高中英語語法非謂語部分Word版

1、第三部分 非謂語動(dòng) I. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的意義、形式和 用法一、什么叫非謂語動(dòng)詞？與謂語動(dòng)詞有什么區(qū)別？非謂語動(dòng)詞就是不能作句子謂語而具有其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞。英語一句話只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),如果出現(xiàn)更多動(dòng)詞： 1.加連詞（and / but / so） 2.放入從句 3.變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞 （主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語） At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _D_down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005上海） A. sitting B. havin

2、g sat C. to sit D. sat Prices of daily goods _B_ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. have been bought D. buying二 、 非謂語動(dòng)詞有哪些？ 非謂語動(dòng)詞分為三種形式：1.to do 不定式 （將要發(fā)生的） 2.ing 動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞 （同時(shí)進(jìn)行） 3.ed 過去分詞 （被動(dòng)、完成）根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)可具體分為：非謂語動(dòng)詞一般式進(jìn)行式完成式動(dòng)詞不定式to do to be doneto be doingto

3、have doneto have been doneV.ing doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done過去分詞done三、非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中通常作什么成分？非謂語動(dòng)詞主語賓語表語補(bǔ)語定語狀語動(dòng)詞不定式V.ing過去分詞四、非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系是什么？ 弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之間的先后關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵所在非謂語表示的動(dòng)作非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之后to do/to be done與謂語表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生to do/to be done /to be doing ;doing/being do

4、ne ; 在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前done;to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been doneII.非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)巧講 一、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別一） 不定式和ing動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別： 1.表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式；表示比較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用動(dòng)名詞。 2.動(dòng)名詞作主語 時(shí)通常位于句首；不定式作主語時(shí)常置于句末，用it作形式主語放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 3.若主語和

5、表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.1). Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _d_the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have B. Having had C. Have D. Having 2). In fact _d_ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match. A. this B. tha

6、t C. there D. it 4.下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語:Its no good/use doing something.二）不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別：1. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語，如： manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(幫助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。只能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞口訣：決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事decide to do sth. 決定做某事 want would like to do sth

7、. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用來做 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事 used to do 過去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事2. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如： practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advi

8、se, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in.只能接-ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞口訣：喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí) 錯(cuò)過建議保持介意值得考慮 enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 spend.doing sth. 花費(fèi)做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 c

9、an't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事 miss doing sth. 錯(cuò)過做某事 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（繼續(xù)）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考慮做某事注意：此to 非彼tolook forward to doing sth. （盼

10、望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used to doing sth. （習(xí)慣于） prefer doing sth to doing sth. （更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing （做貢獻(xiàn)） 1) I cant stand _c_ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C.

11、 working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _b_ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 3.有些動(dòng)詞如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分詞作賓語， 意義上無多大區(qū)別(但ing分詞一般表示經(jīng)常性的行為；不定式表示具體的行為)。 1) I like _c_ v

12、ery much, but I don't like _ this afternoon. A. swimming, swimming    B. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swim    D. to swim, swimming 2) Little Jim should love _a_ to the theatre this evening A. to be taken  B. to take     C. being taken

13、60;  D. taking如果like, love, prefer前有would/should, 后面則應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞不定式。would like 還有哪些用法？思考：下列情況中動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接ing 分詞作賓語呢？1). Only then did I begin _ (see) she was really good to me. 2).The moment he returned home, I was starting/beginning _ (cook) supper.3).The water began _ (freeze).4.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞

14、作賓語，但意義上有明顯差別。如：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等Stop to do 停下來去做 stop doing 停止做Forget to do 忘記要做 forget doing 忘記做過Remember to do 記得要做 remember doing 記得做過Regret to do 遺憾要做 regret doing 后悔做過Try to do 企圖做，盡力做 try doing 試著做Go on to do 繼續(xù)做（另一件事） go on doing 繼續(xù)做（同一件事）Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意

15、味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting答案：A5.Need, require, want作“需要”講，其后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義，be worth也有類似用法。如：The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing.Practice 1）My advisor encouraged _ a summer course

16、to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 2）Children should be allowed _ their own decisions. A. making B. to make C. make D. having made三）作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別 1.能接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有： ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, inten

17、d,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request, order, warn, cause等。2.使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞接 不帶to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；和帶to的不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。 常見的使役動(dòng)詞有make, let, have等； 感官動(dòng)詞有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及l(fā)ook at, listen to等。翻譯：你寧愿讓誰和你一起去？3. 不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語表達(dá)的意義不同。 I heard her _( sing) an English song just now. I he

18、ard her _ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard the English song _( sing) many times. (4) I heard the English song _( sing) when I passed by her room yesterday. 四）作定語的區(qū)別不定式、ing 分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語，主要區(qū)別在于它們的時(shí)態(tài)意義和語態(tài)意義。 不定式作定語和被修飾的名詞具有 “動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”, 即被修飾的名詞是不定式的動(dòng)作的承受者; 如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，就要在

19、不定式動(dòng)詞后加上相應(yīng)的介詞分詞作定語與動(dòng)詞不定式作定語的區(qū)別是：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行之意；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)與完成；而不定式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：The question _ed_ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _being ed_ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _to be ed_ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is

20、of quite importance.注：ing分詞作定語有時(shí)意義不同： flying fish 飛魚 a running dog 走狗 a falling tide 落潮 a crying boy 哭著的孩子 a running machine a swimming pool a waiting room a walking stick a fishing pole a reading room五）作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _a_ it the most popular

21、 sport in the world . (NMET 1998) A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _a_ that the train had left . (2005廣東) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中”的結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結(jié)果 六）作表語的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞做表語是對(duì)主語內(nèi)容的解釋解或用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。這時(shí)主語

22、與表語位置可以互換 The main job of the ant queen is laying eggs. Our work is serving the people 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite, interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語注解不是“激動(dòng)”、“高興”，而是“使得激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到 ”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對(duì)感興趣，就是somebody is interested in.，若人/物本身有趣

23、時(shí)，就是sb./sth. is interestingdelighting令人高興的delighted感到高興的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的puzzling 令人費(fèi)解的puzzled 感到費(fèi)解的satisfying 令人滿意的satisfied 感到滿意的surprising 令人驚異的surprised 感到驚異的worrying 令人擔(dān)心的worried 感到擔(dān)心的二、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、

24、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。 1) LiPings/ My helping her moved her deeply. (動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語, 其邏輯主語用所有格)2) I appreciate your/you/LiPings/ LiPing coming to see me. 動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語, 其邏輯主語用賓格或所有格均可)3) Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 邏輯主語是無生命名詞時(shí), 只用普通格4) What made me angry was many students failing in the exam. (以

25、-s 結(jié)尾的名詞, 只用普通格)Practice 1) I would appreciate _c_ back this afternoon . A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 2) _c_ made her mother very angry. A. Mary marrying Jim B. Marys married Jim C. Marys marrying Jim D. Marys being married Jim 3). The discovery of new evidence led to

26、_c_. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught4).The noise of _c_ could be heard out in the street. A. desks opening and closing B. desks opened and closed C. desks being opened and closed D. desks being opened and closed三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不

27、同時(shí)，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.III.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、非謂語動(dòng)詞題目三步走： 1. 判定題目是否考察非謂語 2. 判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系3. 判斷時(shí)間先后順序二、做題時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)：1動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作可能與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可能在其之后發(fā)生。例如：I saw the young man enter the house.（同時(shí)發(fā)生）

28、 I hope to go there next time.（之后發(fā)生）2不定式完成式表示不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。例如：Im sorry to have broken your glasses.3不定式進(jìn)行式表示不定式的動(dòng)作，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.4不定式的被動(dòng)式有兩種形式：to be done表示將要被做，to have been done表示已被做。例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.T

29、he cinema is said to have been built last year.5. 在表示情緒的動(dòng)詞，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語表示一般傾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式 例如：I hate eating the same food every day. Would you like to watch TV in the evening?6. 在動(dòng)詞need, want, require后用動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)含義，相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式；而用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)式表示主動(dòng)含

30、義。 例如：The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned. He needs to clean the house first.7. 在介詞后一般用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但在少數(shù)介詞，如but, except后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”則省去“to”。 例如：I have done nothing but help him with his luggage. I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.8. 分詞的完成式一般不用來作定

31、語，因此，要表示完成主動(dòng)的意思常用定語從句。例如：The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.9. 如果分詞短語的邏輯主語與句子不是相同的，則要用從句或分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。 例如：Weather permitting, we will go to the Center Park.10. 分詞作狀語時(shí)， 分詞的邏輯主語要與句子的主語相一致。若它們之間的關(guān)系是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，而動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用過去分詞。如果分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語，分詞要用完成時(shí)。 例如：Having finished his composition, he wen

32、t home. While looking through the paper, he found some errors.三、鞏固練習(xí)A1. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _.A. to repair bicycles B. bicycles to be repairedC. bicycles being repaired D. repairing bicycles2. - Have you considered _ your job as a teacher?- Yes. I like the job because a

33、teacher is often considered _ a gardener.A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be3. The dog, _, will be made a good watchdog.A. to train properly B. being trained properly C. properly to train D. trained properly4. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hid

34、e it. A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing5. _ the front door _, he had to enter the room through the back door.A. Seen; painted B. Seeing; paintedC. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted6. And there, almost _ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never h

35、ad to be told to keep quiet.A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost7. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting8. To answer correctly is more important than _.A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to f

36、inish quickly D. finish quickly9. The old farmer, _ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help. A. supporting B. having supported C. being supported by D. being supported10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”

37、, a Mars Exploration Rover, _ a new milestone in the history of mankind.A. it marked B. marking C. marked D. to mark11. It was getting dark; I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick12. You cant imagine what great trouble they have _ the problem _

38、.A. to solve; being talked about B. solving; discussing C. to solve; to talk about D. solving; being discussed13. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river.A. to have discovered B. to have been discovered C. to discover D. having been discovered14. The thief fell t

39、o the ground, his left foot _ and blood _ down from his mouth.A. breaking; running B. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run15. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen.A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing16. As I will be away for at least a year,

40、 Id appreciate _ from you now and then so that I can know how everyone is getting along.A. having heard B. to hear C. hearing D. being heard 17. _, the subject was always in my mind.A. Walking or sleeping B. Walking or slept C. Having walked or slept D. To walk and sleep18. - Did you get a dictionar

41、y? - No, I _, but there were not any _.A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left19. When he came to, he found himself _ on a chair, with his hands _ back.A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied20. The joke told by Tom made us

42、_, so the teacher couldnt make himself _.A. to laugh; hearing B. laughing; heard C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard21. All of the flowers now _ here have developed from those once _ in the forest.A. raised; grown B. rising; growing C. raised; growing D. rising; grown22. Henry cant attend the party

43、_ at Toms house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party _ at Maries house tomorrow.A. held; being held B. to be held; to be heldC. to be held; held D. being held; to be held23. Seeing the soldiers well _ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.A. prepare B. prepa

44、ring C. prepared D. having prepared24. Dont worry. Ill have it _ and get someone _ it to you tomorrow.A. typed; send B. to type; to send C. type; send D. typed; to send25. The sun was shining brightly, _ everything there _ more beautiful.A. making; look B. to make; looked C. and made; looking D. and

45、 making; be looked26. How could he get the plan _ without any one to support him?A. to carry out B. carry out C. carrying out D. carried out 27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _.A. being fully accepting B. fully accepting C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted 28. Having passe

46、d all the tests, she felt a great weight _ off her mind.A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken 29. Im examining the article he has just finished _ the possible mistakes in it.A. being corrected B. to correct C. corrected D. having corrected30. _ full preparations, we decided to put off the meetin

47、g till next week.A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made31. We should prevent such a silly mistake _ again.A. occurring B. to occur C. to be occurred D. from being occurred 32. I regret _ hard at school, or I would have succeeded in passing the exam.A. not to work

48、 B. having not worked C. to have not worked D. not having worked33. They looked forward with hope _ a chance to receive further education.A. for getting B. of getting C. to get D. to getting34. “Well, Ill tell you a secret .” said the boy, with his mouth almost _ my ear.A. touched B. touching C. tou

49、ch D. to touch 35. Towards evening, the patient opened his mouth as if _ something to his son.A. said B. say C. to say D. to have said36. - Would you be _ lend me your bicycle? - Sure.A. so kind as to B. kind enough as to C. very kind to D. so kind to37. The beach is so beautiful that it is worthwhile, I think, _ for a short holiday.A. of going B. to be going C. your going D. you to go38. The teacher asked more _ to prevent the students eyes from being injured.A. to do B. done C. to be done D. being done39. Some of the schools in Shanghai have moved one step cl