑行時(shí)間；試驗(yàn)至少往返各滑行一次，往返試驗(yàn)的路段應(yīng)重合。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析考慮到使用時(shí)間步距數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)多，速度步距數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)少，故采用距離步距，但在繪制圖像時(shí)仍以時(shí)間變化作為參考。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表格如下距離（m速度(km/h)時(shí)間（s）00020.

8、0000.0000519.9100.9301019.3501.8501519.17F02.8902018.4303.8802517.5104.8903018.8005.9003514.0106.9304018.8007.9904518.4309.0405017.51P10.2105517.1411.4006010.1412.7606515.3013.9207009.5815.1807514.0116.4508014.3817.7508515.1118.9609014.1920.2309514.5621.5210012.3522.9410508.6624.4011013.1825.8411512

9、.7227.2612011.2428.7512511.0630.2913011.43r31.8013510.8733.4614009.2235.1114510.5137.0115010.6938.8515509.9540.6616007.1942.5516509.2244.4617009.0346.4417509.0348.4918008.6650.6118508.4852.7119008.6654.8619508.29r57.1120008.1159.3120508.2961.5221008.11P63.7721508.1166.0922007.7468.5222508.4870.89230

10、10.6972.8523508.1174.7224009.5876.6824509.22P78.6625009.0380.6925508.8582.7626009.0384.8226508.8586.9027007.9389.1227507.9391.4028008.2993.7128508.1196.1729007.5698.5729507.56101.0030006.82103.6630506.27106.5831005.35109.9031503.32113.73作圖如下：時(shí)間一距離采用2階曲線擬合時(shí)間一速度散點(diǎn)擬合曲線圖速度(km/h)2520一線性(速度(km/h)15105y=-0

11、.1031x+16.06650100150時(shí)間(s)時(shí)間一速度采用線性回歸法擬合計(jì)算f:根據(jù)汽車(chē)行駛動(dòng)力學(xué)方程，忽略空氣阻力可得：du/dt=-g/6*f故f=-6/g*(du/dt)這里，6為汽車(chē)旋轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量換算系數(shù)，取1.25;g為重力加速度，取9.8N/kg所以,f=-1.25/9.8*(-0.1031)=0.0135實(shí)驗(yàn)三汽車(chē)制動(dòng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牧私馄?chē)制動(dòng)性能的試驗(yàn)方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容開(kāi)動(dòng)汽車(chē)多功能測(cè)試儀，選擇“動(dòng)力性試驗(yàn)”中“制動(dòng)”試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)，進(jìn)入試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示狀態(tài)；試驗(yàn)時(shí)，汽車(chē)初速為30km/h左右，汽車(chē)以預(yù)定的初速穩(wěn)定行駛；汽車(chē)行至試驗(yàn)區(qū)段時(shí)，按口令以最大減速度制動(dòng)至停車(chē)。制動(dòng)時(shí)，離合器

12、分離或變速器置于空擋；當(dāng)踩下踏板開(kāi)關(guān)時(shí)，儀器自動(dòng)記錄直至速度為零這段時(shí)間的初速度、制動(dòng)距離和時(shí)間；試驗(yàn)往返進(jìn)行各一次；試驗(yàn)中，必須注意扶緊車(chē)廂板，以免碰傷人或碰壞儀器；制動(dòng)初速度在規(guī)定的土10%勺距離按范圍里，制動(dòng)距離按下式校正。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表格如下速度(km/h)時(shí)間(s)16.770.0016.770.0216.770.0416.770.0616.770.0816.770.0916.770.1116.770.1316.770.1516.770.1616.770.1816.770.2016.770.2416.770.2816.770.3116.770.3516.770.3816.

13、770.4016.770.4416.770.4616.770.4816.770.4916.770.5116.590.5316.590.5416.590.5616.400.5816.400.6016.400.6116.400.6316.400.6516.400.6716.400.6816.400.7016.400.7416.400.7616.400.7816.400.7916.220.8116.220.8316.220.8416.220.8616.220.8816.220.9016.040.9116.040.9316.040.9415.850.9615.850.9815.670.9915.671

14、.0115.671.0415.671.0615.481.0815.111.0914.751.1014.381.1114.381.1214.381.1414.191.1613.821.1713.821.1813.821.2013.821.2113.821.2313.821.2413.821.2813.821.2913.641.3113.641.3213.461.3413.461.3513.461.3713.461.3813.461.5713.461.5813.461.6013.461.6113.271.6313.271.6413.271.6613.271.6713.271.6813.271.70

15、13.271.7613.271.7713.091.7813.091.8112.901.8212.721.8412.531.8412.531.8612.531.8712.531.9012.351.9112.171.9212.171.9411.981.9511.981.9611.981.9711.801.9911.802.0011.802.0111.612.0211.612.0411.612.0511.612.0611.612.0811.82.0911.432.1111.432.1211.432.1311.242.1411.242.1611.242.1711.242.1811.242.1911.2

16、42.2011.062.2210.872.2310.872.2410.692.2510.692.2610.692.2710.512.2810.322.2910.142.3010.142.3110.142.3210.142.3310.142.3409.952.3509.772.3609.772.3709.582.3809.582.3909.402.4009.402.4109.222.4209.222.4309.222.4409.222.4509.032.4609.032.4609.032.4808.852.4808.852.4908.852.5008.662.5108.662.5208.482.

17、5308.482.5408.482.5408.482.5608.292.5708.112.5807.932.5807.932.5907.932.6007.742.6107.742.6207.562.6307.372.6407.372.6507.192.6607.192.6707.002.6807.002.6807.002.6907.002.7006.822.7006.642.7106.642.7206.452.7306.452.7306.452.7406.272.7506.082.7506.082.7605.902.7605.902.7805.712.7905.712.8005.532.800

18、5.352.8105.352.8105.352.8205.162.8205.162.8304.982.8304.982.8404.792.8404.612.8404.612.8504.612.8604.242.8704.062.8704.062.8803.872.8803.872.8903.692.9003.502.9003.502.9103.322.9103.322.9203.132.9202.952.9202.762.9302.582.9402.402.9402.212.9402.032.9402.032.9501.842.9501.662.9501.472.9601.292.9601.1

19、12.9600.922.9600.742.9600.552.9600.552.9600.552.9700.552.9800.552.9900.552.9900.553.0200.373.0200.183.0200.003.02速度(km/h)多項(xiàng)式(速度(km/h)作圖如下時(shí)間一速度散點(diǎn)擬合曲線圖y=-0.4029x5+1.7894x4-1.5454x2.9895x2+1.8804x+16.626整理 doc20廠使用“幾何畫(huà)板”軟件作圖如右:根據(jù)擬合曲線速度與時(shí)間的函數(shù)關(guān)系為:y=-0.4029x5+1.7894x4-1.5454x3-2.9895x2+1.8804x+16.626則加速度與

20、時(shí)間的函數(shù)關(guān)系為:dy/dx=-2.0145x4+7.1576x3-4.6362x2-5.979x+1.8804貝Ux=3.02時(shí)，(dy/dx)min=-28.88最大制動(dòng)減速度abmax=28.88/3.6=8.02m/s2實(shí)驗(yàn)四汽車(chē)平順性實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康母鶕?jù)汽車(chē)平順性隨機(jī)輸入行駛試驗(yàn)方法，測(cè)定車(chē)廂內(nèi)某處加速度，以加權(quán)加速度的均方根值對(duì)平順性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容安裝好傳感器；(x、yz三個(gè)方向的傳感器分別接在平順性試驗(yàn)的三個(gè)通道。注：z安裝在1通道。)將座墊加速度計(jì)安放在所測(cè)座椅位置處，一乘員坐在傳感器上，后背不能與座椅相靠；汽車(chē)以30km/h的車(chē)速在實(shí)驗(yàn)路段勻速行駛，待車(chē)速穩(wěn)定后試驗(yàn)員按“START鍵，儀器開(kāi)始采集數(shù)據(jù)；在合適的時(shí)候，試驗(yàn)員按“STOP鍵停止數(shù)據(jù)采集；樣本長(zhǎng)度為3min；通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)處理可得到各通道原始曲線、功率譜以及試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析awx(m/s2):0.071awy(m/s2):0.147awz(m/s2):0.264計(jì)算總加權(quán)加速度均方根值av：av=(1.4awx)2+(1.4awy)2+awz21/2得av=(1.4*0.071)2+(1.4*0.147)2+0.26421/2=0.349又加權(quán)振級(jí)law=20lg(a