2018年江蘇高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：第4講動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

1、第4講動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)高考回眸1. Working with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.（2017 江蘇，25）A . held outB. brought outC. picked outD. given out答案 B解析 句意為：在非洲與醫(yī)療隊(duì)的合作使她作為一名醫(yī)生的最佳素質(zhì)彰顯了出來(lái)。hold out伸出，堅(jiān)持；bring out使顯現(xiàn)，使表現(xiàn)出；pick out挑選出，到?認(rèn)出；give out分發(fā)，發(fā)出。2. A quick review of successes and failures a

2、t the end of year will help your year ahead.（2017 江蘇，30）A . shapeB. switchC. stretchD. sharpen答案 A解析句意為：到了年底，快速回顧一下自己的成功和失敗，這會(huì)有助于你為未來(lái)的一年做好規(guī)劃。shape影響（某事物白勺發(fā)展），符合語(yǔ)境。switch轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變；stretch變大，拉長(zhǎng)；sharpen 使變鋒利，使增強(qiáng)。3. Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter , get married , and have kids.（2017 天津，5）A

3、 . settle downB. keep offC. get upD. cut in答案 A解析句意為：布朗夫婦希望看到女兒安頓下來(lái)（settle down）,結(jié)婚成家，生兒育女。keep off4. He did not使避開(kāi)，不接近；get up起床，站起來(lái)；cut in插嘴，打斷別人說(shuō)話。easily , but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthycause.（2016 江蘇,25）A . approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate答案 C解析 句意為：他不

4、輕易妥協(xié)，但他很樂(lè)意接受對(duì)一項(xiàng)崇高事業(yè)的任何建設(shè)性的建議。compromise妥協(xié)，符合句意。5. Many businesses started up by college students have thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation.（2016 江蘇，30）A . fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off答案 B解析 句意為：由于良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，許多大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)成功。take off成功，起飛，符合句意。fall off跌落，下降；turn off關(guān)掉；l

5、eave off停止（做）某事，戒掉，均不符合題意。6. Parents should actively urge their children to the opportunity to join sports teams.（2016 江蘇,33）A . gain admission toB. keep track ofC take advantage ofD give rise to答案 C解析 句意為：父母應(yīng)積極督促孩子抓住機(jī)會(huì)加入運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)。take advantage of利用，符合句意。gain admission to 獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入； keep track of與保持聯(lián)系； give r

6、ise to 引起，導(dǎo)致，均不符合題意。7. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than us.（2016 浙江，8）A . divideB. rejectC controlD abandon答案 A解析 句意為：當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)求同存異，而非對(duì)立分歧時(shí)，我們會(huì)收獲頗多。divide分開(kāi)；reject拒絕；control控制；abandon放棄，拋棄。根據(jù)句意可知選A。8. When their children lived far away from them , these old p

7、eople felt from the world.（2016 浙江，12）A . carried awayB. broken downC cut offD brought up答案 C解析 句意為：當(dāng)孩子們住得離他們很遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，這些老人們感覺(jué)與外界隔離了。carry away帶走，奪走；break down拋錨，垮掉；cut off切斷，隔離；bring up撫養(yǎng)，提出。 根據(jù)句意可 知選Co9. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that my

8、interest.（2016 浙江,14）A . limitedB. reservedC. reflectedD. spoiled答案 C解析句意為：當(dāng)最后決定選一門(mén)課程時(shí)，我決定申請(qǐng)那門(mén)反映我興趣的課程。reflect反映， 體現(xiàn)，符合語(yǔ)境。limit限制；reserve預(yù)訂，保留；spoil毀掉，溺愛(ài)。10. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion onthe subject.（2016 天津， 8）A . gave voice toB. kept an eye

9、onC. turned a deaf ear toD. set foot on答案 A解析句意為：瑪麗在討論初期保持了沉默，但最終還是提出了對(duì)這一話題的看法。give voiceto意為“表達(dá)對(duì) 的想法”，符合語(yǔ)境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to對(duì) 充耳不聞；set foot on進(jìn)入，參觀。11. I hate it when she calls me at work I' m always too busy to a conversation withher.（2016 天津，14）A . carry onB. break intoC.

10、 turn downD. cut off答案 A解析 句意為：我討厭工作時(shí)她給我打電話 一一我一直很忙，沒(méi)時(shí)間與她進(jìn)行談話。carry on意為“進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)"，符合語(yǔ)境。break into打斷，闖入；turn down調(diào)低，拒絕；cut off停止， 中斷。12. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to to their greatestpotential.（2015 江蘇；22）A . accelerateB. improveC performD develop答案 D解析 句意為：學(xué)

11、校應(yīng)該是鼓勵(lì)個(gè)人發(fā)展他們最大潛力的、充滿活力的地方。accelerate加速；improve 改善； perform 執(zhí)行；develop 發(fā)展。13. The university started some new language programs to the country' s Silk RoadEconomic Belt.（2015 江蘇，27）A . apply toB. cater forC appeal toD hunt for答案 B解析 句意為：大學(xué)開(kāi)始開(kāi)設(shè)一些新的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目，以迎合國(guó)家的絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶。apply to適用于，申請(qǐng)；cater for迎合，滿足所需

12、；appeal to呼吁，上訴；hunt for搜尋。14. The whole team Cristiano Ronaldo , and he seldom lets them down.（2015 江蘇，29）A . wait onB. focus onD call onC count on答案 C解析句意為：整個(gè)球隊(duì)依靠克里斯蒂亞諾羅納爾多，而他很少讓他們失望。wait on服侍，等待；focus on集中于，關(guān)注；count on依靠，指望；call on拜訪，號(hào)召，呼吁。15. Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound

13、differently.（2015 浙江,5）A . produceB. pronounceC processD download答案 C解析句意為：研究表明左右耳處理聲音的方式不同。process加工，處理，符合語(yǔ)境。produce生產(chǎn)，制作，創(chuàng)作； pronounce發(fā)音；download 下載。16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea? （2015 浙江，16）A floatB drownC shrinkD split答案 A解析句意為：如果鋼鐵比水重的話，那為什么輪船能夠浮在海面上？floa

14、t漂浮，符合語(yǔ)境。drown淹沒(méi)，（使）溺死；shrink（使）收縮，（使）縮小；split （使）裂開(kāi)，（使）破裂。17. If you come to visit China , you will a culture of amazing depth and variety.（2015 安徽，22）A . developB. createC substituteD experience答案 D解析句意為：如果你來(lái)訪問(wèn)中國(guó)，你將體驗(yàn)到有著驚人的深度和多元化的文化。develop開(kāi)發(fā)；create 創(chuàng)造；substitute 替代；experience 經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)。18. The team a

15、re working hard to the problem so that they can find the best solution.（2015 湖北，23）A . faceB. preventC raiseD analyze答案 D解析句意為：這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)正在努力分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題，以便他們能找到最好的解決方法。根據(jù)題干中的find the best solution可知，在找到最好的解決方法之前應(yīng)該是先努力“分析（analyze）”問(wèn)題。face 面對(duì)；prevent阻止；raise 提高。19. In order not to be heard , she pointed her fing

16、er upwards to that someone was movingabout upstairs.（2015 湖北，24）A . whisperB. signalC declareD complain答案 B解析 句意為：為了不讓別人聽(tīng)到自己的聲音，她豎起手指示意有人正在樓上走動(dòng)。根據(jù)題干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是豎起手指示意，并沒(méi)有出聲。 signal意為“示 意“，所以答案選 B項(xiàng)。whisper低語(yǔ)；declare宣布；complain抱怨。20. If you have any doubts about your health , you

17、' d better your doctor at once.（2015 天津，11）A . convinceB. consultC. avoidD. affect答案 B解析 句意為：如果你對(duì)自己的健康狀況有所懷疑的話，你最好馬上咨詢醫(yī)生。consult請(qǐng)教，咨詢，找（醫(yī)生）診治，符合語(yǔ)境。convince使相信，使明白；avoid避免；affect影響。難點(diǎn)突破_ ¥1 .有些動(dòng)詞，如feel, look, taste等，既可用作系動(dòng)詞，又可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，怎么判斷呢？ 系動(dòng)詞常跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞則常用副詞作狀語(yǔ)；系動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，但在表示 語(yǔ)意客氣、生動(dòng)、親切時(shí)

18、，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.這種新研制的飲料嘗起來(lái)挺獨(dú)特的。（系動(dòng)詞）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.廚師正在仔細(xì)地品嘗這條魚(yú)。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）2 . run out/run out of的區(qū)別：run out是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)通常是表示時(shí)間、食物、金錢(qián)等的名詞；run out of是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于use up,主語(yǔ)通常為人。My money ran out.我的錢(qián)花完了。I ran out of my money.我把錢(qián)花完了。3 .具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)

19、詞“熟詞生義”的考查。如下列單詞的“熟詞生義”：ache渴望；address在 上寫(xiě)地址； appreciate理解，意識(shí)至U; count有價(jià)值；cover足以支 付；develop逐漸形成；draw推斷出；escape被忘掉；fail使失望，衰退；invite招致；observe 遵守，慶祝；push督促；promise預(yù)示；part分手，放棄；read寫(xiě)著；relate講述；say假設(shè)； walk遛等。4 .常見(jiàn)的基礎(chǔ)詞匯如get, take, put, break, look, call等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)一直是高考考查的重點(diǎn)。如：If the new safety system had be

20、en put to use , the accident would never have happened. 句中 put.to use是固定搭配,意為“利用 /使用"。 As their children lived far away fromthem, these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的 cut off 意為“隔絕,隔離“。模擬演練_ ¥1. Roger trained hard for the tournament for months , but unfortunately he had to due

21、 toa knee injury.（2017 蘇北六市聯(lián)考，32）A . pull outB. work outC. try outD. give out答案 A解析 句意為：Roger為了這次錦標(biāo)賽艱苦訓(xùn)練了好幾個(gè)月，但不幸的是，由于膝傷，他不得不退出。work out計(jì)算出，鍛煉；try out試驗(yàn)，選拔；give out散發(fā)，分發(fā)，用完。pull out 退出，（使）離開(kāi)，符合語(yǔ)境，故選 A項(xiàng)。2. If you want to go further in the new sport, the best way is to and practise more frequently.（20

22、17南通' 揚(yáng)州、泰州、淮安三模， 22）A . dive inB. drop outC. catch onD. spring up答案 A解析 句意為：如果你想在這項(xiàng)新的運(yùn)動(dòng)上走得更遠(yuǎn)，最好的方法就是熱切地投入和更加頻繁地練習(xí)。dive in熱切地加入，符合句意。drop out退出，輟學(xué)；catch on流行起來(lái)；spring up 突然出現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。3. If you manage to survive the crisis, think about how it will help you new challenges.（2017 鎮(zhèn)江期末，30）A . give upB.

23、take upC. hold upD. put up答案 B解析 句意為：如果你設(shè)法在危機(jī)中幸存下來(lái)，思考一下它將如何幫助你接受新的挑戰(zhàn)。takeup接受，拿起，舉起，占據(jù)（空間或時(shí)間）,開(kāi)始從事，符合句意。give up放棄；hold up舉起， 支撐，耽擱，延誤；put up舉起，升起，設(shè)立，建造，提供彳i宿，張貼，懸掛。故選 B項(xiàng)。4 . You wouldn ' t normally these two writers ; their styles are completely different.（2017泰州中學(xué)摸底考試，27）A . distinguishB.associ

24、ateC. adjustD.divorce答案 B解析 句意為：你通常不會(huì)把這兩位作家聯(lián)系在一起，他們的風(fēng)格完全不同。associate把 聯(lián)系在一起，使有關(guān)系，符合題意。distinguish區(qū)別，區(qū)分；adjust調(diào)整，校準(zhǔn)；divorce離婚，使分離。5. Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one' s loneliness, but living alone me , for Ican play music as loud as I want.（2017 泰州中學(xué)摸底考試，30）A . caters toB. refers toC.

25、appeals toD. responds to答案 C解析 句意為：和某人共享一個(gè)公寓有助于緩解孤獨(dú)感，但獨(dú)居對(duì)我更有吸引力，因?yàn)槲铱?以將音樂(lè)播放到我想要的那樣響。appeal to sb.對(duì)某人有吸引力，符合句意。cater to款待，為服務(wù)；referto參考，指的是；respond to響應(yīng)，回應(yīng)。6. As its economy is maturing , China' s a greater role in critical issues like climate anddevelopment.（2017 南京三模,30）A . definingB. assumingC

26、 guaranteeingD assuring答案 B解析句意為：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的成熟，在像氣候和發(fā)展那樣的重要問(wèn)題上中國(guó)正在承擔(dān)更大的作用。define定義，使明確；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保；assure保證，確保。均不符合語(yǔ)境。assume承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，假定，認(rèn)為， assume a greater role承擔(dān)更大的作用，符合題意，故選 B項(xiàng)。7. The recently released film Kong : Skull Island successfully the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.（2017 南

27、京三模， 35）A . transportsB. adjustsC transformsD relates答案 A解析 句意為：最近上映的電影 金剛 骷髏島成功地用杜比三維立體技術(shù)把觀眾帶入了這次冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷中。adjust調(diào)節(jié)，適應(yīng)；transform使改觀，使變形；relate聯(lián)系，均不符合語(yǔ)境。 transport在此處表示“使產(chǎn)生身臨其境的感覺(jué) ”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選 A項(xiàng)。8. In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app , students can a particularexperiment before doi

28、ng them in a real lab.（2017 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，29）A . revealB. reserveC previewD provide答案 C解析 句意為：在用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用程序創(chuàng)設(shè)的虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中，學(xué)生們可以在真正的實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)之前預(yù)先進(jìn)行某個(gè)特定的實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù) before doing them in a real lab可知，此處指預(yù)先 進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，preview預(yù)展，預(yù)演，符合語(yǔ)境。故選 C項(xiàng)。9. The Palace of Versailles, France' s national treasure, has many changes in its cen

29、tury-long history while keeping its beauty.（2017 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，23）A . gone throughB. taken onC. led toD. showed off答案 A解析 句意為：凡爾賽宮，法國(guó)的國(guó)寶，在它一個(gè)世紀(jì)的歷史中，經(jīng)歷了許多變化卻依然美麗。take on呈現(xiàn)，接納；lead to導(dǎo)致；show off炫耀。go through經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受，此處注意動(dòng)賓 搭配，go through changes經(jīng)歷變化，符合語(yǔ)境，故選 A項(xiàng)。10. Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition , publ

30、ications on classical Chinese literature are a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.（2017 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，31）A . taking upB. dividing upC breaking upD putting up答案 A解析 句意為：得益于中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)節(jié)目的播出，有關(guān)中國(guó)經(jīng)典文學(xué)的出版物占據(jù)了書(shū)店存儲(chǔ)空間的重要位置。take up占據(jù)；divide up分割；break up解散；put up提出。根據(jù)句 意可知，答案為Ao11. Friendship does not

31、 merely a sharing of activities ; it is a sharing of self on a verypersonal level.（2017 蘇州調(diào)研，23）A . involveB. requestC associateD deliver答案 A解析 句意為：友誼并不僅僅包含一起參加活動(dòng)；它還是一種從非常個(gè)人的角度對(duì)自我的分享。invoke包含，需要，使成為必然部分（或結(jié)果），符合句意。request要求，t#求；associate聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想；deliver遞送，運(yùn)送，發(fā)表（講話），接生。12. I think the experiment supports

32、 my theory , but I need to the results a couple of timesto make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.（2017 蘇州調(diào)研， 27）A . get overB. take overC hand overD go over答案 D解析 句意為：我認(rèn)為這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)支持我的理論，但是我需要仔細(xì)檢查幾次結(jié)果以確保在收集數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有犯錯(cuò)。go over仔細(xì)檢查，溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)，符合句意。get over克服，戰(zhàn)勝，恢復(fù)；take over接收，接管，控制；hand ov

33、er交給，遞給，移交。13. 一I regret to tell you that the council did not our plan.一 Oh, what a shame! （2017 南京、鹽城一模，29）A . smile onB. concentrate onC see throughD live through答案 A解析句意為:我遺憾地告訴你委員會(huì)不贊同我們的計(jì)劃。哦，真可惜！ smile on對(duì)加以稱(chēng)贊，對(duì) 青睞，符合句意。concentrate on專(zhuān)心于，集中精力在 上；see through看穿，識(shí)破；live through經(jīng)歷過(guò)，經(jīng)受住，經(jīng)歷 而幸存。14. Th

34、e computer program of the 1970s was unable to between letters and numbers.（2017 南通一模，31）A . discriminateB. concludeC negotiateD compensate答案 A解析句意為：20世紀(jì)70年代的電腦程序無(wú)法區(qū)分字母和數(shù)字。discriminate歧視，區(qū)別，辨另1J; conclude 斷定，結(jié)束；negotiate 協(xié)商，談判；compensate 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償。discriminate between letters and numbers區(qū)分字母和數(shù)字，符合題意，故選 A

35、項(xiàng)。15. He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.-Yes, but he didn ' t.（2017 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模，25）A . make his wayB. get his wayC give his wayD feel his way答案 B解析句意為：一一他本可以對(duì)我們施加壓力來(lái)采納他的提議。一一是的，但是他并沒(méi)有為所欲為。make one' s way 前進(jìn)，行進(jìn)；get one' s way 隨心所欲，為所欲為； 沒(méi)有 give one' s way這種形式，只有 give way to "給讓路，被所取代“；feel one' s way摸索著前進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意選B項(xiàng)。16. A recent research shows smoking and drinking with your body ' s ability to processoxygen, thus greatly affecting your health.（2016 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，27）A . identifyB. corre