專題06 非謂語動(dòng)詞 2017年高考英語備考學(xué)易黃金易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)解析版

1、 1. He suddenly appeared in class one day， (wear) sun glasses. 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，已有謂語動(dòng)詞appeared，動(dòng)詞wear前又沒有并列連詞，故應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，表示伴隨情況；又因主語he與wear之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞。 【答案】wearing 2. One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be) late for school. 【答案】being 3. I heard a passenger behind me shou

2、ting to the driver，but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop. 【解析】考查不定式。動(dòng)詞refuse后要接不定式作賓語， refuse to do sth 拒絕做某事。 【答案】to stop 4. Still，the boy kept (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 【解析】考查固定短語。然而這個(gè)男孩一直騎個(gè)不停。keep doing sth一直做某事。 【答案】riding :Z#xx#k.來源5. We got

3、 a little (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. 【解析】考查過去分詞。我們有點(diǎn)曬黑了。動(dòng)詞sunburn曬黑，此處get done結(jié)構(gòu)為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某一事件或事故的發(fā)生，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。 【答案】sunburned/ sunburnt 6. My older brother and I are busy (arrange) a trip to Africa. 【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。be busy (in) doing.忙于做某事。 【答案】arranging &科學(xué)&來源7

4、. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu (situate) in presentday Hunan and Hubei Provinces， during the Warring States Period(戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期). 【解析】考查過去分詞。表示位于何地時(shí)，用be situated in/on。過去分詞situated作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句which was situated.。 【答案】situated 8. Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alongside the truck，turne

5、d to the we reached a crossing and it right， (hit) me and my bicycle. 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：上周我騎自行車時(shí)旁邊有輛卡車，當(dāng)?shù)绞致房跁r(shí)，它向右轉(zhuǎn)，撞到了我和我的自行車。hitting作結(jié)果狀語。 【答案】hitting 9. After luckily (succeed) in the national college entrance examination，I realized my dream again： after graduation，I became a citizen working in a cit

6、y. 【答案】succeeding 10. Most of the fish there was (freeze)，but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market. 【解析】考查過去分詞。此處作表語，表狀態(tài)，要用frozen(冰凍的)。 【答案】frozen 易錯(cuò)起源1、非謂語動(dòng)詞類別和句法功能 例1 (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 【解析】句意：沉迷于繪畫中，約翰沒有注意時(shí)間已

7、到了傍晚。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處的Absorbed in painting 相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句Because he was absorbed in painting的省略。 【答案】Absorbed 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 非謂語動(dòng)詞句法功能的注意事項(xiàng): 不定式 1.介詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式只限于作介詞except和but的賓語，此時(shí)exceptbut意為“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有: can but + 動(dòng)詞原形;只能、只得 cannot help(choose)but + 動(dòng)詞原形:不能不 do nothing but + 動(dòng)詞原形:只做 只有做: 動(dòng)詞原形There is nothing to do bu

8、t + have no choice but to do:只有做 例如: The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to) I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to) She could do nothing but leave. (省略 to) I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to) 2.不定式在使役動(dòng)詞have，let，make以及感官動(dòng)詞see，look at，watch，notice，observe，h

9、ear， listen to，feel后的賓補(bǔ)，不定式符要省略，但這些句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶符to.例如: I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song. I saw them play in the park. :Z_xx_k.來源 They were seen to play in the park. 3.不定式作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果作定語的不定式使不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是其動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后須有相應(yīng)的介詞。但名詞way，pl

10、ace，way除外。例如: He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主謂關(guān)系 ) There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 ) Here is some paper for you to write on. The boy has a nice pen to write with. We found a way to solve this problem (in). 通常使用不定式作定語的情況有:(1)不定式表示將來；(2)用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no， all，any等限定詞的中心

11、詞。(3)用來修飾一些抽象名詞，常見的有:ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如: During my holidqy I borrowed some books to read.(表將來) She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序數(shù)詞修飾) I have no chance to escape. (修飾抽象名詞) Do you hav

12、e the ability to read French? (修飾抽象名詞) 4.不定式作狀語時(shí)可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。表示目的時(shí)可用in order to，so as to換用；表示，would ，should，shall，will條件時(shí)，一般把表示條件的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首，句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常含有can，must，could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如: 來源:He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 ) He woke up to find everybody gone. (表結(jié)果) I'm very pleased to hear from him. (表原因，

13、主要是表示喜、怒、哀、樂) To look at him, you can't help laughing. (表?xiàng)l件，謂語動(dòng)詞含有can) He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度) He is old enough to go to school. (表程度) 過去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語的區(qū)別: 這三種形式作定語，主要是體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間上的區(qū)別。過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語所表示的 動(dòng)作之前或是沒有一定的時(shí)間性；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語時(shí)，表示一個(gè)

14、未來的動(dòng)作。例如: The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (將要修建的) The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的) .學(xué)來源科 ) The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己經(jīng)修建了的 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? ) 沒有時(shí)間性He is a teacher loved anti respec

15、ted by all students. ( ) Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在 ) The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表將來 令人感的動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式作表語和定語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“在英語中，表示“感覺狀態(tài)”，指主語或被修飾的詞本身的感”到”，指主語或被修飾的詞給人的感覺；過去分詞表示”感到: 覺。例如 interesting令人感興趣的interested感到有興趣的 e

16、xciting令人感到激動(dòng)的excited感到激動(dòng)的 shocked感到震驚的shocking令人感到震驚的 : 過去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別 后，(haveletmake)和使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞1.(seelook atwatchnoticeobservehearlisten tofeel)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)to(的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞不帶的不定式) :make行，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成，不定式表示主動(dòng)和完成。注意不能接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。: 例如I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主動(dòng)，完成) I

17、 heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在進(jìn)行) I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被動(dòng)) The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make) I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表示狀態(tài)) I was surprised to f

18、ind my hometown changed a lot. (表示完成) 2.動(dòng)詞leave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表達(dá)的具體含義是“使處于某種狀態(tài)”。例如: It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被動(dòng)，完成) My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主動(dòng)，將來) My workmate left, leaving all the rest work

19、 to be done. (被動(dòng)，將來) 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別: 1.一般來說，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如: Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man. :Z.xx.k.來源 Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. 來源: 2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)一般式表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如: Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.

20、 Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well. 3.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式表示先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)表示未來的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如: Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way，the word shouldn't be taken as a verb. Given more time, we will finish the work

21、 perfectly. 【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果與句子的主語不一致，那么分詞短語就需要有自己的邏輯主語，這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞短語意義上的邏輯主語，通常由名詞或代詞來充當(dāng)，放在分詞之前。因?yàn)闆]有實(shí)際: 的主語和謂語，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充當(dāng)時(shí)間、原因、方式等狀語。例如Winter having e, it's getting colder and colder. The homework finished,the child went home. His leg badiy

22、hurt,he had to stay in bed. Time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace. She lay against the wall,the sun shinning upon her. 從例句可以看出，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語是兩個(gè)不同的人或物，因此，分詞前的名詞或代詞不能省略。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)也可以由“withwithout + 名詞或代詞 + 分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語”構(gòu)成。例如: The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon. W

23、ith his parents away, the boy became naughtier. The teacher came into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand). She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被動(dòng),狀態(tài)) She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主動(dòng),正在) With you to help me , I could do it better. (主動(dòng)，將來) With a lot of

24、problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被動(dòng)，完成) ,Z,X,X,K科來源學(xué) ) ,將來With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被動(dòng) 垂懸分詞作狀語或泛其邏輯主語是句子非主語部分中指人或物的某一名詞或代詞，垂懸分詞是現(xiàn)在分詞一種特殊用法，: 。例如”指“我們所him Searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searchin

25、g 的邏輯主語是句中) 指的人所指的Walking or sleeping, this subject is always in my mind. (walking or sleeping 的邏輯主語是句中my 我”)“ 的邏輯主語泛指Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. ( using “我們”) 2易錯(cuò)起源、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an el

26、ective 2例 course. 【答案】To learn 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，一般使用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，形式有一般式和完成式(進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)式)。例如： Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again(hear from和his father之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系) The book is sid to have been tramlated into many languages(translate和the book之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系) 注意：不定式中使用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)的情況：

27、(1)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。例如: I haven't got a key to unlock the door.(to unlock the door的邏輯主語是a key) (2)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。例如: I haven't got a book to read(I為不定式的邏輯主語，a book為不定式的邏輯賓語) (3)不定式作賓語形容詞的狀語，和句中的主語構(gòu)成了邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式多用主動(dòng)，實(shí)際上形容詞后省略了for one或for peopl

28、e。例如： The book is difficult (for me) to understand. He is hard ( for me) to work with. (4)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果考慮必須有人去完成某事時(shí)，用主動(dòng)；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)事情本身必須完成時(shí)，用被動(dòng)。例如: There is a lot of to be done. (工作被作) There is a lot of to do. (需要人去做) 【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 動(dòng)名詞一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作

29、之前，則用動(dòng)名詞的完成式。如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯這樣是動(dòng)名 詞動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。例如: We are interested in playing chess. (同時(shí)) She is looking forward to hearing from you again. (之后) I'm sorry for ) 之前not having kept my promise. ( The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone. (被動(dòng)) 來源: The house showed no sign of having bee

30、n damaged.(之前，被動(dòng)) 易錯(cuò)起源3、非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定搭配 例3After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank)all the people who had helped in her career. 【答案】to thank 【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 英語中非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定搭配是因詞而定，沒有固定的規(guī)律?？忌挥欣斡浰鼈兊男问?，才能成功破題。 來源學(xué)§科§1.下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后面只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語: admit, allow, appreciate

31、, avoid, consider (考慮) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(錯(cuò)過), practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer等動(dòng)詞; be used to(習(xí)慣于), insist on, can't help(情不自禁) , can't stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to, put off, devote to,stick to, obj

32、ect to, thank you for, be busy (in) , get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)等動(dòng)詞組。 2.下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后面能接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別： forgetrememberregret to do忘記記住后悔去做某事 forgetrememberregret doing忘記記得后悔已經(jīng)做過某事 stop to do停下來接著做另一件事stop doing停止做一件事 mean to do意欲、企

33、圖做某事mean doing意味著做某事 go on to do做完某事接著做另一件事go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事 try to do努力、試圖做某事try doing嘗試著做某事 3.有些短語作狀語是固定結(jié)構(gòu): judging from, generally/ frankly/ honestly/ strictly speaking, considering (that). (考慮到), supposing/ providing (that). (假如),seeing ( that ). (既然,由于) , to tell you the truth, to make things

34、worse,to begin with (首先，第一)。例如: Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner. Tuning to the left, he saw a bus passing. Considering everything, he did a good job. Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married, I don't see how you can stop her. 易錯(cuò)起源4、 非謂語動(dòng)詞邏輯主語的表達(dá)形式和否定形式 例4I really

35、can't understand _ her like that. #科學(xué)#來源A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating 【錯(cuò)誤解答】 A或B 【正確解答】 D 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語也就是非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。在不定式中，邏輯主語是of或for的 介詞賓語，或是句子的主語，或是句子的賓語。 例如: It is important for us to work hard.(to work is important.只能用for) It is kind of you to help me to cle

36、an the room.(you are kind.只能用of) We want to go with you to have a picnic. Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema. I want the report to be typed as quickly as possible. The manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible. 【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須是形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格；作賓語、表 語時(shí)，其邏輯

37、主語是形容詞性物主代詞、人稱代詞、名詞的所有格或普通格；無生命名詞或有生命的名 詞表示泛指時(shí)，必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞的賓格。例如： Tom's ing surprised all of us (主語) ) 主語His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry.( Would you mind me/my opening the window?(賓語) They all thought Tom's /Tom going there a great mistake.(賓語) Is there any hope

38、of their team winning the game ?(無生命) I have never heard of women landing the moon.(有生命，但表泛指) 分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語和主句的主語是一致的，如果不同則要用到獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式(見上文)。 例如: Being a student, you must study hard. When crossing the streets you must be careful. If heated to high temperature, ice can change into water. 1. Much time

39、(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 【解析】句意：大部分時(shí)間坐辦公桌，辦公室職員通常被健康問題所困擾。time 與spend之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān) 系，另外該題實(shí)際考查了非謂語動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 【答案】spent 2. When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, (wonder)whether to stay or lea

40、ve. 【答案】wondering 3. Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk)over what is bothering them. 【解析】句意：有時(shí)候我充當(dāng)同學(xué)們的傾訴對象，讓他們通過傾訴釋放心頭的煩心事。for sb to do sth 是不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作定語，修飾a listening ear。 【答案】to talk 4. (catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 【解析】句意

41、：為了趕上早班飛機(jī)，我們提前預(yù)定了出租車并且很早就起了床。此處用不定式作目的狀 語，表示提前預(yù)定出租車并且早起的目的?！敬鸢浮縏o catch 5. The park was full of people, (enjoy)themselves in the sunshine. 【解析】句意：公園里擠滿了人，他們在陽光下過得很快樂。people和enjoy之間是主謂關(guān)系，且非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。 【答案】enjoying 6. If (accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon. 【解析】句意：如果錄

42、用你做這份工作，你將會(huì)很快得到通知。句子的主語you和動(dòng)詞accept之間為邏 輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。 【答案】accepted 7. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it (perform)live is quite another. 【解析】句意：在家聽音樂是一回事，去現(xiàn)場聽音樂演奏是另外一回事。hear.doing.聽到正在 做，此處賓語it與動(dòng)詞perform之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 ,科來源學(xué)being performed 【答案】(raise)in the poore

43、st area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to being a football star. 8. 【答案】Raised 9. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use)the sun and the stars. 【解析】句意：就像古時(shí)候的水手一樣，鳥能利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。根據(jù)語境，use與其句中隱含的邏輯主語birds之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用v.ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴隨狀語，表示與find同時(shí)發(fā)生。 【答案】using 10. Back from his twoyear

44、 medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at home. 【解析】句意：在他兩年的非洲醫(yī)療服務(wù)回來后，李博士很高興地看到他在家中被照顧得很好的母親?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。此處考查非謂語動(dòng)詞做后置定語，mother和take good care of之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。 .Z.X.X.K科來源學(xué)【答案】taken 11. Well，it always takes time to consider before (make) a decision. 【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。在做決定之前要認(rèn)真考慮。before是介詞，后跟動(dòng)名詞。 【答案】making 12. Now，the merchant's 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contribu