感嘆句-祈使句和There-be

1、精品文檔1歡迎下載重點(diǎn)：1. 祈使句的肯定式和否定式2. 祈使句 Do 型，Be 型和 let 型的用法。難點(diǎn)：祈使句肯定式到否定式的變換?？颊?7八、掌握 Do 型，Be 型和 let 型引導(dǎo)的祈使句。祈使句定義1. 定義：用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。2. 祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z(yǔ)）是第二人稱(chēng)，所以通常都省略。祈使句的動(dòng)詞都為動(dòng)詞原形，句末則使用句號(hào)來(lái)表示結(jié)束。例：Go and wash your han ds.（去洗你的手。-命令）Be quiet, please. （Please be quiet. ）（請(qǐng)安靜。一一請(qǐng)求）Be kind to our sister

2、s.（對(duì)姊妹要和善。一一勸告）Watch your steps.（走路小心。一一警告）Look out ! Dan ger!（小心！危險(xiǎn)！一一強(qiáng)烈警告，已如感嘆句）Keep off the grass.考點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥一祈使句H亠j精品文檔2歡迎下載（勿踏草坪。一一禁止）No park ing.（禁止停車(chē)。禁止）3.祈使句也常把主語(yǔ)“ You”表達(dá)出來(lái)，使對(duì)方聽(tīng)起來(lái)覺(jué)得柔和些，例如：You go and tell him, Chris.（克立斯去告訴他。）祈使句相關(guān)口令祈使句無(wú)主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ) you 常省去；動(dòng)詞原形謂語(yǔ)當(dāng)，句首加 dont 否定變；朗讀應(yīng)當(dāng)用降調(diào)，句末常標(biāo)感嘆號(hào)。川乍祈使句表現(xiàn)形式肯

3、定結(jié)構(gòu)：1. Do 型（即:動(dòng)詞原形（+賓語(yǔ)）+其它成分）。如：Please have a seat here. 請(qǐng)這邊坐。有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下， 動(dòng)詞可省略。女口： This way, please. = Gothis way, please.請(qǐng)這邊走。2. Be 型（即：Be +表語(yǔ)（名詞或形容詞）+其它成分）。如：Be a good boy! 要做一個(gè)好孩子！3. Let 型（即：Let +賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+ 其它成分）。女口： Let mehelp you. 讓我來(lái)幫你。否定結(jié)構(gòu)：1. Do 型和 Be 型的否定式都是在句首加 dont 構(gòu)成。如：Do nt forget me!

4、不要忘記我！Dont be late for school!上學(xué)不要遲到！2. Let 型的否定式有兩種：“Dont + let +賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分”和“ Let +賓語(yǔ)+ n ot +動(dòng)詞原形+ 其它成分”。如：Do nt let him go. / Let him not go.另 S 讓他走。3.有些可用 no 開(kāi)頭， 用來(lái)表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No smoking!禁止吸精品文檔3歡迎下載煙!No fishing! 禁止釣魚(yú)！精品文檔3歡迎。下載letlet ”引導(dǎo)的祈使句由“ let ”帶頭的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是個(gè)常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞句型，它的主要用法

5、有下列三種 :1. 表示“建議”。這個(gè)句型里的“ let ”后頭緊跟著一個(gè)第一人稱(chēng)的代詞賓語(yǔ) , 如：Let me try.Lets do it.Let me go and look for it.這個(gè)句型語(yǔ)氣委婉，比直接的祈使句客氣。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子。A. Dont disturb him.B. Lets not disturb him.(A)是直接命令,語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈,不如(B)溫柔悅耳。2. 表示“間接命令”或“愿望” 。 這句型里的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)名詞或代詞，如：Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.Let her join

6、 our choir.3. 表示“警告”、“蔑視”、“威脅”等。 這種祈使句里的賓語(yǔ)也是第三人稱(chēng)為主。 除了口氣兇悍之外， 有時(shí)還語(yǔ)帶諷刺。如：Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.4. 用“ let ”的祈使句時(shí)，必須注意下列幾點(diǎn)：1)“l(fā)et ” 的否定句有兩種。如果賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)用“ Dont let. . .(見(jiàn)例 A)；如果賓語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)，則用“ Le

7、t. . . not ” (見(jiàn)例 B):A. Dont let this type of things happen again.B. Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain.2)“ Let ”只適用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (the passive voice) ，如:Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.精品文檔5歡迎下載3） “Let ”后頭除了是不帶 “to ”

8、的不定式動(dòng)詞（The infinitive withoutto）之外，還可以是某些適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~，如 out, i n, dow n, alo ne等：Let the puppy out.Open the win dows and let the fresh air in.The room is too sunny. Let the bli nds dow n.Let me alone, please.4）用“Lets ”時(shí)，把談話(huà)者的對(duì)象包括在內(nèi)；用“ Let us”時(shí)，并不包括 對(duì)方，如：A. Lets try it, shall we?B. Let us do it by ourselves

9、, will you?從 A 里的“ shall we ”和 B 里的“ will you ”，不難知道前者包括聽(tīng)話(huà)人， 后者并沒(méi)有。祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議等等。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原形。句子中 通常不用主語(yǔ)，句末用驚嘆號(hào)或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)。V含有第二人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)的祈使句Be careful !小心！Dont make such a no ise.不要這么吵。1.肯定的祈使句A. 句型：動(dòng)詞原形.（省略主語(yǔ)）Sta nd up.起立。Be quiet, please.請(qǐng)安靜。B. 有時(shí)，為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可以在動(dòng)詞之前加doDo sit dow n.務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。Do study hard.一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)。C

10、. 比較祈使句和陳述句：You eat an apples every day.你每天吃一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。 （陳述句）Eat apples. （你）吃蘋(píng)果（祈使句）精品文檔6歡迎下載（省略主語(yǔ) you）D. 用客氣的語(yǔ)氣表示祈使句時(shí)，可在句首或句尾加上 please,但如果在句尾加 please，那在 please 之前一定要加一個(gè)逗號(hào)Go this way, please.請(qǐng)這邊走。e.祈使句中如果有“呼”語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)“，”隔開(kāi)，放在句首或句尾。Li Ming, come here.李明，過(guò)來(lái)。Come here, Li Ming.過(guò)來(lái)，李明。2.否定的祈使句句型：Dont +動(dòng)詞原形Dont

11、swim in the river.別在河里游泳。Dont be late.別遲到。Please dont be no isy.請(qǐng)不要大聲喧嘩。注意：表示禁止時(shí)，尤其是標(biāo)語(yǔ)等也可用“ No+名詞/動(dòng)名詞”來(lái)表示。No smok ing!禁止吸煙！No park ing!禁止停車(chē)！No en try!不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)!No litter!不準(zhǔn)亂扔雜物!精品文檔7歡迎下載I）填空。1. Please wait for me. _ walk so fast.2._ quiet, please.3._ sit straight.4._ go shopping now.5._spitting.6._ talki

12、ng; class begins.7._ a good time!8._ talk to your mum like that!II)寫(xiě)出下列祈使句的反義疑問(wèn)句。1. Lets go, _?2. Dont make such noise, _ ?3. Teacher, let us go out to play, _?4. Lets go together, _?5. Let each man decide for himself, _ ?6. Let us go together, _?7. Come and join us, _ ?8. Dont fight with others, _?

13、III)將下列句子變成祈使句。1. Would you like to wait a mome nt?f_ a mome nt.2. Can I use your bike?fPlease_ your bike.3. Youd better not smoke here. f_ _ here.4. You must be careful with your handwriting.f_ with your handwriting.5. Will you please not play with my pencil?f_ _ with my pencil, _ .IV ) 選擇題。1. Plea

14、se _; theyre having a meeting.A. not be so noisyB. be quiteC. mustnt talk D. nospeaking2. _ to meet me at the station. Ill be waiting there.A. Not to forgetB. Not forgetC. Forget notD. Dont精品文檔8歡迎。下載forget3. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will you C. dont we D. shall we4. Dont smok

15、e in the meeting-room, _ ?A. do you B. will you C. would you D.5. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I_ .A. dontB. wontC. cantD. havent6. _ down the radio. The babys asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. To turnC. Turned7. Lucy, _ the door or someone will come in.A. closeB. closesC.

16、not closeD.closing8. _ and play football in the street after lunch.A. Lets not to goB. Lets not go C. Lets dont go D. Notlets go9. A sign with the words_ is often found in a bus.A. Not parkingB. Not smoking C. No parkingsmoking10. _ Chinese in you English class.A. Not speak B. Dont speakC. Speak not

17、speakingV）翻譯下列各句。1.咱們一起玩吧 ! _2.請(qǐng)不要遲到 !_3.回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題 !_4.別那么寫(xiě) !_5. 告訴我你的名字 ! _6.一定要勇敢 ! _7.來(lái)加入我們吧 !_8.別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 !_9.我們周日去游泳吧!_10. 禁止吸煙!_could youD. TurnisD. NoD. Dont精品文檔9歡迎下載考點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥-十感嘆句重點(diǎn):1.how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2. what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)難點(diǎn)：能夠區(qū)分由 how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句和 what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句考占.77 八、掌握以 what 和 how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的變換形式。精品文檔10歡迎下載I感嘆句定義感

18、嘆句一般是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。 英語(yǔ)感嘆句常用“what” 和“hoW引導(dǎo)，“what和“hoW與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語(yǔ)序。由“what”引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：“what”意為“多么”用作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞（被 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞 a/an ,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前 不用冠詞。這類(lèi)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是:what+(a/a n)+adj. + n. +主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)，如:What a clever girl she is!What an interesting story it is!What good childre n they are!What beau

19、tiful flowers they are!What delicious food it is!What heavy snow it is!多么大的雪呀！川 由“ hoWhoW 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句“hoW 意為“多么”，用作狀語(yǔ)，修飾形容詞或副詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分）。如果 修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞；如果 how 修飾副詞，則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用行為動(dòng)詞，這類(lèi)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是：How+ adj. （adv. ） + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ).女口：How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀！How nice the pictures are!多么漂亮的圖畫(huà)呀！How happy they lo

20、ok!他們顯得多么高興呀！How well she sin gs!她唱得多好呀！How hard they are worki ng now!他們干得多么起勁呀！川卜在表示同一意義時(shí)，英語(yǔ)感嘆既可用“ whatwhat”引導(dǎo)，也可用“ hoWhoW 引導(dǎo)。如：What a hot day it is!由“ WhafWhaf 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句多么聰明的姑娘呀！多么有趣的故事呀!他們是多么好的孩子呀! 多么漂亮的花呀！ 多么美味的食物呀！精品文檔11歡迎下載How hot the day is!/How hot a day it is! 多么熱的天氣呀！What tall build ings the

21、y are!How tall the buildi ngs are!多么高的樓房呀！What bad weather it is!How bad the weather is!多么糟糕的天氣呀！What bright sunshine it is!How bright the sunshine is!多么明亮的陽(yáng)光呀！v vk k 感嘆句在表示強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，口語(yǔ)中常常采用省略句，其 后面的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)往往略去不講。如：What a fine day! 多么晴朗的一天呀！What an hon est boy!多么誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子呀！What red apples! 多么紅的蘋(píng)果呀！How cool!好

22、涼快呀！How won derful! 精彩極了！精品文檔12歡迎下載1. It is quite a nice present.nice present!2. We have fine weather today.weather we havetoday!3. Its sunny today.sunny day it istoday!4. The childre n are worki ng hard.the childre n areworki ng!I ）將下列句子變成感嘆句精品文檔13歡。迎下載5.She played basketball wonderfully.basketball

23、!_ _ he sings!_ a _ dancer he was!_ _ _ cough Tomhas!_ _ the fish is!_ _ _ life they_ high Wu Peng jumps ！_ an interesting film it_ bright the sun is!_ interesting the book_ well he writes_ a tall tree it is!_ a fat man he is!C. What aD. How aC. How D. how a3._ interesting the film is!A. What B.What

24、 an C. How4._ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk.A. How a B. How C. What a D. What5._ hard work it is!A. How B. What6._ day it is! Its rainy again.A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fineD. What a fine7._ great day July 1th, 1997 will be!_ she played6. He is good at singing.7. He was doing well in dancin

25、g.8. Tom coughs badly.9. The fish is very lovely.10. They live a happy life today.live!11. Wu Peng jumps high!12. Its an interesting film. is ！13. The sun is bright.14. The book is very interesting.is!15. He writes English well.English ！16. Its a tall tree.17. He is a fat man.II ）選擇題。1. _ nice watch

26、 it is!A. HowB. What2. _ bright girls they are!A. WhatB. What aD. How anC. What aD. What an精品文檔14歡。迎下載A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What8._ expensive trousers!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. What an9._ girl she is!A. What bright aB. How a brightC. How bright a D. Whatbright10._ weather we have today!A. A fineB

27、. What a fineC. How a fine D. What fine11. _careless he is!A. WhatB. HowC. So muchD. How much12. _from Beijing to London!A. How long way it isB. What a long way is itC. How long way is itD. What a long way it is13. Oh, John, _ you gave us!A.how a pleasant surpriseB.how pleasant surpriseC.what a plea

28、sant surpriseD.what pleasant surprise14. _useful work they have done!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an15. _nice picture you gave me!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an16. _beautiful flowers they are！A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a17. _terrible weather it is！A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a18. _the moon cak

29、es are ！A. How deliciousB. How a deliciousC. What deliciousD. What a delicious19. _thick ice! Would you like to go skating？精品文檔15歡。迎下載A. What B. How C. What a D. How a20. -_ beautiful day it is!Lets go and have a picnic inpark.-Good idea!theA. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a21. -Kate has won the first p

30、rize in the singing competition.pleasant surprise this gave her classmates!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a22. -great man Huang Furong is!-Helost his life while saving thestudents in theYushuearthquake.A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a23.exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD

31、. What an24.wide the streets are!A. What B. HowC. What aD. How a25. - _ beautiful city!-Yes. Lots of tourists come to visit it every year.A. HowB. What C. How a D. What a26. _ good job she does! She is really a clever girl.A. What B. How C. What a D. How a27. -_ interesting talk Mr. Black gave us!-Y

32、es. We all like it very much.A. HowB. What aC. What an D. How an28. _ meeting it is!A. What a importantB. What importantC. How an importantD. What an important29. - Ive just got a postcard from my pen friend.- Let me have a look . Wow. _ nice card!精品文檔16歡。迎下載30. -_kind girl Nancy is!-Yes, she is alw

33、ays ready to help others.A. What B. What a C. HowD. How a31. -Have you seen the filmAlice in Wonderful ?-Yes. _ wonderful film it is!A. What B. What a C. HowD. How a32. -_ wonderful dictionary it is! Thank you for buying me sucha useful present.- Im glad you like it.A. What a B. What C. How aD. How3

34、3. -_ hard work you have done!-Its very kind of you to say so.A. What B. How C. What aD. How a34._happily the children are flying kites!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a35._a clever boy he is !A. What B. How C. Whats D. HowsA. WhatB. What aC. HowD. Why精品文檔17。迎下載$考點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥There be 句型與 have(has)一一F f重點(diǎn)：1. T

35、here be 句型的肯定式和否定式。2. There be 句型一般疑問(wèn)句以及特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成。3. There be 句型的就近原則。4. There be 句型和 have(has)的區(qū)別。難點(diǎn)：1. There be 句型中肯定句變否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí) some 變 any 的用法。2. There be 句型中的就近原則。考占.7八、1. 掌握 There be 句型中肯定句變否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí) some 變 any 的用法2. 掌握 There be 句型中的就近原則。3. 區(qū)分 There be 句型和 have(has)的用法。精品文檔歡迎下載IThereThere bebe

36、 句型1. 表示：在某地有某物或某人。2. 在 there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，be 動(dòng)詞用 is ;主語(yǔ)是 復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用 are ；如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最接近 be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名 詞決定。There is a book on the desk. There is some water in the glass.There are three men un der the tree . There is a bag, two books and three penson the desk.3. there be 句型的否定句在 be 動(dòng)詞后加 not，般疑問(wèn)句把

37、 be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到 句首。There is a duck in the river.否定句： There is not a duck in the river.一般疑問(wèn)句：Is there a duck in the river?4. some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否 定句或疑問(wèn)句。5. and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句 或疑問(wèn)句。6. 針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：How many +名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？How much +不可數(shù)名詞+ i

38、s there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？7. 針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Whats +Whos there+ 介詞短語(yǔ)？II就近原則當(dāng) there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要離它最 近的那個(gè)名詞一致。第一個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)就用there is,第一個(gè)名詞是復(fù)數(shù)就用there are 。女口： There is a teacher and some students in our classroom.我們教室里有一位老師和一些學(xué)生。There are some stude nts and a teacher in our classroom.我們教室里有一些學(xué)生和一位老師

39、。精品文檔19。迎下載出ThereThere bebe 句型與 have,have, hashas 區(qū)別There be 句型表示“某處有某物或某人”女口： There is a bag on the chair.Have （ has）表示“某人或某物擁有什么東西”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“所屬關(guān)系”，而且某人某物作句子的主語(yǔ)。如: I have a daughter. She has a lucky dog.I ）用恰當(dāng)?shù)?be 動(dòng)詞填空。1. There_ a lot of sweets in the box.2. There_some milk in the glass.3. There_some p

40、eople un der the big tree.4. There_ a picture and a map on the wall.5. There_ a box of rubbers n ear the books.6. There_ lots of flowers in our garde n last year.7. There_ a plate of chicke n behi nd the fridge yesterday.8. There_ four cups of coffee on the table.II ）用 have 或 has 填空。1.1_ a nice pict

41、ure.2. He_ a good friend.3. They_some kites.精品文檔20歡。迎下載4. We _ some flowers.5. She _ a duck.6. My father _ _ a new bike.7. Her mother _ _ a vase.8. Our teacher _ _ an English book.9. Our teachers _ a basketball.10. Their parents _ some story books11. Nancy _ many skirts.12. David _ some jackets.13.

42、My friends _ _ a football.14. What do you _ _ ?15. What does Mike_ ?16. What do your friends _ ?17. What does Helen _ ?18. His brother _ a basketball.19. Her sister _ _ a nice doll.20. Miss Li _ _ an English book.III ）用“ have, has”、“there is, there are ”或者“ is there, are there 填空。1. I _ a good father and a good mother.2._ a book on the desk.3. He _ a tape-recorder.4._ a basketball on the playground.5. She _ some dresses.6. They _ a nice garden.7. What do you