趙州橋英漢雙語

1、簡(jiǎn)介Brief introduction趙州橋又稱安濟(jì)橋(宋哲宗賜名，意為 安渡濟(jì)民”)，在河北省省會(huì)石家莊東南約四 十多公里趙縣城南2.6公里處，它橫跨汶水南北兩岸，建于隋朝大業(yè)元年至十一年(605 616),由匠師李春監(jiān)造。距今已有1400年的歷史。因橋體全部用石料建成，俗稱大石橋”。時(shí)隔約1397年(也有些資料為大約700年)，歐洲才建成類似的石拱橋。1Zhaozhou bridge is also called AnJi bridge (Song Zhezong given name, meaning "clam people"),its across Xiao n

2、orth and south on both sides of the water, it was built in the sui dynasty of the first year to eleven years (605-616), by the craftsman fang hj supervisor.A history of 1400 years ago.All because of the bridge built with stone, commonly known as "in".About 1397 years (some data for about 7

3、00 years), Europe to build a similar bridge.該橋是一座空腹式的圓弧形石拱橋，是世界上現(xiàn)存最早、保存最好的巨大石拱橋。趙 州橋是入選世界紀(jì)錄協(xié)會(huì)世界最早的敞肩石拱橋，創(chuàng)造了世界之最。河北民間將趙州橋與滄州鐵獅子、定州開元寺塔、正定隆興寺菩薩像并稱為華北四寶”。The bridge is a hollow circular stone bridge, is the world's oldest and best preserved large stone bridge.Zhaozhou bridge is to be included in th

4、e world record for the association between the world's first open shoulder arch, created the most of the world.Hebei folk called zhaozhou bridge and cangzhou iron lion, dingzhou kaiyuan temple tower ,zhengding longxing tower the statue of pusa as and referred to as the "treasures" of n

5、orth China.橋長(zhǎng)50.82米，跨徑37.02米，券高7.23米，兩端寬9.6米，橋的設(shè)計(jì)完全合乎科學(xué)原理， 施工技術(shù)更是巧妙絕倫。唐朝的張嘉貞說它制造奇特，人不知其所以為這座橋的特點(diǎn)是： (一)全橋只有一個(gè)大拱，長(zhǎng)達(dá) 37.4米，在當(dāng)時(shí)可算是世界上最長(zhǎng)的石拱。橋洞不是普通 半圓形，而是像一張弓，因而大拱上面的道路沒有陡坡，便于車馬上下。(二)大拱的兩肩上，各有兩個(gè)小拱。這是創(chuàng)造性的設(shè)計(jì)，不但節(jié)約了石料，減輕了橋身的重量，而且在河水 暴漲的時(shí)候，還可以增加橋洞的過水量，減輕洪水對(duì)橋身的沖擊。同時(shí)，拱上加拱，橋身也 更美觀。(三)大拱由28道拱圈拼成，就像這么多同樣形狀的弓合龍?jiān)谝黄?，?/p>

6、成了一個(gè)弧形的橋洞。每道拱圈都能獨(dú)立支撐上面的重量，一道壞了，其他各道不致受到影響中央拱是由28個(gè)薄，彎曲的石灰?guī)r石板與鐵相吻合。這允許拱支持適應(yīng)變化，甚至可以防止橋倒塌當(dāng)拱的一段休息時(shí)間。The Bridge is 50.82 meters long,stretch across 37.02 meters, the arch is 7.23 meters high, 9.6 meters wide on both ends, the design of the bridge completely Conform to the scientific principle, constructio

7、n technology is more artifice .The tang dynasty Zhang Jiazhen said it "fancy, people do not know its so as".The characteristics of the bridge is : one: (a) the whole bridge only has one arch, up to 37.4 meters long, can be regarded as the world's longest stone arch at that time. The br

8、idge opening is not ordinary semi-circle, it is like a bow, so above the great arch the road without a steep slope, is convenient for the horses and chariots went up and down.(2) on the two shoulder of the arch, The bridge has two small side arches on either side of the main arch.This is a creative

9、design, not only save the stone, reduce the weight of the bridge, and at the time of the river flood, the design also can increase flux of the water, reduce flooding on the impact of the bridge.At the same time, the arch with arch, the bridge become more beautiful.(3) the big arch is made by 28 arch

10、 ring , like so much bow in the same shape closure together, made a arc aperture of bridge each arch ring can sustain the weight of the above, if one of them broken it does not affect the others work. The central arch is made of 28 thin, curved limestone slabs which are joined with iron dovetails. T

11、his allows the arch to adjust to shifts in its supports, and prevents the bridge from collapsing even when a segment of the arch breaks.(四)全橋結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱，和四周景色配合得十分和諧；橋上的石欄石板也雕刻得古樸美 觀。趙州橋高度的技術(shù)水平和不朽的藝術(shù)價(jià)值，充分顯示出了我國勞動(dòng)人民的智慧和力量。 橋的主要設(shè)計(jì)者李春就是一位杰出的工匠，在橋頭的碑文里在拱圈兩肩各設(shè)有二個(gè)跨度不等的小拱，即敞肩拱，這是世界造橋史的一個(gè)創(chuàng)造(沒有小拱的稱為滿肩或?qū)嵓缧?，這就使 其比實(shí)肩

12、拱顯得空秀靈麗，既能減輕橋身自重，節(jié)省材料，又便于人類活動(dòng)、增加美觀，趙 州橋的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思和工藝的精巧，不僅在我國古橋是首屈一指，據(jù)世界橋梁的考證，像這樣的敞肩拱橋，歐洲到19世紀(jì)中期才出現(xiàn)，比我國晚了一千二百多年。(4) the structure of the whole bridge is symmetry, is harmony with the scenery around ;The bridge carved boulder fence is simplicity and beautiful like.Zhaozhou bridge which has a high degree o

13、f technical level and great artistic value, fully shows the people's wisdom and strength of our country.The main designer Chun Li is an outstanding craftsman, in the inscription of the bridge in the arch ring shoulders with two small arch, namely a open-spandrel bridge, this is one of the most c

14、reative design of the world bridge history (no small arch is called a full shoulder or solid shoulder type), which can not only reduce bridge weight, saving material, and convenient for human activities, increase the aesthetics, the design concept and the technology of the zhaozhou bridge is exquisi

15、te, not only is second to none in our ancient country bridge , according to the world ' bridge history textual research, the world's open shoulder arch bridge like this ,haven ' t appeared until the middle of the 19th century in Europe, is later than our country for over one thousand two

16、 hundred years2、結(jié)構(gòu)根基1979年5月，由中國科學(xué)院自然史組等四個(gè)單位組成聯(lián)合調(diào)查組，對(duì)趙州橋的橋基進(jìn) 行了調(diào)查，自重為 2800噸的趙州橋，而它的根基只是有五層石條砌成高1.56米的橋臺(tái)，直接建在自然砂石上。這么淺的橋基簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信，梁思成先生1933年考察時(shí)還認(rèn)為這只是防水流沖刷而用的金剛墻，而不是承納橋券全部荷載的基礎(chǔ)。他在報(bào)告中寫道：2.structure rootsIn May 1979, a investigation team which is grouped by the natural history of the Chinese academy of s

17、ciences and other three organization , they made a investigation for the zhaozhou bridge pier.The weight of the zhaozhou bridge is 2800 tons , and the foundation of it is just made of five layer stone into a 1.56 meters high abutment, built on the natural sand and stone.the bridge foundation is so s

18、hallow that is so incredible, when Sicheng Liang is investigate in 1933 also think it's just the wall of king kong which prevent the current scour , but not the foundation undertake the full load of the bridge .He wrote in a report:為要實(shí)測(cè)券基，我們?cè)诒泵嫒_下發(fā)掘，但在現(xiàn)在河床下約70-81厘米，即發(fā)現(xiàn)承在券下平置的石壁。石共五層，共高 1.58米，每層較

19、上 一層稍出臺(tái)，下面并無堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)， 分明只是防水流沖刷而用的金剛墻，而非承納橋券全部荷載的基礎(chǔ)。因再下30-40厘米便即見水，所以除非大規(guī)模的發(fā)掘，實(shí)無法到達(dá)我們據(jù)學(xué)理推測(cè)的大座橋基的位置?！盜n order to test foundation, we excavated at the foot of the north foundation , but under the river bed now about 70-81 cm, which found that the stone walls laid under the arch. A total of five stone, a

20、total of 1.58 meters high, each layer on - a little higher than the last, there is no solid foundation, it's just the wall of king kong which prevent the current scour , but not the foundation undertake the full load of the bridge . For the next 30 to 40 cm becomes see water again, so unless lar

21、ge-scale excavation, we cannot reach the big bridge foundation position according to our major knowledge ."中國橋梁學(xué)家茅以升的中國石拱橋中也提到。趙州橋建于公元605年距今1400多年，經(jīng)歷了 10次水災(zāi)，8次戰(zhàn)亂和多次地震，特別是1966年3月8日邢臺(tái)發(fā)生7.6級(jí)地震，趙州橋距離震中只有40多公里，都沒有被破壞，著名橋梁專家茅以升說，先不管橋的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，僅就它能夠存在1400多年就說明了一切。1963年的水災(zāi)大水淹到橋拱的龍嘴處，據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐睦先苏f，站在橋上都能感覺橋身很大的晃

22、動(dòng)。據(jù)記載，趙州橋自建成至今共修繕9次。China bridge expert Mao Yisheng is also mentioned in his book"Chinese stone arch bridge". Zhaozhou bridge was built in 605 AD, 1400 years ago, has experienced 10 times floods, eight wars and earthquakes for many times, especially on March 8, 1966, a magnitude 7.6 earthq

23、uake in xingtai, the zhaozhou bridge is only 40 kilometers away from the quake epicenter, are not destroyed.Well-known bridge expert MAO yisheng said, regardless of the internal structure of the bridge, it can improve everything just by it have exist for over 1400 years.The flood in 1963 flooding to

24、 the bridge arch mouth of the dragon, according to the local old man said, " standing on the bridge can feel great shaking ." According to the record, the zhaozhou bridge only repair for nine times since build up.拱形趙州橋的拱用于跨度比較小的橋梁比較合適，而大跨度的橋梁選用半圓形拱，就會(huì)使拱頂很高，造成橋高坡陡、車馬行人過橋非常不便。二是施工不利，半圓形拱石砌石用

25、的腳 手架就會(huì)很高，增加施工的危險(xiǎn)性。為此，李春和工匠們一起創(chuàng)造性地采用了圓弧拱形式， 使石拱高度大大降低。趙州橋的主孔凈跨度為37.02米，而拱高只有7.23米，拱高和跨度之比為1: 5左右，這樣就實(shí)現(xiàn)了低橋面和大跨度的雙重目的，橋面過渡平穩(wěn)，車輛行人非常方便，而且還具有用料省、施工方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然圓弧形拱對(duì)兩端橋基的推力相應(yīng)增大，需要對(duì)橋基的施工提出更高的要求。archArch bridge is suitable for the bridge which span is small, and large span bridge is often chose semi-circle arc

26、h , makes the vault is very high, the bridge high and grade is high, so is very inconvenience and not safe for the horses and pedestrian go on the bridge. Secondly, it isn 'good for the construction, the semicircle arch stone with a high scaffold, increase the risk of construction. Therefore, Ch

27、un Li and the craftsmen get together creatively adopted the form of circular arch, which can reduced the height of the arch greatly. Zhaozhou bridge, the main hole span of 37.02 meters, and the arch is only 7.23 meters high, arch height and span ratio is about 1:5, thus to realize the low deck and t

28、he double purpose of large span, not only make the slope more gentle, traffic is very convenient, but also has the advantages of save materials, convenient for construction.Of course circular arch have larger thrust on both ends of the bridge foundation, need to put forward higher requirements to th

29、e construction of bridge foundation.敞肩是李春對(duì)拱肩進(jìn)行的重大改進(jìn)，把以往橋梁建筑中采用的實(shí)肩拱改為敞肩拱，即在大 拱兩端各設(shè)兩個(gè)小拱，靠近大拱腳的小拱凈跨為3. 8米，另一拱的凈跨為2.8米。這種大拱加小拱的敞肩拱具有優(yōu)異的技術(shù)性能，首先，可以增加泄洪能力，減輕拱可洪水季節(jié)由于水量增加而產(chǎn)生的洪水對(duì)橋的沖擊力。古代佼河每逢汛期，水勢(shì)較大，對(duì)橋的泄洪能力是個(gè)考驗(yàn)，四個(gè)小拱就可以分擔(dān)部分洪流。據(jù)計(jì)算四個(gè)小拱增加過水面積16%左右，大大降低洪水對(duì)大橋的影響，提高大橋的安全性。Open-spandrelthe open-spandrel is a special

30、improvement on spandrel which is Chun Li gave, change the traditional full-spandrel arch to the open-spandrel arch, is to set two small arch on the both end of the big arch ,the one which near the big arch ' foot spans 3.8 meters, another arch spans 2.8 meters. The open-spandrel which is big arc

31、h plus small arch has excellent technical performance, first of all, can increase the capacity of reduce the flood, reduce the force that the flood give the bridge arch in rainy season. In acient river Jiao ,during flood season, the force of the water is very big, is a test for the bridge, four smal

32、l arch can share part of the flood.it is calculated that, four small arch increase the water area is about 16%, greatly reduce the effects of the flooding on the bridge, and improve the safety of the bridge.其次，敞肩拱比實(shí)肩拱可節(jié)省大量土石材料，減輕橋身的自重。據(jù)計(jì)算四個(gè)小拱可以 節(jié)省石料26立方米，減輕自身重量 700噸，從而減少橋身對(duì)橋臺(tái)和橋基的垂直壓力和水平 推力，增加橋梁的穩(wěn)固。第

33、三、增加了造型的優(yōu)美，四個(gè)小拱均衡對(duì)稱，大拱與小拱構(gòu)成一 幅完整的圖畫，顯得更加輕巧秀麗，體現(xiàn)建筑和藝術(shù)的完整統(tǒng)一。第四、符合結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)理論， 敞肩拱式結(jié)構(gòu)在承載時(shí)使橋梁處于有利的狀況，可減少主拱圈的變形，提高了橋梁的承載力和穩(wěn)定性。Second, open-spandrel arch can save a lot of stone material compare to a full-spandrel arch, and also reduce the weight of a bridge. It is calculated that four small arch can save ston

34、e 26 cubic meters, reducing its weight of 700 tons, thus reducing the vertical stress and horizontal thrust to the bridge abutment and the bridge foundation , make the bridge firmer. Third, increase the beauty of the bridge, four small arch is symmetrical, the big arch and small arch form a complete

35、 picture, looks more beautiful and light, reflect associative perception of the architecture art . Fourth, accord with the theory of structural mechanics, open-spandrel arch structure make the bridge in favorable conditions, can reduce the deformation of the main arch ring, can improve the bearing c

36、apacity and stability of the bridge.單孔中國古代的傳統(tǒng)建筑方法，一般比較長(zhǎng)的橋梁往往采用多孔形式，這樣每孔的跨度小、 坡度平緩，便于修建。但是多孔橋也有缺點(diǎn)，如橋墩多，既不利于舟船航行，也妨礙洪水宣 泄；橋墩長(zhǎng)期受水流沖擊、侵蝕，天長(zhǎng)日久容易塌毀。因此，李春在設(shè)計(jì)大橋的時(shí)候，采取 了單孔長(zhǎng)跨的形式，河心不立橋墩，使石拱跨徑長(zhǎng)達(dá)37米之多。這是中國橋梁史上的空前創(chuàng)舉。A single bridge openingUse ancient Chinese traditional building method, generally, longer Bridges

37、often take the form of many opening, so that each the span of each arch is small, gentle slope, convenient for construction.But many opening bridge also has disadvantages, such as have more bridge pier, is not convenience to sailing boat, also prevent floods; Bridge pier is impacted and erosion by t

38、he water for a long time, disrepair over easily. Therefore, while Chun Li the design of the bridge, take the form of single span long span, don ' set a pier in the middle of the river , make stone arch span more than 37 meters .This is unprecedented design in the history of Chinese bridge.3、建筑原理

39、趙州橋橋址選擇比較合理，使橋基穩(wěn)固牢靠李春根據(jù)自己多年豐富的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格周密勘查、比較，選擇了汶河兩岸較為 平直的地方建橋。這里的地層是由河水沖積而成，地層表面是久經(jīng)水流沖涮的粗砂層，以下是細(xì)石、粗石、細(xì)砂和粘土層。根據(jù)現(xiàn)代測(cè)算，這里的地層每平方厘米能夠承受4.5到6.6公斤的壓力，而趙州橋?qū)Φ孛娴膲毫槊科椒嚼迕?6公斤，能夠滿足大橋的要求。選定橋址后在上面建造地基和橋臺(tái)。建橋歷經(jīng)1400年，橋基僅下沉了 5厘米，說明這里的地層非常適合于建橋。3 construction principleThe zhaozhou bridge located in a most suitable l

40、ocation , make the bridge foundation solid Chun Li according to his rich practical experience of many years , made many strict careful exploration and comparison, choose a place that relatively flat on both sides of the Xiao river .The formation is composed of the river alluvial here, the surface is

41、 the coarse sand under the water washing, the following is a fine stone, coarse stone, fine sand and clay floors. According to the modern measurement, the stratum can bear 4.5-6.6kg per square centimeter , and the ground pressure of zhaozhou bridge for 5-6 kg per square centimeter, can satisfy the r

42、equirements of the bridge . After selected the bridge location, than built the foundation and abutment . After 1400 years, the subsidence of the bridge foundation is only 5 cm,It is explain that the stratum of there is very suitable to built a bridge here.趙州橋的砌置方法新穎、施工修理方便李春就地取材，選用附近州縣生產(chǎn)的質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬的青灰色砂石作

43、為建橋石料。在石拱砌置方法上，均采用了縱向（順橋方向）砌置方法，就是整個(gè)大橋是由28道各自獨(dú)立的拱券沿寬度方向并列組合而成；拱厚皆為 1.03米，每券各自獨(dú)立、單獨(dú)操作，相當(dāng)靈活。每券 砌完全合攏后就成一道獨(dú)立拼券砌完一道供券，移動(dòng)承擔(dān)重量的鷹架”，再砌另一道相鄰拱。這種砌法有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，它既可以節(jié)省制作鷹架”所用的木材，便于移動(dòng)，同時(shí)又利于橋的維修，一道拱券的石塊損壞了，只要嵌入新石，進(jìn)行局部修整就行了，而不必對(duì)整個(gè)橋進(jìn)行調(diào)整。三）在保持大橋穩(wěn)定性方面采取了許多嚴(yán)密措施為了加強(qiáng)各道拱券間的橫向聯(lián)系，使28道拱組成一個(gè)有機(jī)整體，連接緊密牢固，李春采取了一系列技術(shù)措施。The masonry me

44、thod of the Zhaozhou bridge is novel, repair, construction is convenient Chun Li choose local materials, choose hard green gray sandstone produced in nearby counties as the bridge stone. The masonry method of the stone arch adopt the longitudinal masonry method (along the direction of the bridge), T

45、hat is the whole bridge is composed of 28 separate arch along the width direction in parallel combination ;The arch is 1.03 meters thick, every arch are independent and separate operation, each arch is quite flexible .Each arch was built by laying bricks or stones after fold it into a completely ind

46、ependent arch laid , move the "scaffolding" which is use to bear weight, and moson other arch.This kind of build by method has many advantages, it can save the wood used in the making "scaffolding", easy to move, and also benefit for the maintenance of the bridge. If the stone of

47、 the arch damaged, just embedded in the new stone, trimming locally, rather than having to adjust the whole bridge.3) in keeping the stability of the bridge, has taken many measures in order to strengthen the horizontal linkages between arches, 28 arches that make up a whole bridge, compact connecti

48、on , Chun Li has adopted a series of technical measures.1、每一拱券采用了下寬上窄、略有 收分”的方法，使每個(gè)拱券向里傾斜，相互擠靠， 增強(qiáng)其橫向聯(lián)系，以防止拱石向外傾倒；在橋的寬度上也采用了少量收分”的辦法，就是從橋的兩端到橋頂逐漸收縮寬度，從最寬9.6米收縮到9米，以加強(qiáng)大橋的穩(wěn)定性。1, each arch used wide and narrow, slightly "closed" method, to make every arch tilt inside, crowded on each other, e

49、nhance its lateral connection, in order to prevent the stone dumping outward; on the width of the bridge also use the method of "closed", is shrink width gradually from the ends of the bridge to the top of the bridge, from the widest 9.6 meters to the narrowest 9 meters wide ,in order to s

50、trengthen the stability of the bridge.2、在主券上均勻沿橋?qū)挿较蛟O(shè)置了5個(gè)鐵拉桿，穿過28道拱券，每個(gè)拉桿的兩端有半圓形桿頭露在石外，以夾住 28道拱券，增強(qiáng)其橫向聯(lián)系。在 4個(gè)小拱上也各有一根鐵拉 桿起同樣作用。2, On the main arch on width direction along the bridge set up five iron stick symmetrically, through the 28 arch, at both ends of each stick it has the semicircular rod outs

51、ide the stone, to grip the 28 arch, enhance its horizontal contact. On the four small arch also have the same iron rod effect on a same effection.3、在靠外側(cè)的幾道拱石上和兩端小拱上蓋有護(hù)拱石一層，以保護(hù)拱石；在護(hù)拱石的兩 側(cè)設(shè)有勾石6塊，勾住主拱石使其連接牢固。3, on the outside of a few voussoir and small arch on both ends with a storey protection layer

52、stone , in order to protect the arches; On both sides of the protection of voussoir sets 6 block of stone that has hook on it, the hook makes the arches connection is firm.4、為了使相鄰拱石緊緊貼合在一起，在兩側(cè)外券相鄰拱石之間都穿有起連接作用的腰鐵”，各道券之間的相鄰石塊也都在拱背穿有腰鐵”，把拱石連鎖起來。而且每塊拱石的側(cè)面都鑿有細(xì)密斜紋，以增大摩擦力，加強(qiáng)各券橫向聯(lián)系。這些措施的采取使整個(gè)大橋連成一 個(gè)緊密整體，增強(qiáng)了

53、整個(gè)大橋的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。4, In order to make the adjacent voussoir joint together tightly, between the adjacent arches outside on both sides of the arches are in connection with the function of "waist iron", the adjacent stones between every arch are also has the “ waistron " oneir back arch , ch

54、ain up the voussoir. And one side of each piece of voussoir have chiseled fine twill, to increase the force friction, strengthen the horizontal linkages. The measures make the whole bridge together as a whole entirety , enhance the stability and reliability of the whole bridge.平拱即扁弧形拱的形式， 既增加了橋的穩(wěn)定性和

55、承重能力，又方便了人畜在橋上通行。The form of a flat arch is flat curved arch, it can increase the stability and bearing capacity of the bridge, and convenient for people and animals walk on the bridge.4三絕券”小于半圓Quiet 4"arch" less than semi-circle中國習(xí)慣上把弧形的橋洞、門洞之類的建筑叫做 券”。一般石橋的券，大都是半圓形。 但趙州橋跨度很大，從這一頭到那一頭有37.

56、04米。如果把券修成半圓形，那橋洞就要高18.52米。這樣車馬行人過橋，就好比越過一座小山，非常費(fèi)勁。趙州橋的券是小于半圓的一段弧， 這既減低了橋的高度，減少了修橋的石料與人工，又使橋體非常美觀，很像天上的長(zhǎng)虹。Chinese is use to called the arc-shaped bridge opening and door opening as "arch". The arch of general stone bridge, mostly are semicircle. But the zhaozhou bridge span is very big, fr

57、om end to end is 37.04 meters. If the made the arch into semicircle, the bridge opening will be 18.52 m high .Such horses and chariots, pedestrian went through the bridge, is just like over a hill, is very difficult . The arch of the Zhaozhou bridge, is less than half of an arc, not only can reduce

58、the height of the bridge, but also saved stone and labour, made the bridge is very beautiful, like a long rainbow in the sky.在主拱券的上邊兩端又各加設(shè)了二個(gè)小拱，一，可節(jié)省材料，二，減少橋身自重(減 少自重15%),而且能增加橋下河水的泄流量。三，使橋身更加美觀。On top of the main arch ends added two small arch, first, can save material, second, reduce the bridge we

59、ight (reducing weight of 15%), and can increase the discharge of water under the bridge.Third make the bridge is more beautiful.撞”空而不實(shí)"Bump" empty and not full券的兩肩叫 撞”。一般石橋的撞都用石料砌實(shí)，但趙州橋的撞沒有砌實(shí)，而是在券的 兩肩各砌一兩個(gè)弧形的小券。這樣橋體增加了四個(gè)小券，大約節(jié)省了一百八十立方米石料， 使橋的重量減輕了大約500噸。而且，當(dāng)汶河漲水時(shí)，一部分水可以從小券往下流，既可以使水流暢通，又減少了洪水對(duì)橋的沖擊，保證了橋的安全。The shoulders of arch called " zhuang '： general Stone bridge zhuang are commonly used stone build by laying bricks or stones, but the zhaozhou bridge ' zhuang haven ' tbuild by laying bricks or stone