虛擬語氣解析以及練習題答案詳細解答

1、虛擬語氣解析及練習與答案詳解虛擬語氣、虛擬語氣的運用1、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣（1）非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣（if引導的條件句）說明從句謂語主句謂語例句與現(xiàn) 在事 實相 反動詞的過去式（be的過去式一M用 were）would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形If I were you, I should buy it.如果我是你，我就買了它。If I had time, I would study French.如果我有時間，我會學習法語的。If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英語的話，她不會找我

2、幫忙的。與過 去事 實相 反had +過去分詞would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過去 分詞If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一點起床，就會趕上火車的。If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.如果上學期你努力學習的話，你考試就會及格 了。與將 來事 實相 反動詞過去式（be 用 were） /should + 動 詞原形/were to +動詞原形would/ shou

3、ld/ could/ might + 動詞原形If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天大氣好，我就去買東西。省略if的 用法有 were, had, should等可省 if,將 were/had/should移至句首主句的形式分 別與上述三種 情況相同。Were I you, I should buy it.如果我是你，我就買了它。Had you studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.如果上學期你努力學習的話，你考試就會及格了。Had it not bee

4、n for his help, I wouldn 't have succeeded. 如果沒有他的幫助，我就不會成功。含蓄 條件 句在虛擬語氣中，有時并沒有明 顯的表示條件的句子，而是通 過句子的邏輯關系或一些詞、 短語等暗示出來，如without,but for （要，是）,otherwise（否 則）But for the English test, I would have gone home this week. 要/、是英語測試，我這個禮拜就回家了。Without war in the world, people would live a more happy life.如

5、果世界上沒有戰(zhàn)爭，人們生活得會更幸福。He is ill. Otherwise he could come .他病了，否則他會來的。錯綜 時間主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在/、同If you had listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. （過去現(xiàn)在）如果你聽了我的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會有這樣的麻煩了。If I were you, I wouldn 't have missed the movie last night.如果我是你，我就不會錯過昨晚那部電影了。（現(xiàn)在-過去）的條 件句的時間，主句和從句的謂語動 詞的虛擬語氣形式

6、因時間不同 而不同。If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour. 要是他們離家早的話，半個小時就該到了。（過去一將來）If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.（將來 過去）如果莫妮卡今天到達的話，那她一定在二天前就動身了。(2)方式狀語從句(as if/ though )說明從句謂語例句特別提示與現(xiàn)在/將來動詞過去式She loves the child as if he were her own.從句時態(tài)與情況相反(

7、be 用 were)John pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all.主句沒有關與過去情況 相反Had +過去分詞He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before.系。(3)讓步狀語從句(even if /though )說明從句謂語主句謂語例句與現(xiàn)在/將來 情況相反動詞過去式（be 用 were）Would/should+ 動詞原 形Even if they were to fail, they wouldn't lose courage.即使他們會失敗

8、，他們也不會泄氣。與過去情況 相反Had +過去分詞Would/should +have+過去分詞Even if it had been raining, we should have had a get-together.即使大卜雨了，我們也應聚聚的。（4）目的狀語從句（so that, in order that 等引導）（了解內(nèi)容）從句謂語例句特別提示Can/could/may/ might/would/sho uld+動詞原形We had a meeting so that we could know what to do next. 我們開了個會以便能了解接卜來該做什么。We too

9、k a taxi in order that we could get there on time. 為了按時到達那里，我們乘了輛出租車?，F(xiàn)在英語中常用陳述 句語氣。2、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣分 類說明從句謂語例句主在 it is/was important/apity/It's necessary that we should have a walk now.我們有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so.語necessary/（Should+）動詞原形她這樣做是很自然的。從suggested/It was a great pity

10、 that you (should) have句required that made so many mistakes in your math等句子中exercise.太遺憾了，你居然在數(shù)學練習中犯了那么多錯誤賓 語 從 句主句謂語是would rather/sooner/ prefer 等與現(xiàn)在/將 來情況相反過去式I would rather you came this weekend.我寧愿你這個周末來。與過去情況 相反Had+過去分詞I would rather he had visited us yesterday.我寧愿他昨天來看過我們。主句謂語是wish與現(xiàn)在情況 相反動詞過去

11、式(be用 were)I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到頭都是春天該多好??！I wish I could help you.但愿我能幫助你。與過去情況 相反Had+過去分詞She wishes she had been here last week.她想要是她上星期在這里就好了。與將來情況 相反would/could/might+動詞原形I wish you would be more careful in future.希望你今后會更小心一些才好。在 suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand,

12、 desire, request, require, decide, order, command 等表示建議、要 求、決定或命令的動詞(should+)動詞原形We proposed that the medicine (should) be cleaned again.我們提出把那臺機器 再清宏-次。The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak.上尉下令叫我們在大鳧前離開村莊。The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the

13、English evening. 學生們要求老師們在英語晚會上唱一 支歌。I insist she go there with her mother. 我 堅持要她同她母親到那兒去。注意insist作“力言”、“強調(diào)”解時 賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.邁克力后他從未偷過東四。表主句主語為表示 命令、建議、要 求等的名詞，如(should+)動詞原形My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village.我的建議是在村莊周圍多種

14、些樹。Their proposal is that we (should) set up語 從 句suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal 等a spare time school for them.他們的提議是要我們?yōu)樗麄兂闪⒁凰?業(yè)余學校。His idea is that we (should) discuss the report.他的意見是我們應討論一下這 個報告。同 位 語 從 句表示建議、命令、 希望、要求等的 名詞如suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan(shoul

15、d+)動詞原形We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我們都同意他的意見，去北京觀光。What do you think of the idea that we (should) begin the second experiment at once?你認為我們立即開始第二次實驗的意 見怎么樣？3、其他情況的虛擬語氣分類從句謂語例句It is (high/about) time that過去式/should+動詞原形(should不能省略)It is time we went

16、 to bed.It ' s about time you began your work.If only 引導的 感嘆句與現(xiàn)在情況 相反過去式(be用 were)If only I had another chance. 要是我再什-次機會就好了。與過去情況 相反Had+過去分詞If only the alarm clock had rung.當時鬧鐘響了就好了。與將來情況 相反would/ should/could/ might/ +動詞原 形If only problems would come one at a time!要是問題一次只發(fā)一個該多好！表示祝愿的句子May或may

17、+動詞原形May you be happy.祝你幸福。May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快。May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我們的友情天長地久。練習題及答案解釋The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished.A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to hav

18、e lost解析：這個句子中含有一個省略if ,把助動詞提前到主語they之前的虛擬條件 句，該條件句表示對過去情況的假設， 而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也應該是對過去發(fā)生的情況的假設，因而應該選（B） would have lost為正確答案。2. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be解析：這道題目是一個混合虛擬語氣的句

19、子。條件句省略了 if ,把助詞had提前 到主語前面，表示對過去情況的假設，而主句中nowft明了對現(xiàn)在情況的假設，所以應選would（should, could, might）+動詞原形這種表達形式。四個選項中只有（D）是正確表達形式，故為正確答案。3. If youJerry Brown until recently, you ' d think thephotograph on the right was strange.A. shouldn ' t contact B. didn ' t contact C. weren' t to contact D

20、. hadn ' t contacted解析：until recently ,因此（D）是正確答案，而主句是隱含的對現(xiàn)在情況的 假設，該句是一個混合虛擬條件句。4. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last SundayA） In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for解析：假設的情況有時不是用一個條件句表示，而是隱含在一個由介詞如butfor、but that、without, 由連詞but、副詞otherwise 、比較級、形容詞、獨 立主格等表示的上下

21、文中。本句主句表示對過去情況的假設，但事實上由于英 語考試而沒有去成，即若不是因為英語考試，我本可以去聽音樂會，所以應選B） ） But for為正確答案。5. Look at the terrible situation I amin! If only I your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed解析：題目中的第一句話表示的是現(xiàn)在真實的情況，而第二句話中所要表達的 是應該做但事實上沒有做的事，這種情況導致第一句話中真實情況的發(fā)生，故 If only條件句假設的是過去一種情況，因此應該用had

22、+過去分詞，所以正確答案是（C）。6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, a sudden loud noise.A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. therehaving been解析：句意為：“要是有一聲巨響，這些動物會受到驚嚇，這是有現(xiàn)實可能性的。” should th ere be表示虛擬條件句中將來時間的謂語形式，if省略，所以 should與there倒裝。因此B. should there be就是本題答案 。7&g

23、t; WhenEdison died, it was proposed that the American people all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man.A. turn off B. turned off C. would turn off D. had turned off 解析：propose是欲望動詞，后接的賓語從句或主語從句中謂語要用虛擬語氣： should+動詞原形或直接用動詞原形。選擇（A） . turn off8、 I

24、apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.A. offend B. had offended C. should have offendedD. might haveoffended解析：B. had offended 。本題測試交錯時間的虛擬條件句。was暗示，事情發(fā)生在過去，所以虛擬條件句中的謂語動詞應該用表示過去時間的虛擬形式。9、The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.A. had to be printed B. should have be

25、en printed C. must be printedD. should be printed解析：D. should be printed 。因為urgent是欲望形容詞，在句中作形式賓語 it的補足語，所以賓語從句中的謂語需用虛擬語氣：（should）+動詞原形（主動態(tài) 或被動態(tài)）。10、The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed解析：it是形式

26、賓語，urgent是賓語補足語，that引導的從句是真正的賓語從 句，該從句的內(nèi)容被認為是urgent （急迫的），這樣從句的謂語動詞要求用虛 擬語氣形式，即should （可以省略）+動詞原形。因此，本題正確答案是（D）11. Jean Wagner' s most enduring contribution to the study ofAfro-American poetry is his insistence that itina religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A. is to be analyzed B.

27、has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed解析：（C）在表示要求、愿望、建議、請求、命令等含義的名詞同位語從句中， 從句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣形式，即should（可以省略）+動詞原形。12. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of last week. A.were B. had been C. have been D. was解析：（D

28、）本道題目的前半句話是對過去情況的一種假設，但事實上并沒有發(fā)生，而事實上沒有發(fā)生的真實原因是句子的后半部分由but引導的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實。因而but所引導的句子中應該用表示志過去事實相符合的表陳述的時 態(tài)，即一般過去時。13. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it wasunintentional.A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended解析：（B）此題要求在if從句中選擇適當?shù)膭釉~形式，以主句中的動詞 apologize（抱歉）來看，if從句

29、中表達的內(nèi)容應該是過去做的事，因此可以排除（A）,因為（A）是現(xiàn)在時。（C）中should+have+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來應該 做卻沒有做的事，在此不合題意。（D）選項中的might+have+過去分詞表示對 過去發(fā)生的事情很不肯定的猜測，它表達的內(nèi)容還不能成為事實，所以藉此道 歉真是不知從何說起，因此此處也不合題意。（B） had offended表示當時已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動作。這是復雜條件句：apologize是現(xiàn)在，而條件句是表示對過去 假設的條件句。14. If you hadn ' t taken such a long time to get dressed, we' d

30、there by now.A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling解析：該句也是一個復雜條件句（或稱作混合虛擬條件句）。條件句表示對過 去情況的假設，而主句表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設，但事實上卻與此相反，所以正 確答案應該是（A）。15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun round the earth.A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling解析：if引導的從句

31、要求用虛擬語氣，表示同時或?qū)淼那闆r，動詞要用過去 式（be動詞用were）或would（could等）+動詞原形，本句話中指的是當時的情況， 所以要用過去式，故（A）是正確答案。16. If the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling解析：（B） had not occurred 表示對過去的虛擬，條件句中要用過去完成式， 主句中要用should（

32、would, could, might）+動詞原形的過去分詞。17. I hadn ' t expected James to apologize but I ha d hoped .A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me解析：（B） had hoped是常見的要求其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣的句型，虛擬語氣would+動詞原形。18. George would certainly have attended the proceedings .A. if he didn

33、' t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn' thappenedC. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 解析：表示對過去情況的假設，主句動詞形式為would（should, could,might）+have+過去分詞，條件句為過去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主 語前面。（B） , （D）的表達不符合英語表達習慣，所以（C）是正確答案。19. The teacher suggested that her students expe

34、riences withESP.A. write a composition on their B.to write composition abouttheC. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his解析：（A） suggest后面的從句要用虛擬語氣形式，其形式為 should （可以省 略）+動詞原形。20. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he a Chinese.A. were B. had been C. is D. has be

35、en解析：（A）.表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬。21. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.A. had been B. has been C. were D. was解析：A. as though引導的與過去相反的虛擬。22. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.A. has been B. was C. is D. had been解析：D. felt是過去式，所以該句是由as though引導的與過去相反的虛擬。23. John

36、 is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant.A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift解析：D. as if引導的與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬。24. He described the town as if he it himself.A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees 解析：A. as if引導的與過去相反的虛擬。25. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collec

37、ting claims until they investigate the situation.A. do B. don ' t C. didn ' t D. didn ' t do解析：（D） would rather后接從句要求用虛擬語氣，形式為過去式，表示對現(xiàn) 在或?qū)淼募僭O，或為過去完成式表示對過去的情況的假設。26. Although most adopted persons want the right to know whotheir natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they

38、 the experience of meeting.A. hadn ' t B. didn ' t have had C. hadn ' t had D. hadn ' t have解析：（C） wh/I導的定語從句中的現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作業(yè)已發(fā)生，所以主句 中表示的虛擬是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的行為，所以應該用過去完成式表示對過去的 虛擬。27. Without electronic computers, much of today ' s advanced technology .A. will not have been achieved B. have

39、not been achievedC. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved解析：（C）這是一人含蓄虛擬條彳句，通過介詞短語 without,表示潛在的一種 假設，而主句中的情況也早已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以是對過去情況的一種假設，因此用 would not have been achieved這一形式。28. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it .A. may have B. will have C. would have

40、D. might have解析：（D）連so that引導的從句中要求用虛擬語氣，表示一種假設，形式為 might+動詞原形。29. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking解析：（B） It is time that是一種要求從句用虛擬語氣的常見句型。虛擬語氣形式為動詞的過去式。30. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.A.

41、 would come B. came C. would have come D. had come解析：（C） otherwise用來表示一種含蓄的虛擬假設，因為是對過去（yesterday）的情況的假設，所以應該用 would have come形式。31. I must say he reads very well, and Ishouldn ' t be surprised if heacting for a living one day.A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up解析：

42、（B）所給的四個選項中沒有一個表示對未來的情況的虛擬的形式should+動詞原形，或是were to do ,因此可以斷定if引導的條件句在這里最真實的條 件句，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時，故（B）是正確答案。32. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told解析：（A）這是一個混合虛擬語氣的句子，if條件句表示的是對過去情況的假 設，而主句是對現(xiàn)在（now）的情況的假設，故用would tell形式。33. I '

43、d rather youanything about it for the time being.A. do B. didn ' t do C. don ' t D. didn ' t解析：B. would rather引導的虛擬語氣其謂語用過去式。34. Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldn ' t have receiv ed D. shouldn ' t have

44、received解析：C.注意單詞otherwise引導虛擬語氣。35. Wedidn't know his telephone number, otherwise we him. （1995年6月四級第46題）A） would have telephonedB） must have telephoned C） wouldtelephone D） had telephoned解析：本題是與過去時相反的虛擬句，從句中用過去完成式，主句中用would have done。 本旬相當于 if we had known his telephone number , we would have

45、telephoned him。答案是（A） would have telephoned 。36. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends veryoften.（1996年1月四級第44題）A. has to get B. had got C. were to get D. could have got 解析：本句的意思是：“瓊不想馬上就工作，她認為要是找了工作，就不能經(jīng) 常探

46、訪她的朋友了”。這說明，瓊目前沒有工作。句中假設的情況在近期內(nèi)并不會存在。該條件句應當用表示將來情況的虛擬語氣。條件從句的謂語用should或were to引出。因止匕C. were to get 是本題答案。選項 A. has to get 是陳述 語氣的現(xiàn)在時，不能用于虛擬條件句中。選項 B. had got是虛擬語氣的過去時， 不能表示將來時間。選項D. could have got 不能用于虛擬語氣的條件從句中。37. Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I youradvice.（1993年6月四級第70題）A. follo

47、w B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed 解析：if only引出感嘆句，意思是“要是多好”，表示說話人的一種愿望，希望發(fā)生（事實上不可能發(fā)生）與過去事實相反的情況。本句的全句意思 是：“看我現(xiàn)在的處境多糟糕！要是我聽從你的勸告多好”。事實上，句中的“我”沒有聽從勸告，所以處境很糟糕。題中空格處應當用虛擬語氣，答案是B。38. .That tree looked as if it for a long time.a.hasn't watered b.had not been watered c.didn't water

48、d.wasn't watered解析：本題測試as if 從句的虛擬語氣。一般來說，as if 從句所表達的內(nèi)容 完全與實際情況相反或純粹是一種假設時，通常使用虛擬語氣。39. I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.a. don't do b.did c.didn't do d.would do解析：would rather表示愿望，后接從句用虛擬語氣，用過去時。40. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advicea.f

49、ollow b.would follow c.had followed d.have followed解析：本題測試if only引起的感嘆句的虛擬語氣。if only引起的感嘆句，相當于“how I wish +賓語從句”。其謂語動詞形式與 wish后的賓語從句形式 相同。41. We are all for your proposal that discussion.（1998年6月四級第68題）a. be put off b. was put off c. should put offd. is to putoff解析：全句意思是：我們都贊成你的建議，把討論推遲。答案是Ao虛擬語氣在定語

50、從句中的應用在It's （high） time之后的定語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式。42. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time ?（1995年6月四級第43題）A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went homeD. ifshe had left 解析：“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)十六點鐘了，難道你不認為該回家了嗎？ ”句中的“it'sabout time ”引起虛擬。因此答案是C。43. The madmanwas

51、put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.（1998年1月四級第38題）a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure 解析：“這個瘋子被關進墻上裝有襯墊的病房，以免傷了他自己?！痹?lest引 導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用虛擬語氣，（should ）+ 動詞原形。答案是a。44. Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as thoughout of the office.A. went B. gone C. to go D.

52、would go解析：答案為：C. to go 。 as though或as if引導的狀語從句中，從句主語和 主句主語相同時，從句中可省略主語和部分謂語，如：1） She paused, as if to let the painful memories pass.（ 省略 she wanted）2） From time to time Jason turned round as though searching for someone. （省略 he were）3） The boy started, as if awakened from some dream.（省略 he were）由此

53、可見，本題中省略she wanted。45. I'd rather you by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone解析：“我寧愿你乘火車去，因為我無法想像在如此惡劣的天氣你呆在飛機 里。”主語+would rather后接賓語從句，從句中謂語須用虛擬語氣：用一般過 去時表示希望現(xiàn)在或?qū)韺崿F(xiàn)的行為或狀態(tài)，用過去完成時表示希望過去實現(xiàn) 的行為或狀態(tài)。本題中

54、原因狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，暗示希望現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的行為動作，故選答案為C. went o46. for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not been B. Were it not C. Be it not D. Should it not be 解析：“要不是老百姓的及時投資，我們的公司不會像現(xiàn)在這樣興旺?！北绢} 測試交錯時間的虛擬語氣。從句是表示過去時間的虛擬條件，if省略，主語it與助動詞had倒裝。虛擬條件句也可寫

55、成這樣：If it had nor been for the timely investment from the general public 。這是重點句型，在各類測試中?？肌?答案：A. Had it not been47. A safety analysis the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.A. would identify B. will identify C. would have identified D. will have identified解析：“一次安全隱患分析本來會確

56、認這個目標是潛在的危險。不幸的是，這 樣的分析從未做過?！边@是對過去時間的虛擬，表示過去要做而沒有做的事。 因而答案選 C. would have identified48. In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home.A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working 解析：“過去男子一般都愿意他們的妻子在家里工作?！币驗?prefer（寧愿）是 欲望動詞，其后所接的賓語從句中謂語需用（should）+動詞原形。答案：C. work 49. Had he work

57、ed harder, he the exams.A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through 解析：本題前半句是表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句，后半句是表示與過 去事實相反的主旬° 相當于： If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本題的答案是 B. would have got through 。選項A. must have got through（肯定通過）表示一種對過去事情的主觀推測，不是與過去事情相反的情況。另外，must不能用在虛擬條件句中。選項 C. would get through （就會通過）是虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在時的一種表示方法，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反。選項D. could get through （可能通過），co