初中階段不定式總結(jié)及習(xí)題及答案

1、unit 1-3 語法 -不定式 to do1不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式指通常由 to 加上動(dòng)詞原形 （如 to write） 所構(gòu)成的一種動(dòng)詞形式，但 在有些情況下 to 可以省略。所有的主動(dòng)詞，不論是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞， 都有不定式形式。沒有不定式形式。動(dòng)詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、 表語、定語和狀語。2不定式的用法1）不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語1. Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago2. To fi

2、nish that task in such a short time is really a challenge 在上述情況下，如果不定式較長(zhǎng)，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語（形式主語 it 不可由 that 或 this 等其他代詞代替 ），而將不定式放到后面。如:1.lt made him extremely happy to get con tact with his family in Taiwa n since they separated more than 40 years ago2. John admitted that it is always difficult f

3、or him to be on time 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語，通?？梢酝ㄟ^ for sb. to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：如： 1.lt is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2. lt is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容詞 （如 careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty, nic

4、e, silly , stupid等）作表語時(shí)，不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主 語：1.lt is very kind of you to tell me the truth2.lt is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2）不定式作賓語不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶 to 的不定式， 另一種是 “及 物動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。及物動(dòng)詞 +帶 to 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) :只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞， 常見的有 : afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe， care，claim，decide de

5、mand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake， want， wish 等。1. He managed to solve the complicated problem.2. The stranger offered to show me the way.3. Mr. Smith undertook to build a new p

6、lant in South Africa.動(dòng)詞 +疑問代 （副）詞+不定式：這類動(dòng)詞常見的有 advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see regard初中英語語法總結(jié)，remember， teach, tell， understand, wonder等。常見的疑問代（副）詞有：what， when，where, which， how， whether等。1. He does not know when to start.2. You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3

7、.l will show you how to deal with it.有時(shí)，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：動(dòng)詞（如 find， think， consider，feel 等）+it+ 形容詞 + 不定式。I.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2. We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o' clock.3）不定式做表語一種情況為主語是不定式（表示條件）;表語是不定式（表示結(jié)果）:1. To see is

8、to believe.2. To work means to earn a livi ng另一種情況為主語是以 aim，duty，hope, idea, job， plan, problem， purpose, thing，wish等名詞為中心的短語，或以 what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語對(duì) 主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用：；例如：1. His aim is to study abroad in the n ear future2. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price3. What I want to s

9、ay is to forget all the un happy experie nee4）不定式作定語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語主要有三種類型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語。例如：1. There was really nothing to fear2. He gave me an in terest ing book to read如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：1. Mary n eeds a frie nd to play with.2. That girl has nothing to worry about.3. They have a stric

10、t teacher to liste n to4. Although the film had been on for ten minutes I still was not able to find a chair to sit on.第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語；例如：1. Have you got a key to uni ock the door?2. The acti on to be take n is correct3. There is nothing to be gained by prete nding第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞通常是

11、表示企圖、努 力、傾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意義的名詞：ability， attempt, effort， impulse， inclination , wish 等。例如：I. Her daughter will make an eve n bigger effort to please her2.1 have no wishto quarrel withyou.3. Neither of them had any in cli nati on to do bus in ess with Mary.5）不定式作狀語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語從句。例如作原因狀語

12、：1. They are quite surprised to see the great cha nges tak ing place in the area2. They are quite surprised because they see the great cha nges tak ing place in the area3. He was lucky to arrive before dark4. He was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的狀語：I.She raised her voice to be heared better

13、2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better3. We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4. We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam作結(jié)果狀語：1. The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians2. The French football team played so successfully

14、that they eve n defeated the Brazilia ns.3. He got to the stati on only to be told the train had gone4. He got to the station and was told that the train had gone 不帶to的不定式的使用動(dòng)詞不定式通常帶to,但在有些搭配中不帶to,在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶 to。歸納起來，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：1) 在 can/could, /may/might, will /would, shall/should, must, need

15、, dare等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。2) 在表示感覺意義的動(dòng)詞，如see初中英語語法總結(jié)，feel, watch, notice, smell, hear, observe等后，或是表示 致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，如have, let, make等后，動(dòng) 詞不定式不帶to。例如：1.1 often heard him say that he would study hard2.1 must have him see his own mistakes但是，當(dāng)這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶 to不例如：1. He was ofte n heard to say th

16、at he would study hard2. After he had finished speaking he was made to answer innumerable questions3) 在動(dòng)詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。例如：1. Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在 had bette, would rather, may/might as well, rather than, can not but等搭配之后初中英語語法總結(jié)，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to。例如：1. Unless you fee

17、l to ill to go out, I would rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5) 在 make do, make believe, let drop, 1et fall, 1et fly, let slip, let drive, let go off, hear say hear tell , leave go of等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例 如：1. They let go of the rope.他們松開了繩子。2. John l

18、et fly a torrent of abuse at me 約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。3.I've heard tell of him .我聽說過他。4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students 由于生源不足，一些教職 員工被解雇了。6) 在介詞but初中英語語法總結(jié)初中英語語法總結(jié)，except之后，如果其前有動(dòng) 詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示不得不，只 能”例如：1. He will do anything except work on the farm.2. There was

19、 nothing left for the en emy to do but surre nder3. The spy was both hungry and cold there was nothing left for him but to give in.4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining.下面一些短語是固定搭配，不帶 to：can not help but，can not choose bu，t can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can n

20、ot but admire his courage. 如果上述句中有 do，to 省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night 如果是下面一個(gè)固定搭配，就帶 to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7）緊跟在why或why not之后的動(dòng)詞不定式總是不帶to。但是，緊跟在who,what, which, whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you don't unders

21、tand the meaning?You needn't decide yet whether to study arts or science4不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前加not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again2. Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out動(dòng)詞不定式練習(xí)一 . 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句,使兩句意思相近或相同,每空一詞。1. He was so angry that he couldn't say anything.He was

22、too angry anything.2. I don 't know when we will have the meeting.I don 't know when the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter .4. That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very important you English in the morning.5. He was so strong th

23、at he could lift the stone. （石頭）He was strong the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing his holiday.7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.They got up early there in time.8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided

24、 the book.9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes the Great Wall.10.I saw him go into the room.He was seen into the room.11. We made him work five hours a day.He was made five hours a day.12. Do you want to say anything for yourself?Do you have anything for yourself?13. We don ' t

25、know what we shall do next. We don' t know what next.14.I m'very sorry on hearing the bad news.I ' m very sorry the bad news.15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped a look at me.16.I helped him with his English.I helped him English.17. My father promised （許諾） that he would buy me

26、a bike. My father promised me a bike.18. The box is so heavy that I can' t carry it.The box is too heavy me .19. “ Lie down! ” the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog down.20. “Don' t make any noise,”she said to me.She told me any noise.二 . 單選：1. This company was the first portable

27、radios as well as cassette tape recordersin the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout above the sound of the music .A .maki

28、ng herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I don ' t know whether you happen ,but I am going to study in the U.S.Athis September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film

29、 stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told6. You were silly not your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked7. The teacher asked us so much noise.A .don ' t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had

30、been ordered clearwarnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. I ' d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than a room withsomeone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspape

31、r in broad daylightyesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. havingbeen robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed in a fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed12. The meeting next week is sure to be a great success.

32、A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishing D. to finished14. I am sorry written you a letter at the time.A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having1

33、5. Will you lend him a magazine ?A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read16. He could do nothing but for the bus .A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesn't need right now.A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving18. T

34、here ' s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble.A. makingB. to makeC. to have madeD. having made19. I remember him the bike needed .A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. - You

35、should have thanked her before you left.' t find her anywhere.t know what country he studiedD. to have been- I meant , but whenI was leaving I couldnA. to doB. to C. doing D. doing so21. Robert is said to abroad, but I donin.A. to have studiedB. to study B. to be studying studying22. I ' m g

36、ong to Xi 'an next week. Have you anything to your parents?A. to take B. to be takenC. to be bought toD. to buy23. when are they in their plan?A. handB. handedC. to hand D. give24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they .A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would survive

37、dD. will survive25. When we hurried to the station, there happened no bus at that time.A. to haveB. to be C. having D. being26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began torain.A. made B. having made C. making D. to make27. At time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning,

38、 though she isalways too busy a good rest.A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking28. -Are you a student?-No, but I used .A. to be B. to wasC. to doD. to be a29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed himself in theliving room.A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to

39、be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut30. With a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president is havinga hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settleD. being settled31. We ' re leaving at six o' clock, and hope most of the journey by lunchtime.A. to do B. to have done

40、C. to make D. to have made32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier .A. understoodB. to be understood C. to understand D. understand33. Who will you get the project for us?A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the g

41、overnment know .A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it35. We are not allowed outdoors with some other children.A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.A. much too he

42、avy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role in making theearth a better place to live in.A. to have played B. to play C. to be playedD. to be playing38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the personA. to

43、 send B. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears everything.A. to tell B. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told40. There are five pairs , but I' m at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosenB. to choose fromC. to chooseD. for c

44、hoosing41. The problem is difficult for us .A. so; work outB. very too; to be worked outC. rather too, to work outD. quite too, to work it out42. -Where should I my application?-The personnel office is the place .A. send; to send it B. send for; to send it toC. send for; for sending itD. send; to se

45、nd it to43. I ' ve worked with children before, so I know what in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. expects D. to be expecting44. I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should blame45. Can you imagine the questions I had

46、our teacher?A. askedB. to askC. asking D. ask46. Who did you the wall yesterday?A. have painted B. have paintC. have to paintD. have painting47. -What' s the matter with John?-He didn ' t pass the test but he still .A. hopes soB. hopes to C. hope it D. hope that48. Much attention should be p

47、aid people' s living conditions.A. in improvingB. to improveC. improving D. to improving49. that evening was due to his ill health.A. He failed to comeB. That he failed to comingC. His failure to come D. His failure in coming50. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours

48、to finisha report.A. to go B. to have gone C. goingD. having gone51. My family considers a computer, which is considered a greathelp in our work and study.A. to buy; to beB. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying;to be52. With the plane in ten minutes, all the passengerson board wereasked to turn

49、off their mobile phones.A. taken off B. taking off53. Thank you for all the trouble youA. to helpB. with to helpC. to take offD. would take off' ve taken me.C. in helpingD. of helping54. He is believed the college exam, for he is now studying very hard now.D. that he can passA. to pass B. to hav

50、e passed C. pass55. - Will you have anybody the flowers? Yes, I ' ll have the flowers .B. to plant, plantedD. to plant , plantA. plant, plantedC. plant; to be planted56. They are looking forward with hope from you soon.A. to hearing B. of hearing C. hearingD. to hear57. Busy translating a book,

51、he couldn ' t help the article.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. written58. Zhou Lan doesn ' t have to be made. She always studies very hard.A. learn B. to learnC. learningD. learned59. this cake, you' ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar, and 175 g flour.A. Having made, B, MakeC. To makeD. Making6

52、0. I feel it an honour to speak here.A. to be asked B. to askC. having askedD. askedHe asked me here earlier.A. come B. to comeC. comingD. came61. Please tell him on the wall.D. not drawA. don ' t draw B. to not drawC. not to draw62. He wanted a cup of tea.A. to haveB. having C. have D. had63. I

53、 'd like rad woith you.A. had B. having C. to have D. have64. I came here my uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen65. The man refused （拒絕） back his words.A. to takeB. takingC. tookD. takes66. I can let you one ticket.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. had67. We often heard him in his room.A.

54、to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing68. He was made day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked69. He stopped a look, but saw nothing.A. having B. to haveC. haveD. had70. My father was too angry a word.A. to say B. not to sayC. to saying D. didn ' t say71. My brother was old enough to school.A. went B. goes C. going D. to go72. It is time him supper.A. of, to haveB. for, to haveC. of, havingD. for, to has73. It ' s very kind you me.A. of, to helpB. for, to helpC. of, helpD. of, helping74. It' s important our classroom clean every day.A. kept B. to keep C.