2017年考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案解析

1、2017年考研英語(yǔ)一真題原文及答案解析完整版2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the followingtext. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding " yes! ” 1helping y

2、ou feel close and2to peopleyou care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a3of healthbenefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you4 getting sick this winter.Ina recent study 5over 400 healthadults,researchersfrom Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania ex

3、amined the effects of perceivedsocialsupport and thereceiptof hugs _6the participants ' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effe

4、cts of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11 amongthose who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12.“ Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that ' susually 14 with stress, " not

5、es Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty. ”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called" thebonding hormone

6、"18 it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it20 mood, behavior and physiology.1 . A

7、 Unlike B Besides C Despite D Throughout2 . A connected B restricted C equal D inferior3 . A choice B view C lesson D host4 . A recall B forget C avoid D keep5 . A collecting B involving C guiding D affecting6 . A of B in C at D on7 . A devoted B exposed C lost D attracted8 . A across B along C down

8、 D out9 . A calculated B denied C doubted D imagined10 . A served B required C restored D explained11 . A Even B Still C Rather D Thus12 . A defeats B symptoms C tests D errors13 . A minimized B highlighted C controlled D increased14 . A equipped B associated C presented D compared15 . A assess B mo

9、derate C generate D record16 A in the face of B in the form of C in the way of D in the name of17 A transfer B commit C attribute D return18 A because B unless C though D until19 A emerges B vanishes C remains D decreases20 A experiences B combines C justifies Dinfluences Section II Reading Comprehe

10、nsionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours this is how far in advanceauthorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flig

11、ht , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming securityprocedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt AirFlight 804,which terrorists may have downed over theMediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic

12、reminder of why. Butdemanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. Andit should: Wasted time is a drag on American s economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the TransportationSecurity Administration(

13、TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons-both fake and real past airport security nearlyevery time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago s O Hare International .It is not yet

14、clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room

15、 for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in t

16、he PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is

17、sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this pricetag has been PreCheck s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bringthe price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreC

18、heck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has.A gained great popularityB

19、created many jobsCstrengthened community tiesD become an official festival22. The author beli eves that London s Olympic “ legacy ” has failed to .A boost population growthB promote sport participationCimprove the city s imageD increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic gam

20、es in that it .A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should.A organize “ grassroots ” sports eventsB supervise local sports associationsC increase funds fo

21、r sports clubsD invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is .Atolerant8 criticalCuncertainDsympatheticText 2“ The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers, ” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers we

22、re among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity s view of the cosmos.At issue is theTMT s planned loc

23、ation on Mauna Kea, adormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea s peak rises above the bulk of our planet sdense atmosp

24、here, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what w

25、as once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.精選They did not always prioritize the pro tection of Mauna Kea s fragile ecosystems or its holin

26、ess to the island sinhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought ea

27、rly Polynesians to Hawaii s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomyandHawaiianculture both seek to answer bigquestionsaboutwhowe are,wherewe come from and where we

28、aregoing.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to changeits use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize thetelescope s visibility around the island and t

29、o avoid archaeologicaland environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes onMauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimesand their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason whyeveryone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to s

30、tudy the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani s remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.feats in her time.D her appreciation of star watchers27

31、. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to 精選A its geographical featuresB its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it

32、reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today s astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may

33、 uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30. The author s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country s GDP measures

34、“ everything except that which makes life worthwhile. ” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century

35、. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK s GDP has been the envyof the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million

36、people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convertgrowth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Acrossthe 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers

37、 in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

38、While all of these countries face their own challenges , thereare a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn t th

39、e case withall countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seenhuge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.精選This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is nolonger regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, thew

40、orld looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all thing

41、s that contribute to a person s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in theUK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worryi

42、ng about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31 .Robert F. Kennedy is cited because heApraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness .Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP .Dhad a low opinion of GDP .32 .It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 thatAthe UK is relu

43、ctant to remold its economic pattern .BGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .Cthe UK will contribute less to the world economy .Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33 .Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?AIt is sponsored by 163 coun

44、tries .BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CIts criteria are questionable .DIts results are enlightening .34 .In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests thatAthe UK is preparing for an economic boom .Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline .Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .Dit r

45、equires caution to handle economic issues .35. Which of the following is the best title for the text ?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK LessonBGDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic HealthCRebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDPDBrexit, the UK s Gateway to Well -beingText 4In a rare unan

46、imous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as aRolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access t

47、o government.The high court sdecision said the judge in Mr. McDonnelltrial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“ official acts,or the former governor s decisions on “ specific ” and “ unsettled ” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,

48、unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “ distasteful ” and“ nasty. ” But under a-nbtiriberylaws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contrac

49、t or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an“ official act ” .The court s rulingis legally sound in defining a kind offavoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of

50、 prosecution for bribery. ” The basic compact underlying representative government, ” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, ” assumes that public officials will hear from their consti tuents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected repres

51、entatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforce

52、d laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informat ion about each elected leader s source of wealth.Favoritismin officialaccesscan fan public perceptionsofcorruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards,

53、or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society that all are equal in treatment bygovernment is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court s ruling is a

54、step fo rward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the courtA avoided defining the extent of McDonnell s duties.B made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.C wa s contemptuous of McDonnell s conduct.D refused t

55、o comment on McDonnell s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involvesA leaking secrets intentionally.B sizable gains in the form of gifts.C concrete returns for gift-givers.D breaking contracts officially.38. The court s ruling is based on the assumpt

56、ion that public officials areA justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.B qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.C allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.D exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transpare

57、ncy are needed toA awaken the conscience of officials.B guarantee fair play in official access.C allow for certain kinds of lobbying.D inspire hopes in average people.40. The author s attitude toward the court s ruling isA sarcastic.B tolerant.C skeptical.D supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions