譯林版五年級(上冊)英語語法知識點

1、實用文檔五年級上冊英語語法知識點一、注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)：1、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用于： How manyW 面； some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three后面；these/those 后面all the后面；between后面跟一種物體時,這個物體用復(fù)數(shù)like后面are前面的人稱和名詞用復(fù)數(shù)：we/they/the children2、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)那么：1） 一般直接+s： bears, students ,2） 以 s. x. sh. ch 結(jié)尾,力口 es： bus-buses , box-boxes ,3以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,把y變?yōu)閕,再加ies :library

2、 libraries hobby-hobbies story-stories4不規(guī)貝U名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children3、不可數(shù)名詞：water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread面包, rice米飯,hair 等等.二、注意一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)；注：所有否認(rèn)句、疑問句中, 動詞都用原形.文案大全實用文檔1、肯定句中哪些情況下用第三人稱單數(shù)：俗稱：三單1人稱代詞he, she, it 作主語時；2單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語時；3單數(shù)可

3、數(shù)名詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時;4不可數(shù)名詞作主語時；5、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時,等等.2、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)那么如下：1 一般情況下,動詞后面直接加s,如：works / plays/ reads2以s, x. sh. ch 或o結(jié)尾的動詞,在后面加es.例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加es.例：study- studies fly-flies carry-carries4不規(guī)那么動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：havehas; be i

4、s三、人稱代詞、名詞所有格及序數(shù)詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格IyouhesheItweyouthey賓格meyouhimherItusyouthem物主myyourhisherItsouryourtheir文案大全實用文檔代詞我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的1、主格用來作句中的主語,用于動詞前面例：They are doctors.2、賓格用來作句中的賓語,放在動詞或介詞的后面.本冊書上出現(xiàn)的詞組：in front of her show her around push me teach you What' s wrong with him? write him a letterH

5、ere' s a Christmas card for you. Let me； chat with them on theInternet giveit_ a cake3、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞形容詞性物主代詞,之所以叫它們形容詞是由于他們 必須放在名詞前面.4、名詞所有格 作形容詞性,表示所屬關(guān)系；在人名或稱呼后加's,以s結(jié)尾的,直接加.如： mother' s, parents'5、序數(shù)詞 first-second-third-fourth 1)序數(shù)詞一般要與 the 連用；2)在某一層樓用介詞on.四、選擇和用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空1、哪些情況加動詞原形(

6、注：有to時,to跟后面的動詞原形放在同一空格)1) want to + 動詞原形2) would like to + 動詞原形 3 ) it ' stime to + 動詞原形文案大全實用文檔4)情態(tài)動詞can+動詞原形5 )助動詞(do, does , don' t, doesn' t) +動詞原形6) let+動詞原形7)祈使句中動詞用原形(如Doyourhomework, please.)8)否認(rèn)句在句首加 Don' t (如 Don' t do your homework, please)+ 動詞原形2、哪些情況加動詞ing1) like 2

7、) go 3 ) be good at 4 ) be 5)后面跟名詞,如 swimming lesson動詞+ing變化規(guī)那么如下：A、直接力口上 ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-readingB、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加上ingskate-skating make-making dance-dancinghave-having come-coming write-writingC、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞要雙寫尾字母,再加上 ing從單詞的末尾開始往前數(shù)符合“輔音-元音-輔音結(jié)構(gòu)的.(注：詞尾是w和y的除外,如：drawing, playing 等除外)

8、；run-running sit-sitting put-puttingchat-chatting文案大全實用文檔get-getting swim-swimming stop-stoppingshop-shopping3. 形容詞加名詞形名如：a beautiful girl4. 動詞加副詞動副如：swim well5. Som用口 any 用法：“some 一般用于肯定句,“any用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句.但在一些表示委婉請求,想得到對方肯定答復(fù)時也用“ some o 小技巧：末尾是句號,句中是any,那這句型是否認(rèn)句6. There be結(jié)構(gòu)就近原那么,be動詞的選擇取決于緊跟在后面的名詞數(shù) 量

9、.如：There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.7. 樂器前加 the,球類前不加 the.如：play the piano, play football8. Who當(dāng)作特殊的第三人稱 單數(shù)Who sing s well?9. 一般現(xiàn)在時構(gòu)成:1主語+beam,is,are+ 其它.2主語+行為動詞+其它.關(guān)鍵詞：always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every注：主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞加s, es或輔音+y時,把y變?yōu)閕再加es; 里:他時候動詞用原形_10. 現(xiàn)在進行

10、時關(guān)鍵詞：look, listen, now注：be動詞is am are +文案大全實用文檔動詞ing,兩者缺一不可11. and前后謂語動詞一致.指當(dāng)句子中有兩個或兩個以上的謂語動詞共用同一個主語時,一般謂語動詞的 時態(tài)保持一致.She often goes fishing and take s photos. Let ,s go and have some chicken.12. 相同意思不同用法的辨析：13. ；there is/are 和 have/hasthere is/are 表示在某地有某物或某人；表示存在；there be就近原那么；have/has表示某人有某物；表示所屬關(guān)

11、系；前面必須有主語.2） 也；too-either-alsotoo用于肯定句和疑問句句末；either用于否認(rèn)句句末；also用于句中.3者B; both-allboth用于兩者都；all用于三者及以上都.4好；good-wellgood+名詞；動詞+well .5和；with-andwith是介詞,意思是“和一起,后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格.文案大全實用文檔and是連詞,意思是“和",用and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換同義句：1. It ' s time for sth= It ' s time to do sth.該是時間了注：fo

12、r后面跟名詞；to后面跟動詞原形It ' s time for dinner.=It ' s time to have dinner.2. What time is it?=What ' s the time? 幾點呢？3. There isare no s =There isn ' t / aren ' t any 沒有4. have no - = don' t have any沒有They have no legs or arms. =They don ' t have any legs or arms.5. has no = doe

13、sn ' t have any 沒有6. I like picnics. = I like having picnics.注：like 后面跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或動名詞動詞+ing 7. show sth 某物to sb 某人=show sb 某物sth某人 向展 示.東西8. give sth某物to sb 某人尸give sb 某物sth某人 給人 東西9. What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is!多么可愛的螞蟻啊文案大全實用文檔10. That is Jan ' s umbrella.= That umbrella is Jan '

14、; s. 那是杰 的傘11. What' s wrong with him? = What ' s the matter with him? 他怎么了 ？否認(rèn)句1、有 be 動詞(am, is ,are ), be 后直接力口 not (am not/ is not=isn ' t/ are not =aren ' t);2、有 can, can 后直接力口 not (can not=can ' t);3、只有動詞,在動詞原形前加don' t;三單動詞前加doesn' t,動詞變 回原形.He does his homework.(改成否

15、認(rèn)句) He doesn' t do his homework.一般疑問句：用Yes或No答復(fù)的句子1、有be動詞,be動詞提前；2、有 can 或 would , can 或 would 提前；3、只有動詞,句首加Do/ Does,動詞用原形:注意：I ' m 變 Are you ; some 變 any; my 變 your; and 變 or .特殊疑問句：有特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句There be句型提問：1、對數(shù)量提問：文案大全實用文檔1） How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are there + 介詞短語？注：對there be后面可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時,無論主語是單數(shù)

16、還是復(fù)數(shù),都 用復(fù)數(shù)形式提問例:There are 24 classrooms in our school? / There is only one classroom in our school?對劃線局部提問How many classrooms are there in our school? 注： 上面兩句提問, 都是這句子2） How much + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +介詞短語？例：There is somemilk in the glass.對劃線局部提問How much milk is there in the glass?2、對主語提問there be 針對主語提

17、問的特殊疑問句的根本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What' s +介詞短語？注：對there be后面的主語提問時,無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),都用What' s 提問例：There are six books on the desk. / There is a book on the desk.對劃線局部提問What' s on the desk? 注：上面兩句提問,都是這句子感慨句的結(jié)構(gòu)：感慨句常用how或what來引導(dǎo)文案大全實用文檔（1） what引導(dǎo)的感慨句,最終修飾的是名詞（2） how引導(dǎo)的感慨句,最終修飾的是形容詞/副詞What a lovely ant!= How lovel

18、y the ant is!多么可愛的螞蟻?。澗€提問,疑問詞：What問什么；What colour問顏色；What time問具體時間如幾點鐘； when問范圍廣的時間；where問在哪里；How old問年齡；how many問 數(shù)量可數(shù)名詞；how much 1問數(shù)量不可數(shù)名詞,2問價錢；how about問怎樣； who問誰人；whose問誰的東西問主人； 同音詞：B bebee, C- seesea, R? are, T- tea, U- you, 、一 why, I-eye, too-two-to, four for, here hear, there their, right

19、write,sunson,noknow,pair pear, it ' s its,buybybye,hi high,wearwhere,aren ' t aunt,who' swhose,desktable,like love,近義詞或同義詞：Man廠 10tsofa lot of,tall high near beside,文案大全實用文檔too also,listen hear,look see,class lesson,glass cup, home house, beautiful pretty, usually often, hi hello, speaks

20、aytalk, riverlake,would like want, go home come home反義詞或?qū)?yīng)詞：yesno, this that, these those,herethere,go come,openclose,big small,fat thin,tall short,long short,black white,happysad,hot cold, cool warm,soft hard, onunder, in front of behind, in out, boygirl, manwoman, wrong right, down up, sit stand,e

21、asydifficult, take off 脫下 put on 穿上 完整形式：I' mI am, we ' re we are, you ' re you are, he ' she is, it ' sit is, there ' sthereis, isn ' t isnotwho' swho is,Let' slet us, I ' dI would, can' t can not, don ' t do not, doesn ' t does not 特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)： manme

22、n,woman-women,policeman policemen,文案大全實用文檔child children, footfeet,fish fish, people people, Chinese-Chinese三 單動詞 變化： 特殊的： do -does ; go-goes ; have-has ; teach teaches ; watch-watches ; wash-washes; push-pushes ; brush-brushes; catch-catches ; study - studies ; fly-flies ; 其余的直接加s.動詞變名詞：A. 一般情況下在動詞

23、后面直接加 er.teach-teacher , workworker, play player, sing singer,find finderB.以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加r.write writer, drivedriver, come comer, dance dancerC.符合重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞,先雙寫最后一個字母,再加 er.run runner, begin beginner, swim swimmerD.局部單詞在詞尾加or.visitvisitor , act actorE.本身既是動詞又是名詞.cookcook, doctor doctorCulture 板塊：U1, U2, U

24、3, U5, U6, U7.文案大全實用文檔1) . U1: Coffee is popular in Western countries. Tea is popular in China.咖啡在西方國家受歡送.茶在中國受歡送.2) . U2: In the UK, this is the ground floor. In the US, this is the first floor.在英國,這是一樓在美國,這是一樓3) . U3: You can see pandas in China. You can see baldeagles in the US.你在中國可以看到熊貓.你在美國能看到

25、禿鷹.You can see polar bears in Canada.You can seekangaroos in Australia.你在加拿大能看到北極熊.你在澳大利亞能看到袋鼠.4) . U5: In the US, we call a policeman a“cop . In the UK, wecall a firefighter a “fireman .在美國,我們稱呼警察為cop.在英國,我們稱呼消防隊員為 fireman .5) . U6: We write Chinese addresses like this.我們這樣書寫中文地址文案大全實用文檔國名一地名一人名,由大

26、到小We write English addresses like this.我們這樣書寫英文地址.人名一地名一國名,由小到大6) . U7: Basketball is very popular in the US. Football is very popular in the UK.籃球在美國很受歡送.足球在英國很受歡送.Table tennis is very popular in China.乒乓球在中國很受歡送.看國旗寫國家名：U6Sound time:U1:, Sound timeU2:Sound timeMy unde has a cold, And my cousin too

27、l The doctor comes and 5口叫 “Put on uour coats, uou two!Alice and【sing and dance, And drink some nice juice! Then we go to the cinema,實用文檔U4:U3:Sound time CiDo ljou like wearing yeHow Yellow? Yellow? Yes!1 have yellow shoes, a ljcEIo And a yellow dress!Rubber duck likes the rain, But he doesnht like sunny weather. So when the summer sun comes oui He carries an umbrella!busduck summersun.rnnbrellayear tjeHow yes you youngU6:U5：Sound time5oundtimeHigh, high in the sky, 【con see a butterfly.High, high in the 5k5 I wish I could fly!In winter, water turns tAnd sometimes