高中英語語法非謂語Word版

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞包括不定式，動(dòng)名詞，過去分詞三大類。我們需要知道它們的用法和意義to do: 表示目的和將來doing：表示的是主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行done：表示被動(dòng)和完成非謂語動(dòng)詞（一）動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞)和動(dòng)名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)代英語將現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞合為一大類叫作v + ing形式。這些動(dòng)詞的形式不能在句中單獨(dú)作謂語用，因而沒有語法主語。但可以有邏輯主語。由于沒有語法主語，也就不受人稱和數(shù)的限定，因?yàn)椴皇侵^語，也就沒有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，但這些詞仍能表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，所以仍有表示與其他動(dòng)詞相對(duì)時(shí)間關(guān)系的形式。由于與其它詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此也有表示主、被動(dòng)的形式，同時(shí)

2、也有自己的賓語和狀語，一起構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞的短語(動(dòng)詞不定式短語，分詞短語，動(dòng)名詞短語)。動(dòng)詞不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語用，所以叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。（一）動(dòng)詞不定式： 動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+ 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，如：to study, to play，動(dòng)詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動(dòng)詞用，但仍留著動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 1、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化：動(dòng)詞不定式有下列時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。 不定式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)to buildto have builtto be

3、 buildingto have been building被動(dòng)to be buildto have been build2、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法：動(dòng)詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語用，如： （1）作主語：To help each other is good.（動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表語：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 動(dòng)詞不定式在系動(dòng)詞b

4、e之后作表語，與表示將來時(shí)的be + 動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們的計(jì)劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為is，動(dòng)詞不定式to set up 為表語，主語為plan，但plan并不是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式 to set up所表示的動(dòng)作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中

5、的are to set up整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語，主語為we，同時(shí)也是動(dòng)詞不定式to set up所表示的動(dòng)作的邏輯主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式to set up所表示的動(dòng)作是由we產(chǎn)生的）。 （3）作賓語：作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，如：She wishes to be a musician.；作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動(dòng)詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；動(dòng)詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但

6、動(dòng)詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時(shí)，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，須先用it作形式賓語，而將該動(dòng)詞不定式后置，如：I do

7、nt think it right to do it that way. （6）作定語：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定語用的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way，不定式后面的介詞，習(xí)慣上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作狀語：動(dòng)詞不定式可以作下列的狀語：目的狀語： Every

8、morning he gets up very early to read English. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或?yàn)榱耍?，但?yīng)注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 結(jié)果

9、狀語：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式，表示“足能”的結(jié)果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式：由for + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 動(dòng)詞不定式即構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語，這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語，如：It is very important for us to get every

10、thing ready for the harvest. 當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語，這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如：How to prevent them from swi

11、mming in this river is a problem. 5、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式：動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是由not + 動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)形式所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系：（1）一般式：動(dòng)詞不定式一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，但在多數(shù)情況下，是在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同時(shí)）；（2）完成式

12、：動(dòng)詞不定式完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（3）進(jìn)行式：動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而且與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in. 7、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法：如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般就用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.非謂語動(dòng)詞（二）動(dòng)詞-i

13、ng形式（二）-ing形式：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞。-ing形式仍保留有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以帶有 其所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成-ing短語。 1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動(dòng)詞的-ing還有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而不及物動(dòng)詞的-ing則沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動(dòng)詞make 和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例，將其-ing各種形式列表如下：動(dòng)詞-ing及物動(dòng)詞make不及物動(dòng)詞go主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone2、-ing形式的基本用法。 （1）作主語：Seei

14、ng is believing.百聞不如一見。Talking is easier than doing. ing作主語時(shí)，如果其結(jié) 構(gòu)較長，可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here. （2）作表語：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps. （3）作賓語：作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語。She likes drawing very much.；作某些短語動(dòng)詞的賓語。 Mary is thin

15、king of going back to New York.； do+限定詞（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? 作介詞的賓語：Her sister is good at learning physics.；作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語：This book is well worth reading. ing作賓語帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要用it作為

16、形式賓語，而將作賓語的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again? （4）作定語：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定語用時(shí)，如果-ing只是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是-ing短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后，-ing作定語時(shí)，被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語。另外，-ing作定語用時(shí)，其動(dòng)

17、作和句子謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，如果不是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，就不能用-ing作定語，要使用定語從句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well. （5）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：當(dāng)-ing在復(fù)合賓語中作賓語補(bǔ)足 語用時(shí)，句中賓語就是這個(gè)-ing的邏輯主語，可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。 （6）作狀語：時(shí)間狀語

18、：Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因狀語：Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴隨狀語：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 3、主動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語

19、用。句中的主語是它的邏輯主語，并且是它所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. 4、被動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作也是和句中謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語或狀語用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours. 5、被動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，在句中一般作狀語用。如：Havin

20、g been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 6、-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語或表語，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口語中，這種結(jié)構(gòu)如作賓語用，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格，名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peters (or Peter)going t

21、here first. 7、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般說來，表示一個(gè)比較抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作時(shí)多用-ing形式。表示一個(gè)具體某一次的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today. 8、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。-ing形式作定語用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，而動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。如：The girl writing

22、a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write. 9、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我聽見她正

23、在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。 10、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況，而動(dòng)詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語時(shí)，一般是作目的或結(jié)果狀語，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 非謂語動(dòng)詞（三）過去分詞( 三）過去分詞： 1、過去分詞的基本用法：過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動(dòng)語態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)

24、被動(dòng)的或是已完成的動(dòng)作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，如： （1）作定語：過去分詞作定語時(shí)，如果這個(gè)分詞是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week. （2）作表語：過去分詞作表語時(shí)，表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語就是句中的主語，如：The glass is broken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。 注：過去分詞作表語時(shí)，和動(dòng)詞

25、的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.這個(gè)玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried,

26、astonished, broken, completed, covered等。 （3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：動(dòng)詞have后的復(fù)合賓語中，賓語補(bǔ)足語如為過去分詞，常表示該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是由別人來執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語自己來執(zhí)行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找別人）把我的自行車給修了。 （4）作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語一般

27、都是主句的主語，是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語，是give的邏輯賓語。） 獨(dú)立主格：上述-ing和過去分詞的用法中，-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語，但有時(shí)它們也能有 自己的獨(dú)立的

28、主語，這種獨(dú)立的主語，一般為名詞或代詞，位于其前之前，和-ing或過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。獨(dú)立主格在句中一般只作狀語用，而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式，則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系而定。至于獨(dú)立主格中是使用-ing或是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been?？墒∪ィ纾篢he meeting

29、 (being) over, all left the room. 作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎脀ith短語來代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks. 2、-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別： （1）語態(tài)不同：-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說；the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽眾。 （2）時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一

30、般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如：The changing world正在發(fā)生的世界；the changed world已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 1疑問詞 動(dòng)詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 2動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式：由not 動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成. 3v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時(shí)的區(qū)別。 v-ing形式：表示抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作。 不定式：表示具體某一次的動(dòng)

31、作。 She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today. 4v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。 v-ing形式：動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 不定式：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。 eg. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well. I have three letters to write. 5v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別。 (1)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之

32、后， 如：I have told them to come again tomorrow. (2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用v.-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而 用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程， 如：I hear her singing in the room. 我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room. 我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。6v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。 v-ing形式：表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。 不定式：作目的或結(jié)果狀語。 7v.-ing形式與過去

33、分詞的區(qū)別： (1)語態(tài)不同：v.-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。 an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說； the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽眾 (2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而過去分詞所表示 的動(dòng)作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如： the changing world正在變化的世界 the changed world已經(jīng)變化了的世界 8獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：有時(shí)v.-ing和過去分詞在句中也有自己的獨(dú)立的主語，這種獨(dú)立的主語 一般為名詞或代詞，和v.-ing還有過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般只作狀語

34、。 獨(dú)立主格中是使用v.-ing還是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或被 動(dòng)關(guān)系來定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注意：獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been?？墒∪?，如： The meeting_(being)_over, all left the room. 作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎脀ith短語來代替， 如： She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. She read the letter with tears rolling down he

35、r cheeks.非謂語的解題步驟或思路（1） 先判斷空格部分所需的是主句，從句還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。 獨(dú)立的句子， 從句或非謂語 獨(dú)立的句子 加句號(hào)，分號(hào)或破折號(hào)的話，后再加一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。 獨(dú)立的句子，（逗號(hào)） 有and,but, so 等詞 加獨(dú)立的句子。 （2）再根據(jù)主句的主語，來判斷主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)； （3）接下來再判斷時(shí)態(tài)， （4）如果是否定的話，not一定要放在非謂語的前面 （5）一定不要忘記主語一致的原則，如果不一致的話，要把非謂語的獨(dú)立主語加上。非謂語常見的位置，或在句子中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞?（1） 非謂語動(dòng)詞短語， + 主句 或者是 主句， 非謂語動(dòng)詞短語 這時(shí)的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語起到狀語的作用

36、 例如： influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities. 在這種情況下，首先,找出主句的主語，然后以主句的主語為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，來判斷非謂 語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，如果已有的非謂語動(dòng)詞的主語和主句主語不一致，還要 考慮獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是把非謂語動(dòng)詞的自己的主語加上去： 例如： All flights having been cancelled , they decided to take the train. 其次,把非謂語動(dòng)詞和主句的動(dòng)詞比較，看是否同時(shí)發(fā)生還是有明顯的先后。 （

37、2） 跟在介詞，動(dòng)詞或某些形容詞的后面固定搭配 只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式而不接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有： admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 put off 推遲 keep 保持 consider 考慮 delay/ postpone 耽擱 dislike 嫌惡 resist 抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜歡 escape 避免 excuse 原諒 practice 練習(xí) mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒險(xiǎn) include 包括 forgive 原諒 give up 放棄 suggest 建議 miss

38、逃過 imagine 想象 cant help 情不自禁 involve 需要 cant stand 無法忍受 understand 理解 常見的帶介詞to的短語： be used to 習(xí)慣 be related to 與有關(guān) get down to 著手做 contribute to 貢獻(xiàn) put ones mind to 全神貫注于 give rise to 引起 be equal to 勝任 devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于 lead to 導(dǎo)致 be opposed to 反對(duì) look forward to 盼望 object to 反對(duì)stick to 堅(jiān)持 pay a

39、ttention to 注意（3） 介詞后一定要加動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式； （4） 跟在名詞后面做定語時(shí)， 一般不用having done/ having been done 結(jié)構(gòu) （5） 放在句首做主語 ， 一般用動(dòng)詞的ing 和to do 特殊的非謂語短語 Generally speaking 一般來說 Considering . 考慮到，鑒于 Time/weather permitting 時(shí)間、天氣允許的話 Taking into account 考慮到 Taking into consideration 考慮到 Provided 假如 Providing假如 Suppose假如 Sup

40、posing假如 Judging from/ by根據(jù)判斷 Given sth 假如，如果；鑒于，考慮到 Given that假如，如果；鑒于，考慮到 including sth (sth included)包括某事非謂語動(dòng)詞基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. When youre learning to drive, _ a good teacher makes a

41、big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having 3. I felt it a great honor _ to speak to you. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 4. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5.

42、 Before you decide to leave your job, _ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 6. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 7. It is said that

43、 in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 8. Anyone _ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 9. Mr Reed made up his

44、 mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 10. The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 11. She looks forward every spring to

45、_ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 12. To test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good. A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting 13. “Where is David?” “He is upstairs _ ready to go out.” A. to get B. getting

46、C. to be getting D. having got 14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.” A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. to be getting 15. He was reading his book, completely _ to the world. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. to have lost 16. We l

47、ooked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _. A. to find B. to have found C. to be found D. being found 17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in

48、the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 19. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the cu

49、stomers?” “The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.” A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?” “_ her new bike.” A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 22. The research is so desig

50、ned that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 23. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 24. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having

51、invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 25. Though I have often heard this song _. I have never heard you _ it. A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing C. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing 非謂語動(dòng)詞提高練習(xí)1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _on their parents lap A.

52、 including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. Its said that the Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from

53、lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people i

54、n the fire-stricken areas moved out _. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _ 20 dollars

55、 to do with some things _. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a