初三英語過去完成時講解與練習

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當之處，請指正。 過去完成時2013.7.13 育安學校新初三英語課初中英語過去完成時1、 過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點   概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（  past-in-the-past  ）”。  -|- |-|->那時以前          那時    

2、60;          現(xiàn)在 構(gòu)成：過去完成時由“助動詞  had +  過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中  had  通用于各種人稱。    They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel

3、.   She had finished writing the composition by 10  ： 00 this morning.  二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù)  1.  由時間狀語來判定   一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：   （  1  ）

4、  by +  過去的時間點。如：  I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.   （  2  ）  by the end of +  過去的時間點。如：  We 

5、;had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.   （  3  ）  before +  過去的時間點。如：  They had planted six hundred trees bef

6、ore last Wednesday. 2.  由“過去的過去”來判定。   過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：   （  1  ）賓語從句中   當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在 told, said, knew,

7、60;heard, thought 等動詞后的賓語從句。如：    She said that she had seen the film before.   （  2  ）狀語從句中    在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：  

8、0; When I got to the station, the train had already left.   After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.  注意：  before, after  引導的時間狀語從句中，由于

9、0; before  和  after  本身已表達了動作的先后關系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：    Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 

10、 （ 3 ）表示意向的動詞，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用過去完成時表示 " 原本  ，未能 " We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3.  根據(jù)上、

11、下文來判定。    I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.練習一.用動詞的適當形式填空（注意思考你的判定依據(jù)）1 When I returned home， he _ （leave）。 2 By ten yesterday ev

12、ening， she _（finish）writing. 3 He _ （study） English for five years before he came here. 4 It _  _ （stop） raining when I wake up this morning. 5 I _ （not read） the book because I had read it before. 6 She said she_ （be）to New Zealand twice. 7 When he _（come） to China two

13、 years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he _（learn） some Chinese in his own country.  8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _（not see） each other since I left Beijing.  9 When I got to his home， he_（go） to bed.  10 She asked if Mr. Liu _ already _（com

14、e） back 三、過去完成時的主要用法    1.  過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如：  When I woke up, it had stopped raining.  我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”）    2.  過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”

15、，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如：    He told me that he had written a new book. (had written  發(fā)生在  told  之前  )   3.  過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與 

16、60;already  ，  yet  ，  still  ，  just  ，  before  ，  never  等時間副詞及  by  ，  before  ，  until  等引導的短語或從句連用。如：    

17、;Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.     Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by t

18、he time he was ten.   4.  過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如：    By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.

19、0; （  had worked  已有了  20  年，還有繼續(xù)進行下去的可能）  四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別   現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞  have (has) +  過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。試

20、比較：  I have learned 1000 English words so far.  到目前為止我已經(jīng)學會了  1000  個英語單詞。  I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那時為止我已經(jīng)學會了  1000  個英語單詞。  

21、;   I'm sorry to keep you waiting.  對不起，讓你久等了。   Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） 五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應注意以下幾點： 1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間

22、。 比較：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 當兩個或兩

23、個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.練習二 （注意有的不是過去完成時）1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will befo

24、re he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen_  (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make)  a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book

25、 twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _    _  (finish) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words b

26、y the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before.

27、19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).單項選擇1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time she got home?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did.

28、 D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B.

29、 cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.

30、A. has completed university B. has completed the universityC. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. ha

31、s learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin