定語從句筆記匯總

1、定語從句1 .概述：在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞和代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞和代詞叫先行詞， 通常位于定語從句之前。 引導(dǎo)定于從句的是關(guān)系代詞that , which , who(whom,whose ) 和關(guān)系副詞when, where,why .關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間，它即起連接作用，又充當(dāng)從句的一個(gè)成分，含定語從句的的復(fù)合句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。2 .種類：定語從句分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，限制性定語從句是句子不可缺少的組成部分， 如果沒有從句先行詞的意義就不明確或不完整， 主句也不完整。 非限制性定語從句是主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明， 沒有從句

2、不影響主句意思的明確和完整， 這種從句用逗號(hào)與主句分開，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用 which ,who ,不用that。而限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who , whom ,whose , that ,which ,where, when, why 等。我們這里要講的是限制性定語從句。3 . 引導(dǎo)詞( 1) who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句：修飾表示人的先行詞，在從句中作主語或賓語，作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)用 whom,而且常被省略，在口語中常用 who 代替 whom。This is the English teacher who teaches my son . the man who/whom I saw

3、 just now is Mr Hu.(2) which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句：修飾表示事物的先行詞，在句中充當(dāng)主 語賓語表語。He is reading a book which is about war . he is reading a book which he bought from London .注意：which與介詞搭配使用，介詞可放在 which之前，若是固定詞 組一般不可拆開。The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now is Lu Xun Museum .This is the magazine which you are lookin

4、g for .(3)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句：一般情況下，that可以指人或物，可以代替 who, whom ,which在句子中做主語或謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。但不能作介 詞的賓語。當(dāng)先行詞Is that doctor that /who you talked about yesterday .The letter that /which I received yesterday from my school .(4 ) whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句：whose是who和which的所有格譯作某個(gè)(些)人或物的，它指代的先行詞既可以是人也可以是物。修飾先行詞的同時(shí)在句中作定語。This is the li

5、ttle girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake .We lived in a house whose windows open to the south .注意：由于whose具有who和which的所有格的雙重功能，所以在 指人時(shí)，可以用of whom代替whose指物時(shí)可以用of which來代替whose .This kind of book is for children whose native language is Chinese .(the native language of whom .)Mr Brow

6、n has written a novel whose name I ' vecompletely forgotten .(the name of which )(5) when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 :when 表時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語。I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School .(6) why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 :why 表示原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語，其先行詞只有表示原因的 reason 一詞。We don t know the reasonwhy he was late for sc

7、hool .(7)where引導(dǎo)的定語從句：where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀 語。This is the factory where father works .3 .關(guān)系代詞的用法：A下列情況只能用that不能用who ,which .(1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)。 He was the first man that passed the exam.(2) 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的 all , any , much , little, everything ,something , nothing ,none, the one 時(shí)。Is there anything that

8、you don t interested ?(3) 當(dāng)先行詞被以下詞修飾時(shí)， the only, the very. The same , the last, little , few , much, all, so, any , no 等. He is the only person that saw the accident .(4) 先行詞同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí)。 I can remember the person and some pictures that I saw in the room以 who 和 which 引導(dǎo)的特殊問句。 Who is the girl that is cry

9、ing(6) 主句是 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)， 修飾主語是物從句用that。There is a book on the desk belongs to him . There is little work thatis fit for you(7)當(dāng)先行詞作主句的表語時(shí)。.China is not the country that used to國不再是過去那樣的國家。(8)以 the way ,distance ,direction 為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由 in which或 That 引 導(dǎo) ， 通 常 可 以 省 略如 ： The way (that/in which) he

10、answered the questions was surprising.他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。I don t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子B 關(guān)系詞只能用 which 的。(1)先行詞為 that, those表示物時(shí)，what' s that which is under the desk ?(5) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。 This is the room in which he lives .this is the room that he lives in(6) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

11、。 Tom came back , which made us happy .(4)當(dāng)主句中的主語被that 修飾時(shí)。 That dog which I found in thestreet belongs to Mary.C關(guān)系代詞只能用who不用that(1)當(dāng)先行詞為those ,he ,she , any等代詞表示人時(shí)，He who doesn ' t reach the Great Wall is not a true man .(2)在there be句型中，先行詞指人，關(guān)系詞用whoThere is an old man who wants to see you.Ther

12、e are many young men who are against him.?修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that和who, whom的區(qū)分。?當(dāng)主句中的主語是 who時(shí)，只能用that。? eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?在非限制性定語從句中以及介詞后面時(shí)只能用who或者whom。? eg. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting.? There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.?關(guān)系代詞whose既能

13、修飾人，也能修飾物，在定語從句中充當(dāng) 定語，修飾先行詞。? eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.? Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black.? D關(guān)系副詞 when, where和關(guān)系代詞that, which的區(qū)分?同樣是修飾一個(gè)地點(diǎn)，有時(shí)使用 where,有時(shí)使用that/which;?同樣是修飾一個(gè)時(shí)間，有時(shí)使用 when,有時(shí)使用that/which?要看：從句意思是否完整；完整的話需用關(guān)系副詞， 若意思不完整則需加關(guān)系代詞充

14、當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。二是定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是否是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),1.不及物動(dòng)詞后無介詞時(shí)，先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，用when （時(shí)間）或where （地點(diǎn)）.2.及物動(dòng)詞后有介詞時(shí)，先 行詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，用whom,that,who （指人）或that,which（指物）或省略.及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞； 而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。?請比較以下句子：? This is the park that we visited last year.（從句意思不完整需要 加賓語）? This is the park where we held a birt

15、hday party.（從句完整，只需加上特定的關(guān)系副詞）? That' s the date that she won t forget for ever.? That' s the date when we went to the college.? I like the time that we had together.? I like the time when we lived together.? She won' t forget the days that she spent on the island.? She won' t forget

16、the days when they stayed together.? That' s the date when we went to the college.? That' s the date that she won t forget for ever.? 1. Is this the room _ that you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room where we lived before? 3. This is the garden _where_ they stayed for a night.? 4. This i

17、s the garden _that_ they visited last time.? 5. Tom has forgotten the day when_when_ he left his home.? 6. Tom has forgotten the day _that_ I told him last day.?7. She still remembers the year _when_ she found her firstjob.? 8. She still remembers the year _that_ she spent in Jining.? E 關(guān)系副詞 when, w

18、here, why 和介詞 +which 之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。如： when=in/on/at +which, where=in/on/at +which, why=for+which 介詞的位置非常靈活， 有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。? eg. 1. I won t forget the date when( on which) I was born.? 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived i

19、n.? 3. I don t know the reason why (for which) he haven t come today.? 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 限制性和非限制性定語從句? 1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明， 去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。例如：? This is the house which we bought last mo

20、nth這是我們上個(gè)月買 的那幢房子。 （限制性）? The house, which we bought last month, is very nice 幢房子彳艮 漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。 （非限制性）? 2） 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：? Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last yea查理? 史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。? My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我 去 年

21、買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。? This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching這本小 說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。? 3） 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞 , 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾 , 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：? He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。? Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation液態(tài)

22、水 變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。?說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從 句。非限定性定語從句 由 as, which 引導(dǎo)? 由as, which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè) 主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that As 一般放在句首，which在 句中。例如：? As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health如我們所知，吸 煙有害健康。? The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us太 P日使地 球暖起來，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?

23、 典型例題? 1Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.? A. it B. that C. which D. he? 答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which., it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連 接。況且選he句意不通。? 2The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we co uld expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it? 答案 B 。 which

24、可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而 what 不可。 That 不能用于非限定性定語從句， it 不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。?3)It rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it? 答案 B. as 和 which 在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)， 這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語 和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：?(1) as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中

25、作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用 which. 。在本題中，prevent 由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B 。? as 的用法? 例1. the same as; such, as中的as是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)，和,，一樣，, 。例如：? I have got into the same trouble as h(e has) . 我碰到了跟他一 樣的麻煩。?例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有正如'。例如：? As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health 如我們所知， 吸煙有害健康。? A

26、s is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As 是關(guān)系代 詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語， 謂語動(dòng)詞 know 要用被動(dòng)式。?做題思路定語從句：應(yīng)放于名詞或代詞之后，且從句中缺少句子成分10從句中少主語，從 which, that, who, as中選擇從句中少賓語,從句中少狀語,which, that, who, whom, as 中選擇D.where, when, why中選擇（可換為介詞+which）引導(dǎo)詞先行詞成分關(guān)who人主，賓系whom人賓（可?。┐鷚hich物主，賓（可?。┰~that人或物主，賓（可?。﹚hose人或物士 7E(=of whom/which)關(guān)where地點(diǎn)詞狀系(二介詞+which)副when時(shí)間詞狀詞仔介詞+ which)why (