新視野大學(xué)英語第三版讀寫教程第一冊(cè)第一單元課文單詞詳解

1、word文件格式精心整理版.Section A Text A Toward a brighter future for all1. Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge

2、to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.下午好！作為校長，我非常自豪地歡迎你們來到這所大學(xué)。你們所取得的成就是你們自己多年努力的結(jié)果，也是你們的父母和老師們多年努力的結(jié)果。在這所大學(xué)里，我們承諾將使你們學(xué)有所成。Words and phrase2. achievement n something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing:e.g. An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievem

3、ent for one so young.3. triumphn being successful or victorious 成功，勝禾shouts of triumphgreat achievement or success 成功one of the triumphs of modern sciencev. (over sb/sth) be successful or victorious triumph over one's difficulties戰(zhàn)勝困難.4. pledge v sth (to sb/sth) (fml ) promise solemnly to give (

4、support,etc); give (one's word, honour, etc) as a pledge 保證給予(支持等) ;以(誓言、 名譽(yù)等)作 擔(dān)保：pledge loyalty to the king 發(fā)誓效忠國王 be pledged to keeping a secret 誓守秘密. sb/oneself (to sth/to do sth) promise solemnly that sb/one will do sth or support a cause, etc保證某人自己做某事或支持某事業(yè)等The Government has pledged itsel

5、f to send aid to the famine victims. 政府已承諾賑濟(jì) 饑民.Tn leave (sth) with sb as a pledged當(dāng)(某物)He's pledged his mother's wedding ring.Tn (fml ) drink to the health of (sb); toast (sb)為(某人)的健康祝酒;向(某人) 祝酒：pledge the bride (新娘)and bridegroom (新郎)5. rewarding adj giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or p

6、rofit 值得的；有意義的；有 回報(bào)的Our journey to the orphanage (1®J L 院)was a very rewarding experience.Antonym: unrewardingSynonym: satisfying6. as.as possible as + adj / adv +as ; as + adj + n + as 盡力做某事的意思We have to run as fast as possible.Can you say it as loudly as possible?I hope you ' ll stay as l

7、ong as possible.We need as many apples as possible.You must come back as soon as possible.Word formation note:adj suffix -ing1 . -ing加在某些transitive verb后，構(gòu)成adj,主要用于表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，或 .內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)完整.學(xué)用共享.word文件格式精心整理版.某物或某事給人的感覺、情感、印象等。這類詞包括 welcoming, charming, discouraging, disgusting, frightening, alarming, su

8、rprising等。例如：a welcoming smile 熱情的微笑a charming house on the outskirts of the town 在城鎮(zhèn)交B外的棟漂亮的房子an alarming increase in housing price 房價(jià)的驚人增長A surprising number of men stay bache10rs.有相當(dāng)多的男子仍然是單身。2 .-ing加在intransitive verb之后，構(gòu)成adj,表示某事或某人仍然處于某種狀態(tài)。例 如：a recurring problem 反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的問題his aging mother他那日漸蒼老的

9、母親He wore his hair in the prevailing fashion.他的頭發(fā)理的是當(dāng)時(shí)盛行的發(fā)型。Paraphrase1 Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers.Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success.This successis due tomany years of your hard work, and many

10、years of your parents' and teachers ' hard work2 Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.Meaning: Here at the university, we promise to make your educational experience as worthwhile as possible.3 . In welcoming you to the university, I

11、am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still o

12、n my office desk.在歡迎你們到來的這一刻，我想起自己高中畢業(yè)時(shí)的情景，還有媽媽為我和爸爸拍 的合影。媽媽吩咐我們：“姿勢自然點(diǎn)?！薄暗纫坏?，”爸爸說，“把我遞給他鬧鐘的情景拍下來。”在大學(xué)期間，那個(gè)鬧鐘每天早晨叫醒我。至今它還放在我辦公室的桌子上。Words and phrase1. remind v inform (sb) of a fact or tell (sb) to do sth he may have forgotten 提醒： Do I have to remind you yet again?Remind me to answer that letter. sb

13、 of sb/sth cause sb to remember or be newly aware of sb/sth 使某人回想起或意 識(shí)到某人某事物:He reminds me of his brother.This song reminds me of France.reminder n sth. that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth. 起提醒作用 的東西The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn' t quite finished.The waiters were

14、 clearing the tables, which served as a reminder that it was time to leave.2. pose v(a) I, Ipr (for sb) sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed擺好姿勢(以便畫像或拍照)：He had to pose wearing a laurel wreath.他得擺好戴著月桂花冠的姿勢.*(b) Tn put (sb) in a particular position in o

15、rder to paint, draw or photograph him 使(某人）擺好姿勢（以便畫像或拍照）：The artist posed his model carefully.那位畫家仔細(xì)擺好模特兒的姿勢.I （derog 貶）behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress people 裝腔 作勢：Stop posing and tell us what you really think.別裝蒜啦，告訴我們你的真實(shí)想法 吧.pose n1 position in which a person poses or

16、is posed （pose 1b）（為畫像或拍照而擺的） 姿勢， 姿態(tài)：She adopted an elegant pose.她擺了一個(gè)優(yōu)美的姿勢.2 （derog 貶）unnatural or affected way of behaving, intended to impress people 裝腔作 勢的舉動(dòng)：His concern for the poor is only a pose.他對(duì)窮人的關(guān)心只不過是做做樣子 罷了.Paraphrase1 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high sc

17、hool graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. （Para. 2）Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.3 Let me share with you something that you may not expect. You will miss you

18、r old routines and your parents' reminders to work hard and attain your best. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! But know this: The future is built on a strong found

19、ation of the past.讓我來告訴你們一些你們未必預(yù)料得到的事情。你們將會(huì)懷念以前的生活習(xí)慣，懷 念父母曾經(jīng)提醒你們要刻苦學(xué)習(xí)、取得佳績。你們可能因?yàn)楦咧猩罱K于結(jié)束而喜 極而泣，你們的父母也可能因?yàn)榻K于不用再給你們洗衣服而喜極而泣！但是要記住：未來是建立在過去扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上的。Words and phrase1. routine n C, U fixed and regular way of doing things® 序； 公事； 常規(guī)： She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement

20、.do sth as a matter of routine 按常規(guī)辦事attrib作定語routine tasks, chores, duties, etc日常工作、日常事務(wù)、 例行職責(zé).C set sequence of movements in a dance or some other performance 舞蹈等表演的 成套動(dòng)作:go through a dance routine做套舞蹈動(dòng)作.routine adj usual; habitual; regular 通常的；慣例的；例行的：the routine procedure 例行手續(xù) * routine maintenan

21、ce 定期的保養(yǎng) * routinely adv.2. attain v Tn succeed in getting （sth）; achieveattain a position of power 獲得權(quán)位attain one's goal, objective, ambition, etcattain our target of 50000達(dá)到我們的50000英鎊的目標(biāo).attainable adj that can be attainedThese objectives are certainly attainable.attainment n U success in reac

22、hing 達(dá)至 U;至 U 達(dá):The attainment of her ambitions was still a dream.她要實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)仍是種夢(mèng)想 .C usu pl thing attained, esp skill or knowledge 成就; 造 t旨：a scholar of the highest attainments 造詣極高的學(xué)者.3. finished adj pred (not before noun) no longer doing, dealing with, or using sth.(with sb/sth) (infml 口)I won't b

23、e finished for another hour.我還有一個(gè)小時(shí)才能完事 .Are you finished with my tools yet?我的工具你用完了嗎？She decided she was finished with working for others.她決定不再為別人做事 .4. may have done sth.: used for talking about past possibilitiesShe might have changed her mind and decided not to come.5. foundation nU act of found

24、ing (an institution, organization, etc) 建立，倉立，創(chuàng)辦:the foundation of the universityC (a) (organization set up to provide) sums of money for research, charity, etc (為研究、慈善事業(yè)等提供的)基金，基金會(huì)：You may be able to get support from an arts foundation.C usu pl layer of bricks, concrete, etc forming the solid base

25、of a building underground 地基；房基；基礎(chǔ)：lay the foundations of a building 給建筑物奠基C, U principle, idea or fact on which sth is based; basis (作為某事的) 基本原則、思想或事實(shí)；基礎(chǔ)：lay the foundations of one's career 奠定個(gè)人事業(yè)的基礎(chǔ) *That rumor has no foundation.那謠言沒有事實(shí)根據(jù).Grammar一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容推測的常見句型有：1、Can/may do sth：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的可

26、能性的推測；2、Must do sth：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于對(duì)過去內(nèi)容推薦的常見句型：1、can/may have done sth：表示對(duì)過去內(nèi)容的可能性；2、must have done sth：表示對(duì)過去內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測。例：It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.He may have got lost.Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.I believe he must

27、 have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.Collocation note:1. do是最常見的表示“做”的動(dòng)詞。e.g. Today I have a lot of work to do.2. do常常和表示鍛煉或勞動(dòng)等方面的名詞或動(dòng)名詞連用。e.g. do physical exercise/the dishes/one ' s cookingParaphrase1. You will miss your old routines and your parents' reminders to

28、 work hard and attainyour best. (Para. 3)Meaning: You will miss your usual life patterns and yo ur parents ' reminding words that you should work hard and achieve the best you can.2. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of

29、 joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! (Para.3.Meaning: Perhaps you were so happy that you cried because at last you finished high school, and perhaps your parents were so happy that they cried because eventually they.內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)完整.學(xué)用共享.word文件格式精心整理版.wouldn ' t have to do your laundry any

30、 more!Note: Pay attention to the humor the president creates by contrasting the different responses from children and their parents they all cried, but for different reasons!3.But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of the past. (Para. 3) Meaning: But you should know that your futu

31、re can only be attained when it is built on a solid past.4 For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and s

32、tudent organizations covering every possible interest from the arts to science, to community service and so on. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. I want to encourage you

33、to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity.對(duì)你們而言，接下來的四年將會(huì)是無與倫比的一段時(shí)光。在這里，你們擁有豐富的資源：有來自全國各地的有趣的學(xué)生，有學(xué)識(shí)淵博又充滿愛心的老師，有綜合性圖 書館，有完備的運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)施，還有針對(duì)不同興趣的學(xué)生社團(tuán)一一從文科社團(tuán)到理科社 團(tuán)、到社區(qū)服務(wù)等等。你們將自由地探索、學(xué)習(xí)新科目。你們要學(xué)著習(xí)慣點(diǎn)燈熬油，學(xué)著結(jié)交充滿魅力的人，學(xué)著去追求新的愛好。我想鼓勵(lì)你們充分利

34、用這一特殊的經(jīng)歷，并用你們的干勁和熱情去收獲這一機(jī)會(huì)所帶來的豐碩成果。Words and phrase1. unlike adj pred 作表語dissimilar; differentThey are so unlike nobody would believe they were sisters.prep different from (sth); not like 與(某事物)不同；不像.： Her latest novel is quite unlike her earlier work.2. resource nC usu pl supply of raw materials, e

35、tc which bring a country, person, etc wealth 資源: rich in natural, mineral, agricultural, etc resources 自然的、礦產(chǎn)的、農(nóng)業(yè)的 資源豐田(fml ) ingenuity or quick wit; initiative 才智; 機(jī)敏；倉造精神： a man of great resource 足智多謀的男子.3. learned: a. (fml.) learned people have a lot of knowledge because they have read and studie

36、d a lot有學(xué)問的;博學(xué)的My advisor is a very learned person and she could answer any question I asked.4. caring: a. thinking about what other people need or want and trying to help them 關(guān)心他人的；樂于助人的The school provides a caring environment for students.學(xué)校為學(xué)生提供了 充滿關(guān)懷的 環(huán)境。5. faculty C usually plural a natural ab

37、ility to hear, see, think, move, etc: the faculty of sight 視力 the mental faculties 智力C of/for doing sth a special ability to do a particular thing 做某事物的特殊才能： have a great faculty for learning languages 有學(xué)習(xí)語言的才能 .She has a faculty for inspiring confidence in people.(AmE) all the teachers of a particu

38、lar university or college大學(xué)的全體教員.faculty members.內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)完整.學(xué)用共享.word文件格式精心整理版.6. facility nU, sing ability to learn or do things easily 容易學(xué)好或做好事物的能力： have (a) great facility for (learning) languages有 (學(xué)習(xí)) 語言的天才 He plays the piano with surprising facility.他彈奏鋼琴神乎其技 .facilities pl circumstances, equipmen

39、t, etc that make it possible, or easier, to do sth;aids能夠或易於做某事的環(huán)境、 設(shè)備等；輔助物：'sports facilities 運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)施facilities for study有助學(xué)習(xí)的設(shè)施 medical facilities7. community n. sing the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole社區(qū)；團(tuán)體；集體；社會(huì)：work for the good of the community 為集體禾益

40、4;務(wù) community service社會(huì)服務(wù)工作n. group of people of the same religion, race, occupation, etc, or with shared interests 宗教信仰、種族、職業(yè)等方面相同的人構(gòu)成的集體：the Chinese community in Paris 在巴黎的華僑團(tuán)體 a community of monks 僧侶團(tuán)體.8. get by (on sth) manage to live, survive, etc (using the specified resources); manage; cope (

41、靠某物)勉強(qiáng)維生；設(shè)法維持；對(duì)付：How does she get by on such a small salary?He gets by on very little money.9. on: prep.1) eating or drinking a particular type of food or drink in order to stay alive 靠生存 Using a cave as shelter, the man survived on wild berries and raw fish.這個(gè)人以山洞為 住所，靠吃野果和生魚活了下來。2) using a particu

42、lar type of fuel or electrical power in order to operate 靠運(yùn)行 Why can' t we make a car that runs on water?我們?yōu)槭裁床荒苤圃斐隹克π旭偟?汽王呢？10. fascinating adj extremely interesting:The book offers a fascinating glimpse of the lives of the rich and famous.11. pursue v Tn (fml ) follow (sb/sth), esp in order t

43、o catch or kill; chase pursue a wild animal, a thief(continue to) be occupied or busy with (sth); go on with 進(jìn)行She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.I have decided not to pursue (ie investigate) the matter any further.12. reap v to cut and collect a crop, especially corn

44、, from a fieldSow the wind and, reap the whirlwind (saying )播種的是風(fēng)，收割的是暴風(fēng)start sth that seems fairly harmless and have to suffer unforeseen consequences that are serious or disastrous原無大害的事，彳爰果卻不堪設(shè)想.(fig ) receive (sth) as a result of one's own or others' actions 獲得reap the reward of years of

45、 study從多年研究中獲得報(bào)償Paraphrase1. For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. (Para. 4)Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will be different from any other period of time in your life.2. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the

46、 country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest from the arts to science, to community service and so on. (Para. 4)Meaning beyond words: Here the president is introducing to students the many resourc

47、es available on campus: interesting schoolmates, knowledgeable and helpful teachers, a big library, great sports equipment, various student organizations, etc. All these will help make students ' campus life colorful and fulfilling.3. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subj

48、ects. (Para. 4) Meaning: You will have the freedom to examine and learn about new subjects.4. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. (Para. 4)Meaning: You will learn to manage with very little sleep, meet very interesting people, and find new

49、 interests.5. I want to encourage you to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity. (Para. 4) Meaning: I want to encourage you to do all you can to take advantage of this special experience, and to use your energy and pass

50、ion to benefit from this chance.5 You may feel overwhelmed by the wealth of courses available to you. You will not be able to experience them all, but sample them widely! College offers many things to do and to learn, and each of them offers a different way to see the world. If I could give you only

51、 one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: Challenge yourself! Don't assume that you know in advance what fields will interest you the most. Take some courses in fields you've never tried before. You will not only emerge as a more broadly educated person, but you will al

52、so stand a better chance of discovering an unsuspected passion that will help to shape your future. A wonderful example of this is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, who originally studied art history. Over time, Wang paired her studies in art history with her love of fashion and turned it into a pass

53、ion for design, which made her a famous designer around the world.有這么多課程可供選擇，你可能會(huì)不知所措。你不可能選修所有的課程，但是要盡可能體驗(yàn)更多的課程！大學(xué)里有很多事情可做可學(xué)，每件事情都會(huì)為你提供不同視角來審視世界。如果我只能給你們一條選課建議的話，那就是：挑戰(zhàn)自己！ 不要認(rèn)為你早就了解自己對(duì)什么樣的領(lǐng)域最感興趣。選擇一些你從未接觸過的領(lǐng)域的課程。這樣，你不僅會(huì)變得更加博學(xué)，而且更有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)你未曾想到的、能成就 你未來的愛好。一個(gè)絕佳的例子就是時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師王薇薇，她最初學(xué)的是藝術(shù)史。隨著時(shí)間的推移，王薇薇把藝術(shù)史研究和

54、對(duì)時(shí)裝的熱愛結(jié)合起來，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)設(shè) 計(jì)的熱情，從而使她成為全球聞名的設(shè)計(jì)師。overwhelm v Tn usu passive cover (sth/sb) completely by flowing over or pouring down on it/him (以澆或灌的方式)淹沒A great mass of water overwhelmed the village.大水淹沒了村莊.(fig ) be overwhelmed with grief, sorrow, despair, etc 陷入悲哀、 悲痛、 絕望等之中 (fig ) Overwhelmed with grati

55、tude感激萬分(b) overpower (sb/sth), esp by force of numbers; defeat 壓倒，制® (以數(shù)量勝)；擊?。?be overwhelmed by the enemyoverwhelming adj attrib too great to resist or overcome; very great 壓倒切的無法 抗拒的；巨大的：an overwhelming urge to smoke 不可遏止的吸煙沖動(dòng)an overwhelming victory 極大的勝禾.內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)完整.學(xué)用共享.word文件格式精心整理版.the overw

56、helming majority of people 壓倒性多數(shù).wealth n U (possession of a) large amount of money, property, etc; riches 貝才富 Wealth had not brought them happiness.singof sth large amount or number of sth; abundance of sth 大量, 眾多, a book with a wealth of illustrations 有大量插圖的書a wealth of opportunitywealthy adj (-ie

57、r, -iest) richwealthily adv.available adj not usually before noun (of things) that can be used or obtained You will be informed when the book becomes available.這本書有貨時(shí)就通知你 .There is no money available for this project.(of people) free to be seen, talked to, etcI'm available in the afternoon. 我下午有

58、空. availability n U.sample n 貨樣；樣品；標(biāo)本a blood sample 血樣The survey covers a representative sample of the population 這項(xiàng)調(diào)查涉及到社會(huì)各階層的人士 .small amount of a product given away free 免費(fèi)分發(fā)的/、量試樣 ；贈(zèng)樣： hand out free samples of the perfume 送出香水的贈(zèng)樣a sample pack, sachet, etc饋贈(zèng)的小包、 小袋等樣品.v try out or examine (sth) by taking a sample or by experiencing it 抽樣檢查 sample the delights of Chinese food 品嘗中國美食ass