人教版英語必修五unit5知識點

1、必修五unit5知識點詳解1. Aid (V)幫助；援助=helpsb幫助某人去做.aid sb to do在事幫助某人aid sb in.He aided me in business.I aided her to continue her study.At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor.n /U/幫助；援助在某人的幫助下with the aid of為了幫助maid ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of computers.He raised money in aid of the

2、 sick.知識拓展：give/offer aid 援助come to sb.*s aid 幫助某人cut off aid (突然)終止援助a hearing aid 助聽器teaching aids 教具medical aid醫(yī)療救護2. temporary暫時的，臨時的temporary relief from pain 短暫的解痛temporary work/ solution臨時工作/解決方法3. fall illfall+ adj.illasleepawakesicksilent4get+過去分詞表被動或狀態(tài)The computer got damaged when we were

3、moving.My bike is getting repaired now.My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball.Peter and Mary got married last year.get doneget injured 受傷get dressed 穿衣服get damaged遭到破壞get changed 改變get married 結(jié)婚get infected 被感染get broken被弄破get lost迷失，走失5 injure v.injury to sth.(部位)的傷injuries to the le

4、gsgot injuredinjuryinjuredhurt肉體，精神上的傷害(一般用語)，疼痛injure意外或事故而受傷wound指外傷(刀、槍、劍傷)6 . bleed-blood-bloody(V.) (n.) (adj.)His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose.他在流鼻血。bleed for為而流血,悲哀bleed to death出血過多而死lose blood流血、失血flesh and blood 血肉之軀7 . choke vi. & vt.窒息；阻塞She

5、 choked with emotion.她沖動得說不出話來。The smoke almost choked me.煙嗆得我?guī)缀醮怀鰵鈦怼t the bad news, he couldn't choke back his tear聽到這那么噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼汨。The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那個男人噎了 幾下才喘過氣來。8 .essential adj.最重要的，不可缺少的，本質(zhì)的1 )Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops,陽光和水是農(nóng)作物生

6、長不可缺的。2)It is essential for us to set our study goal.我們有必要來設(shè)定我們的學(xué)習(xí)目標°3)It is essential that you (should) win the voter's hearts.贏得選民的信任是至關(guān)重要的。一-當用it充當主語而用它充當表語時，that從句的謂語動詞用should +動詞原形o9 . You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease,.act as作為.barrier屏障,障礙物，隔膜You sh

7、ould show the ticket at the barrier.The language ban ier10 poison nJvt毒藥,毒害;毒害,使中毒eg:l)Poisons must be put out of children , s reach,毒藥一定要放在孩子們夠不到的地方.2)This matter will make some poison to the crops.這種物質(zhì)會對莊稼造成毒害3)Books of this kind can make poison to children.這類書會對兒童造成毒害。4)Heroin has poisoned a lot

8、of people.海洛因毒害了 很多人。5)Thc polluted water in the river poisoned people her已污染了的河水使這兒的人中毒。poisonous adj.有毒(害)的eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.11 .protect.against/ from.保護.不受的損害prevent.from doing 阻止 protect your eyes from strong light to protect you against cold prevent the

9、m from getting married prevent sb. (from) doing stop sb. (from) doing keep sb. from doing 12. sense (n. & v.) five senses：sense of smell sense of hearing the sixth sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of tastesense of humourx duty、directionThe man has no common sense .(無常識)What he said made

10、 no sense.(沒道理) sense (v.)感覺到Although she didn't say anything, I sensed that she didn't like die idea. (我感覺到她不喜歡這個主意)13.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious,該句 是一個主從復(fù) 合句，主句為：So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious： 從句為：as you can imagine, as引導(dǎo)非限

11、制性定語從句，指代后面的內(nèi)容，有"正如"或"就象”的意思；它所引 的從句位置較靈活，可以位于句首、句中或句末，另外，該句的主句中還含有一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。清看類似的句子：As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later.正如你所看到的，這些農(nóng)田如果保護不當遲早會變成沙漠。 as we all know = as is known to allas we expect =as is expected as

12、 everybody can see as you can imagine14 .various不同的，各種各樣的There are various colors to choose from.vary vi 1.(in sth)be different in size, volume, strength, etc(體積、容積、力量等)呈現(xiàn)不同Opinions vary on this point.15 . vary (with sth);(from sth to sth)change,esp according to some factor改變，變動，變化(尤指伴隨某種因素而產(chǎn)生) Pric

13、es var)r with seasons.物價隨季日而變動Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.她的情緒由樂觀一變而為極度消沉 variety n.變化，多樣性,種類We all need variety in our diet.我們都需要飲食多樣化The shopping center sells a variety of goodsa variety of+名詞，謂語動詞的數(shù)和后面的名詞保持一致16 .depend on取決于，依賴，依靠，信賴，信任His whole family depends on him 他全家都靠

14、他養(yǎng)活.He is a man to be depended on他是個可以信賴的人dependent ( adj.)dependence( n.)independent (adj.)independence (n.)17 . inild-milder-mildest-mildlyExamples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a d在這個句子中的意思是“輕微的、不嚴重的“。如：Edward suffered from a mild heart a

15、ttack.愛德華犯了輕微的心臟病。mild還可以表示“溫和的、暖和的：味淡的”如：Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life.她是我平生見到過的最溫柔的人了 a mild climate溫暖的天氣 mild cheese淡味奶酪18 .詞語辨析：electric電的,發(fā)電的，由電產(chǎn)生的，用于導(dǎo)電的.electrical有關(guān)電的,與電有關(guān)的.electricity電,電力.電力學(xué)electric generator 發(fā)電機，electric cooker 電爐，electric iron 電熨斗，electric engineer 電機

16、工程師19.swell vt/vi. Swell swelled/ swelled swollen 使膨脹，使(力量，數(shù)目等)增長，使壯大, The wind swelled the sails.風(fēng)使船帆鼓起 。His injured wrist began to swell (up)他那受傷的手腕開始腫起。Her face swelled up with toothche.The wind swelled into a storm.風(fēng)力漸增，終于形成一場暴風(fēng)雨。a small business swelled into a big company.壯大4)Never swell with p

17、ride when you make some contributions.有 了奉獻不要沾沾自喜。swell with pride/anger得意洋洋、怒氣沖沖The doctor examined the swelling on my back.swollen adj,腫脹的His eyelid is swollen.他眼皮腫了。2O.stickstick sth. to sth. 粘住Stick the glue to my fingers.stick to doing sthstick to 堅持stick to one's view堅持自己的觀點21 . jewellery=

18、jewelry 珠寶（總稱）不可數(shù)jewel可數(shù)，珠寶，珍視的人、物jeweljewelleryjewelsShe appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels.She locked her jewels in the jewellery box.22 .Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立即用涼水給傷口沖涼，但不要用冰 水y是個形容詞后綴。如：windy有風(fēng)hilly多小山的sleepy困倦的greeny略呈綠色的spicy辛辣的woody樹木茂密的unbelieva

19、ble unfortunate unlikeuncomfortable23. unbearable不能忍受的 un一不能.，無法. unforgettableuncertainunwillingunfairunusualunfit24. squeeze 擠；壓；塞squeeze sth. into sth.把塞進squeeze sth. from/ out of sth. 擠出squeeze through 擠過squeeze sth. out of sb.敲詐遇某人說出I squeezed myself onto the crowded train.He squeezed everythin

20、g into a suitcase.She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentivelyAlthough I am busy I still can squeeze you m at 10 o'clockThose blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更 多錢。Fil never give in to you, and you can squeeze notlimg out of meThe little b

21、oy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush25. over and over againList some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and over again and againrepeatedlynow and againover and againfrom time to timeSometimesmany timesnow and thenAt times26. Hold the bandage in place with tap

22、e.用膠布把繃帶固定。in place在適當?shù)牡胤健Ｈ纾篢he librarian put the returned books in place.圖書館員把還回的圖書放到原處©You5d better put things back in place.你最好把你的東西放回原位。Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得體，不適當） in place還有“準備就緒”的意思。如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place,周六的音樂會已經(jīng)準備就緒。Wit

23、h even-thing in place, she started the slide show.27.Pour1 .倒，灌，注She poured herself another cup of tea,她為自己又倒了 一杯茶©2 .傾注;大量投入;大量生產(chǎn)They have poured money into the tourist industry.他們已經(jīng)把大筆錢投入 了旅游業(yè)。3傾吐，訴說She often pours her troubles to friends.她經(jīng)常向朋友們傾訴自己的苦惱。不及物動詞Vi.1 .傾瀉，涌流The crowd poured out of

24、 the concert hall.人群從音樂廳涌出來。Sweat poured from Martin's face.馬丁臉上汗如雨下。2 .斟茶Shall I pour?我來斟茶好嗎？3 (雨)傾盆而降(+down)The rain poured steadily down.大雨不停地傾盆而下。Pour cold water on/over 對潑冷水Pour oil on the flames 火上澆油Pour oil on troubled waters 平息風(fēng)波Reading!1 award, reward, prizeaward指正式地或官方地頒發(fā)，授予，給予：也可以指法庭裁

25、決給予。如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.學(xué)校校長將歷史獎授予最出色的學(xué)生。reward“報答，報償，獎賞"，表示由于做了某事而應(yīng)該得到的東西。如：The fireman received a reward for saving the child's life.因救了小孩的命，消防員提到一筆獎金。pnze "獎賞，獎金，獎品”，尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽。如：Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper compet

26、ition.參加我們報紙的競賽可以嬴得數(shù)以百計的獎品。2.Honorn. (U)榮譽,尊敬;名譽It's a point of honor with me to reply all my debts promptly.(C)引以為榮的人/事，只用單數(shù)。(D) The successfill launch of die “Shenzhou T is an honor to our country;do sb an honor /the honor (of doing sth)使某人有特殊的榮幸，賞光Will you do me the honor of dining with me?可否

27、賞光和我一起吃飯？ill sbs /stli s honoT 出于對.的敬意We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.我們正籌備為你舉行一次盛大的圣誕晚會。m honor of.,為紀念，為慶祝A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.為了 紀念在 戰(zhàn)爭中獻身的英雄們，建立了一座紀念碑。V.給予表揚或獎勵、頭銜、稱號)1 honor sb/sth ( with sth)The President honored

28、 us with a personal visit.2 be honored for.因而受到尊敬Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work.白求恩大夫由于他無私的工作而受到贊譽，3 be/fecl honored that很榮幸能做I am honored that you should notice me.我很榮幸您能注 意到我。4 be/feel honored to do 很榮幸能做I am honored to be here with you.能和你在這里我感到很榮幸。an honored guest 貴賓3 present v.Joa

29、n was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the life of another.1 .贈送present + sth. +to +sb.把某物送給某人present + sb. +with sth.贈送某人某物2 .introduce (sb) formally 正式介紹She presented her boyfriend to us.她把男朋友介紹給我們°3 .show顯示，呈現(xiàn)a smiling face顯出一張笑臉4 .描述The characters in th

30、e novel are vividlyed.小說中人物被描寫得很生動adj.作前置定語，“目前的，現(xiàn)在的"作后置定語，“出席的,在場的the present membersthe members presentn.gift禮物相關(guān)短語：the present day 今天(=today)the present現(xiàn)在(相當于名詞)at present / at the present time=now 現(xiàn)在 be present at 出席;到場for the present 暫時4).ceremony n.(C)典禮：儀式(U)禮節(jié)：禮儀：客套The wedding ceremony

31、was beautiful.There is no need for ceremony between us. Expressions:sid on ceremony拘泥禮i：講究客套 with ceremony 正式： 隆重without ceremony不拘禮節(jié)地；隨便地The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony,人們以最高規(guī)格的儀式歡送國家首腦。5 ）. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.此句型中when作并列連詞相當于and then意為"正當時突

32、然”，常用于以下句型：be doing . when. 正在做突然be about to do . .when. 即將做突然be on the point to do.when.正要去做 突然has/have/had done. .when.剛剛這時（突然）6 cut onefs finger 割破手指have one*s hair cut 理發(fā)cut expenses減少費用cut a class 逃學(xué)Was your salary cut?你的薪水減少了嗎?習(xí)慣用語：be cut out for有做某事的天賦；適合于；與相配合short cut捷徑，近路（一般和make, take連用；有

33、時用作定語）draw cuts 抽簽cut about舌L切，舌L砍舌L跑cut at向砍去猛打毀掉cut away切除，剪掉匆匆跑掉cut back（on）減少；剪短；倒敘;縮減；中斷;cut down削減，壓縮砍倒使喪命比強；使遜色cut in插進來說，插嘴夾進來，夾塞干預(yù)超車cut into插進來,參加（談話）,打斷（別人的話）;減少,縮減；切開；侵犯（利益）cut off切斷，停掉隔絕，擋住 死掉 使 中斷切剪下來剝奪（繼承權(quán)）cut out刪掉停止（機器）失靈7 .a number of+可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，意為“許多，大量的"，the number of +可數(shù)名 詞，

34、謂語用單數(shù)，意為“的數(shù)量”eg: 1）A number of problems have arisen.已經(jīng)出現(xiàn) 了很多問題。2）The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years.在過去的十年里,大學(xué)的數(shù)量有所 增加。-其他表示“許多，大量”的短語：a great /good manya large /great /good/small number of + 可數(shù)名詞a good few / quite a fewmany amucha great / good deal ofa great / large amount of

35、 + 不可 數(shù)名詞quite a littlea lot of /lots ofa great / large quanitity of +可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞large quanitities ofplenty of8 .put one's hands on 找到eg: Few of the students have put their hands on the materials for their compositions. 沒有幾個學(xué)生找到適合他們作文的素材。9 .treat vt.1）對待：看待，把看作：treat sb.badly 虐待某人treat sb.as distin

36、guished guest 把某人待為上賓treat sb. with consideration 對待某人很體貼Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.2）討論：探討；詳述；（文學(xué)，藝術(shù)作品中）描繪，描述：表現(xiàn)：He treats this subject thoroughly in his book,他在書中詳盡透徹地討論了這個問題.3）醫(yī)治，治療：treat sb. for influenza給某人醫(yī)治流行感冒treat sb's toothache治療某人的牙痛4）款待，請客（to）:treat sb. to an ice-crea

37、m（ a theatre）請某人吃冰激凌（看戲）I* 11 treat myself to a sunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。Let's go out for dinnermy treat this time.這次由我請客.10 .applyVt.涂，敷;應(yīng)用;適用Applicationapplicant-applicance-applicable1）涂嗷她在臉上濃妝艷抹She applied heavy makeup to her face.2）我們應(yīng)該把理論應(yīng)用于實踐。We should apply theory to practice.This rule can no

38、t be applied to every case.vi.申請 apply to sb for sthapply for a job申請就業(yè)Apply for a scholarship 申請獎學(xué)金apply to do sth申請做某事They applied to return to China.3）適用School regulations apply to every student.校規(guī)適用于每位學(xué)生.This rule can not apply to every case.這條規(guī)那么并不是在每種情況下都能適用的° apply oneself/sth to sth使致力（于），使專心從事He applied himself to learning French.他致力于學(xué)習(xí)法語。專心于，致力于：Bury oneself inAbsorb oneself inInvolve oneself inlose oneself incommit oneself to devote oneself to keep one's mmd on11 .There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms S