2017-2018學(xué)年高中英語Module4GreatScientistsSection

1、語法圖解譽(yù)更莢種目更.-1 by+1 by+thw具體的時(shí)1;間或度址名詞ii 三4=壬三一-一W4耳三二耳探究發(fā)現(xiàn)1Rice is also grownin many other Asian countries.2Researchers were brought i nfrom all over China to develop the new system.3The research was supported by the gover nment.4In Pakista n ricewill be grow n in many parts of the coun try.5The new

2、 hybridrice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-techAgricultural Compa ny of China.6The shop closes at 6 : 00 pm every day.7The apple tastes good.8The new produ ct by the companysells well.9Open the door by winding the han dle.10People usually greet each otherby shak ing hands我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1) 句采用了一般

3、現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成形式為：am/is/are + done。(2) 句采用了一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成形式為：was/were + done。(3) 句分別用了一般將來時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。(4) 句中謂語動詞以主動形式表示被動意義。(5) 句中，by+v.-ing 形式表示通過.方式。一、被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)表示主語為動作的承受者，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)由“ be+及Module 4 Great Scie ntists SectionnGrammar-復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)和KEQJANZIZHU JNGWUby + v；主動形式表衆(zhòng)嵌1動盤義的用法;KETAJNGYAODIAby

4、+形式:吾缶的構(gòu)成更丙鞭新番玉田|應(yīng)注盤的悄況2物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。1 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are + doneBefore you leave the lab , make sure the electricity is turned off and the windows are shut .在你離開實(shí)驗(yàn)室之前，要確保電源被切斷，窗戶被關(guān)好。(2) 般過去時(shí)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：was/were + do neThe foreig n guests were give n a warm welcome by the childre n.孩子們

5、熱烈地歡迎外賓。(3) 一般將來時(shí)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：shall/will + be+ doneMore space exploratio nswill be made in the future by the Chin ese people.中國人民在將來將進(jìn)行更多的太空探索?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are + being + doneThey are livi ng with their pare nts for the mome nt because their own houseisbeing rebuilt .他們現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)和父母一起居住，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟ā?5)

6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：was/were + being + doneAfter school we went to the read in g-room to do some readi ng, only to be toldthat it was being decorated .放學(xué)后，我們?nèi)ラ営[室看書，結(jié)果卻被告知閱覽室正在裝修。(6) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：has/have been + doneLi Hua has bee n electedmon itor of our class to take the place of Ma Li.李華已取代馬麗，被選為我班班長。(7)

7、 過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：had been + doneWhenwe got on the spot of the accident,we were told that the injured had beensent to the nearest hospital.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)事故現(xiàn)場時(shí)，我們被告知傷員已經(jīng)被送往最近的醫(yī)院。(8) 將來完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：will/shall + have been + doneOn her n ext birthday, Annwill have bee n marriedfor twenty years.到下一次過生日的時(shí)候，安結(jié)婚就要滿二十年了。(9

8、) 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+be+ done3The boy feels hot on the forehead, so hemust be sent to hospital at once.這個(gè)男孩的額頭摸起來發(fā)熱，所以必須被立刻送往醫(yī)院。即時(shí)演練 1用所給詞的被動語態(tài)填空1(2016 江蘇高考改編)More efforts, as reported, will_be_made (make) in the years ahead toaccelerate the supply-side structure reform.2(2015 北京高考改編)Did you enjoy

9、the party?Yes, we were_treated (treat) well by our hosts.3(2015 天津高考改編)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreementhas_been_reached (reach) so far by the two sides.4(2014 天津高考改編)We wont start the work until all the preparationshave_been_made (make).5一 Why dont we choose that road to save time?

10、The bridge to it is_bein g_repaired (repair)2.使用被動語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的情況(1) 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)(take place, break out, come true, belong to,date from, happen等)。A fire broke out in his house yesterday.昨天他家著火了。(2) 含有介詞或副詞的及物動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，介詞或副詞不可省略(look after,look for, take care of, put off, break into等)。The childre n ar

11、e take n good care of in the kin dergarte n.孩子們在幼兒園里被照顧得很好。(3) 帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動詞變被動語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變成主語，而把賓語補(bǔ)足語(在被動語態(tài)中叫作主語補(bǔ)足語)放在動詞之后。We always keep the classroom clea n and tidy.TThe classroomis always kept clea n and tidyby us.我們總是保持教室干凈而且整潔。名師點(diǎn)津 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make等感官動詞

12、或使役動詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to，但當(dāng)主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號to 必須加上。A girl saw my wallet drop whe n she passed by.4TMy wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.一個(gè)姑娘路過時(shí)看到我的錢包掉了。即時(shí)演練 2完成句子1The game takes place every four years in a different country.這種活動每四年在不同的國家舉行一次。2Many interesting experimentsare_carried_out

13、in our laboratory.我們在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做了許多有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。3He is_ofte n_heard_to_play the guitar.我們經(jīng)常聽到他彈吉他。4The old templedates_from the Ming Dyn asty.那座古廟起源于明朝。3.主動形式表示被動意義的用法某些連系動詞，如look, sou nd, smell, feel, taste, prove等，可用主動形式表示被動意義，因?yàn)檫B系動詞為不及物動詞，它們沒有被動語態(tài)形式。That dog looks dangerous.那只狗看起來很危險(xiǎn)。(2) 某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)”或性能”的及物動

14、詞，如：lock, shut, open,move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw, cut, drink , eat 等常用主動形式表示被動意義。這些詞后常有副詞修飾，如well , easily 等。The cloth washes well and is comfortable to wear.這種布很容易洗而且穿起來很舒服。(3) need, require, want, deserve等詞，當(dāng)主語為物時(shí)，接動名詞的主動形式，表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。The flowers n eed wateri ng

15、or they will die.=The flowers n eed to be watered or they will die.這些花需要澆水，否則它們會死。(4) 形容詞 worth 后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。The picture-book is wellworth readi ng這本圖畫書很值得一讀。(5) 在主語+ be +形容詞(+ for sb.) + to do ”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語與構(gòu)成不定式的動詞存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且形容詞表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。常見的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, important,

16、 interesting, strange ,impossible , comfortable , dangerous 等。5This article is difficult to read. I n eed some one to expla in it to me.這篇文章很難讀懂，我需要一個(gè)人給我解釋一下。(6) 不定式作定語修飾名詞，與前面的名詞有動賓關(guān)系，且句中有不定式的邏輯主語時(shí)，用動詞不定式主動形式表示被動意義。I have a lot of homework to do this after noon.今天下午我有很多的家庭作業(yè)要做。Please give me someth

17、ingto eat .請給我些東西吃。(7)某些動詞不定式如 to blame, to let等， 作表語時(shí)用主動形式表示被動意義。The boy was to blame for what he had done.這個(gè)男孩為他的所作所為受到了批評(責(zé)備)。即時(shí)演練 3用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1(重慶高考改編)AMidsummerNight sDreanopens (ope n) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,and the n tours throughout Scotla nd.2(陜西高考改編)As a result of the serious fl

18、ood, two-thirds of the buildingsin the area n eed repairing (repair).3The stone is heavy for the boy to_lift (lift)_4The questi on is difficultto_answer (a nswer)5This kind of book sells (sell) well.二、by +v.-ing形式1. by +v.-ing形式，表示以某種方式來達(dá)到某種目的He passed the examby work ing hard.通過努力學(xué)習(xí)，他通過了考試。2. by 表示

19、“方式”的其他用法(1) by +交通工具，如：by car/bus/bike/pla ne 等。I go to school by bike every day.我每天騎自行車去上學(xué)。(2) by + the +具體的時(shí)間或度量名詞，女口 by the day/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen打)等。6He is paid by the hour .他按小時(shí)得到報(bào)酬。即時(shí)演練 4(1)完成句子1The old man makes a living by selling_newspapers (靠賣報(bào)紙).2(北京高考改編)One learns a Ianguage by

20、making mistakes and correcting them (通過犯錯并改正它們).3They went to Shanghaiby air/plane ( 乘飛機(jī)).4These eggs are sold by thedozen ( 按打).7用 by doing 形式改寫下列句子1You can reach there if you take a bus.TYou can reach thereby_taking_a_bus.2Stude nts lear n things whe n they do exercises after school.by_do in g_exe

21、rcises_after_school.3If we practice ofte n, we can operate the mach ine well.TBy_practicin g_ofte n,_we ca n operate the mach ine well.I.單句語法填空1.He hoped that he would_be_given (give) a more suitable job.2.Having_bee n_trapped (trap) in the mi ne for two days, the miners fin allywererescued.3.Every

22、one dislikes bein g_made (make) fun of by others.4.Dont lose heart! The problem can be_prevented (prevent) from getting worse.5.About thirty volunteers will_have_been_selected to the Mars throughouttheworld by 2018.6.(北京高考改編 )Shakespeares playHamlethas_been_made (make) into at least tendiffere nt fi

23、lms over the past years.7.(北京高考改編)So what is the procedure?All the applicantsare_interviewed(interview)before a final decision is madeby the authority.8.(遼寧高考改編 )We are con fide nt that the environment will_bemprovedby ourfurther efforts to reduce polluti on.9.The government announced that six highw

24、ays had been built (build) by the end of last year.10.It is said that the subway will have_been_completed by 2017.11. A dinner party was being held (hold) in celebration of the great achievements she had madewhe n I called her yesterday.12.It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build)

25、at present inTStude nts lear n thingsKEHOUQIANGHUAXUNLIAJN8the disaster area.13.The teacher will get angry if your homework is not finished (not, finish)on time.14.A lot of water is wasted (waste) every year. Its a serious problem.15. What do you think of the book?Oh, great. Its worth read ing （read

26、） a sec ond time.n.單句改錯1. Having shown the classroom, we were taken to the library.Having _ 后力口_been2.The children aretaught how to operate the machine now.are后力口 being3.By the end of last month, all of hisworks have been published.havehad4.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told t

27、he cloth washwell. washwashes5. In the last few years thousands of films had been produced all over the world. had have川.單句寫作1.（2015 陜西高考滿分作文）1 have just learned from theadvertisement that20_student_volunteers_are_wanted （需要 20 名學(xué)生志愿者）for the English CultureFestival.2._（2015天津高考滿分作文）The textbooks an

28、d dictionaries can_be_used（_ 可以 被用作）as referenee books while the magazines serve as reading materials.3. （2014 天津高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文）Our school is_located_in （ _ 坐落在）a northern cityof China, where you can taste many kinds of delicious food, because it is well famous for its sn acks.4.（2014 天津高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文_）Our class is

29、_made_up_of_50_lively_boys_and_gi_（由 50 名活潑可愛的男孩女孩組成）,who are warm and generous and ready to offer help.5.（2014 天 津 高 考 滿 分 作 文）1 hope you9will_be_accepted_as_a_member_of_our_class （將被接受為我們班的一員）.6. （2014 上海高考滿分作文 ）As far as I am concerned, I think that the columnconcerning entertainment should be rem