中考英語十六種時態(tài)

1、初中英語十六種時態(tài)此文檔部分內(nèi)容來源于網(wǎng)絡，如有侵權請告知刪除7本文檔可自行編輯和修改內(nèi)容，感謝您的支持英語共有十六種時態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下（ 以 study 為例 ）一般時進行時完成時完成進行時現(xiàn)在studybe studyinghavestudiedhavebeen studying過去studiedbe studyinghadstudiedhadbeen studying將來 will studywill be studyingwill have studiedwill havebeen studying been studying過去將來 would study would be stu

2、dyingwould have studiedwould have時態(tài)( Tense )是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當我們說時態(tài)結構的時候，指的是相應時態(tài)下的動詞形式。1. 一般現(xiàn)在時英語時態(tài)分為 16 種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時，以及這四者的進行時、完成時和完成進行時。用法： A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B) 習慣用語。C) 經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作。例： He always helps others.D) 客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時，則無法保持主句、從句時態(tài)一致。E) 表示一個按規(guī)定、 計劃或安排要發(fā)生的

3、動作， (僅限于某些表示 “來、 去、 動 、 停、 開始、結束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞)可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用 。常見的用法是： 飛機、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。例： The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火車今天下午3 點開車。 )How often does this shuttle bus run? (這班車多久一趟？)F) 在時間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在 (有時也用現(xiàn)在完成時) 表示將來事情。例： When you have finished the report, I will h

4、ave waited for about 3hours.(等你完成這份報告的時候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3 個小時了。 )2. 現(xiàn)在進行時(be doing)用法：現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(have done)用法： A) 表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。例： I bought a new house, but I my old one yet, so at the moment Ihave two houses.A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell答案是 C) haven't sold 。

5、B) 表示從過去某時刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用 since 加一個過去的時間點，或for 加一段時間，或by 加一個現(xiàn)在時間。例： Great as Newton was, many of his ideas today and arebeing modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challengeC) have been challengedB) may be challengedD) are challenging全句的意思是： “雖然牛頓是個偉

6、大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)， 并且被現(xiàn)代科學家的工作所修正。 ” challenge 是及物動詞，在本句中應當是被動語態(tài)；其動作延續(xù)到今天，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。可見答案是C) have been challenged 。 A) areto challenge 和 D) are challenging 都是主動語態(tài)， 不可能是答案。 B) may be challenged雖然是被動語態(tài)，但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合，所以不對。C) 表示發(fā)生在過去， 但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或情況。 通常用點動詞， 如： arrive, begin, find, give, lose 等。例： Joh

7、n has broken his left leg. (約翰摔斷了左腿。 )注意事項： A) 現(xiàn)在完成時是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶。 現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時強調動作的動態(tài)，或受動態(tài)的影響，是動態(tài)的結果，對現(xiàn)在有影響；過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。例： He worked in that hospital for 8 years. (他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了 8 年。這只是講述一個過去的事實，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。 )He has worked in that hospital for 8 years. (他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了 8 年。表示他從過

8、去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。 )B） 因為含有 for 加一段時間或since 加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時，有動態(tài) 和延續(xù)性的特點，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。例： My sister has been married for 5 years. （過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）My sister has married. Don't disturb her. （終端動詞）C）在"this is the first/ second/ third time that "句型里要求用完成時。例： This is the second

9、time that the products of our company have been shownin the International Exhibition. （這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。 ）D）句型"It is/ has been since"所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。例： It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him. （從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng) 10 年 了。 ）E）在"no sooner than" 、"hardly/ scarcely when"、"b

10、efore"、"prior to" 等句型中，主句要求完成時。例： I haven't met that professor prior to today. （以前我從未見過那位教授。 ） 4. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時（have been doing）用法： 表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間， 延續(xù)或重復地出現(xiàn)至今， 或將繼續(xù)延續(xù)至將 來。例： We have been working on this project for over a month now. （到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個項目，已經(jīng)花了一個多月時間了。 ）注意事項： 與現(xiàn)在完成時相比， 現(xiàn)在完成

11、進行時更強調： 在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時間里，動 作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復出現(xiàn)。例： It seems oil from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take themachine apart to put it right.A) had leakedB) is leakingC) leakedD) has been leaking從本題上下文看，這兩個句子的意思是： “看來，這個管道漏油已有一段時間了，我們將不得不拆卸機器排除故障。 ” 第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動作發(fā)生在第二句之前，并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現(xiàn)在

12、完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 D) hasbeen leaking 是現(xiàn)在完成進行時， 因此是本題的答案。 有 11% 的考生誤選了 B) is leaking 。由于本句有時間狀語for some time ，表示謂語動作延續(xù)，謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進行時，必須用和完成時有關的時態(tài)。有些考生誤選了 C) leaked 或 A) had leaked 。是因為他們沒有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。5. 一般過去時用法： A) 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。B) 表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由 would/ used to do 表達的句型，本身表示的 就 是過去

13、時。例： The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others forhours without doing anything or talking to anybody. (老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。 )He used to visit his mother once a week. (他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。 )C) 有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表達一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。例： I wanted to ask you

14、 if I could borrow your car? (我想向您借車用一用，可以 嗎？)Would you mind my sitting here? ( 您介意我坐在這里嗎?)注意事項： A) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組， 如： yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago 等， 絕對不可與recently,in the past 10 years, this month 等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關系，應該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。8) used to do 的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：

15、 你怎么寫都正確。 以否定形式為例： used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。Used to do 經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth 結構進行對比。前者表示"過去常?；蜻^去曾經(jīng) " ，要求加動詞原形；后者表示" 習慣于 " ，要求加名詞或動名詞。6. 過去完成時(had done)用法： 表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。 就是我們常說的：表示" 過去的過去的動作或狀態(tài)" 。Until then,

16、his family from him for six months.A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard全句的意思是： “到那時為止， 他家里已經(jīng)有六個月沒得到他的消息了。 ” 由此可以看出，謂語動詞的動作延續(xù)到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D) 。其它選項中： A) didn't hear ，因為一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，所以不能與時間狀語for six months 連用。 B) hasn't bee

17、n hearing ， 現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示過去某時刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進行的動作，與題意不符。 C) hasn't heard ，現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動作。而題中的 then 只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現(xiàn)在時間。注意事項： “過去的過去”這種邏輯關系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來，而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。例： There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burningcigarette end on the floor when we opened the front do

18、or. (剛才有人在我們的房間里，因為我們打開前門進來時，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。 )分析：雖然時間狀語是just now ，似乎應該使用一般過去時，但是“在房間里”這個狀態(tài)是在 "開門 "和"注意 "這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的，所以應該用過去完成時。7. 過去將來時(would/ should do)用法：表示從過去的某個時間看將要發(fā)生的事。例： I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。 )注意事項： 由于過去將來時是由過去時和將來

19、時組合而成的，所以其注意事項可以參考過去時和將來時的相關注意事項。8. 過去進行時(was/ were doing)用法： A) 表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發(fā)生的動作。例： Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.10 分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。 )B) 如果 when, while 這樣的時間狀語引導詞所引導的主從句之一是一般過去時，則另一個句子常用過去進行時。例： I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時我此文檔部分內(nèi)容來源于網(wǎng)絡，如有侵權請

20、告知刪除本文檔可自行編輯和修改內(nèi)容，感謝您的支持25正在洗頭發(fā)。 ） 。注意事項：其它與將來時有關的事項請參見下面所講的一般將來時9. 一般將來時用法： A） 基本結構是will / shall do 。例： We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift. （我們將送給她一個玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。 ）B） 有些動詞，如： arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay 等

21、，用于一般進行時，并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用， 可以表示將來時。 例： My mother is coming to visit me next week and is stayinghere until May. （我媽媽下周將來看我，并會呆到 5 月。 ）C）表示“打算去，要”時，可用 be going to do 。例： This is just what I am going to say. （這正是我想說的。 ）D） 表示“即將、正要”時，可用 be about to do 。強調近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。例： Don't worry, I am about to

22、make a close examination on you. （別擔心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細的檢查。 ）E） "be to do" 的 5 種用法：a） 表示“按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事” 。例： She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. （星期一你準會在實驗室見到她。 ）b） 該做或不該做的事情（語氣上接近于 should, must, ought to, have to ），表示一 種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。例： You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests a

23、re arriving in lessthan 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須上床睡覺，不準吵鬧。我們的客人5 分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。 ）c） 能或不能發(fā)生的事情（接近can, may ）例： How am I to pay such a debt? （我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢？）d） 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來將要發(fā)生的事情。例： I assure you that the matter as quickly as possible. Have a littlepatience.A. will be attended B. will be attended toC. is at

24、tended D. is attended towill be attended to 關鍵的一點是： attend 表示“處理，解決”時是不及物動詞，必須與 to 連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應該用將來時的被動語態(tài)。答案是 B 。e）用于條件從句”如果想，設想” （接近if want to,或if should ）例： Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.A） is to be B） can be C） will be D） has

25、 been答案是 A） is to be 。全句的意思是： “如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。 ”F） 同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing 。例： The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has beenscored 7 points. （教練想要放棄這場比賽了，因為對方已經(jīng)射進了 7 個球。 ）例： I was the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A) inB

26、) toC) atD) on答案是 D) 。 on the point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算” 。全句的意思是： “當他的信到的時候我正要打電話給他。 ”注意事項：在以 if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞( immediately, the moment, directly )等引導的狀語從句，一般用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。強調延續(xù)性或動態(tài)時，可用完成時。例： I hope his health will have improved by

27、 the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。 )10. 將來進行時(will be doing)用法：強調在將來的某個具體時間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。例： Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and awhite skirt at that time. (別擔心，你不會認不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的 T 恤衫和一條白色的短裙。 )注意事項： 由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和進行時融合在一起的， 所以關于本時態(tài)的注意事項，

28、可參考 "一般將來時"和 "現(xiàn)在進行時"的有關注意事項。11. 將來完成時(will have done)用法： 表示從將來的某一時間開始、 延續(xù)到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態(tài)， 或是發(fā)生在某個將來時間， 但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。 就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關。D) has lasted本題考核謂語動詞的時態(tài)。全句的意思是： “會議從開始到結束將持續(xù)整整一個星期。 ” 句中 by the time it ends 表示動作要延續(xù)到將來某一時刻，因此要用將來完成時。

29、答案是B） will have lasted 。如果選 A） ，因為情態(tài)動詞must 后面接動詞不定式的完成時形式表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測，而本句的時間狀語是by the time it ends 而非 by thetime it ended ， 所以犯了時態(tài)不呼應的錯誤。 Would 雖可以表示推測或可能性， 但 would last 不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作，所以 C） would last 錯誤。因為 D） has lasted 是現(xiàn)在完成時， 表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作， 不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作， 所 以也不正確。 注意事項： 由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和完成時

30、融合在一起的， 所以關于本時態(tài)的注意事項，可以參考“一般將來時”和“現(xiàn)在完成時”的有關注意事項。12） 將來完成進行時： shall have been doing ， will have been doing例： By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3years. （到下個月底為止，這項工程就已經(jīng)不停地進行了 3 年了。 ） （被動語態(tài)）13） 過去完成進行時： had been doing例： The old clock had been being taken apart of and

31、 fixed up again for severaltimes by my 10-year old son before I came back home. （我回到家之前，我10 歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。） （此處強調“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復進行。 ） （被動語態(tài)）14） 過去將來進行時： should be doing , would be doing 例： The governmentpromised that a new highway would be being built next July. （政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條

32、新的高速公路正在修建。 ）（此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間， 所以最好用將來進行時。 ） （此句為被動語態(tài)）15） 過去將來完成時： should have done , would have done例： I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that softwarewould have been developed, but I was wrong. （我堅信到那年年底為止，那個軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯了。 ） （此句為被動語態(tài)）16） 過去將來完成進行時： should have been doin

33、g , would have been doing例： They said that by the end of the following month, the project would havebeen being worked for 3 years. （他們說到第二個月底為止，這項工程就已經(jīng)不停地進行了 3 年了。初中英語時態(tài)專項練習 100 題和答案16.1 will tell him as soon as he backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came2. Mary on shoes when she them.A. tries buys

34、 B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies3. The girl often cold when she .A. cathcs dances B. catches dancesC. catchs dancees D. catches dancee,4. he himself there? No, I don't think so.A. Do enjoy B. Does enjoiesC. Does enjoys D. Does enjoy5. your teacher from them very often? Certainly.A. Do

35、hear B. Does hear C. Do receive D. receive6. your mother some cleaning on Sundays?A. Does does B. Do does C. Does do D. Do do7. Tom to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he A. Has x does B. Has x doesC. Does has has D. Does have - does8. Which teacher lessons to you every day ?A. does - gives B. do

36、es give C. do give D. gives9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ? , he does.A. does heNoB. does he YesC. doesn 't he-No D. doesn ' the- Yes10. Mr Black often fishing on Sundays, he ?A. goes doesn't B. goes isn 'tC. doesn 't go-does D. doesn 't go-is11. He usually TV on S

37、unday evening.A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching12. We ll go to play with snow if it tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed13. Neither I nor he French.A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak14. Nobody how to run this machines.A . know B. have known C. knows

38、 D. is knowing15. The Young Pioneer water for the old man every day.A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries16. Some are in the river and some are games.A. swimming playing B. swimming plaiingC. swimming I playing D. swimming plaing17. Look ! The boy students are football while the girls are .A. playin

39、g dance B. playingdancingC. play dancing D. play dance18. He to do his lessons at eight every evening.A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins19. he on well with his friends this term ?A. Does gets B. Does get C. Is getting D. Is geting20. Mr Smith short stories, but he a TV play these day

40、s.A. is writingis writing B. is writing writesC. writes is writing D. writes writes21. I to the cinema. I there every Sunday.A. go go B. am going go C. go am going D. am goingam going22. Look, theya good time, they ?A. have do B. have don'tC. are having are D. are having aren ' t23. You abou

41、t the future now, you ?A. don't thinkdon't B. aren't thinkingaren' tC. don't think do D. aren ' t thinking are24. She always? something whenever she A .studied played B. studied -plaiedC. studied plaied D. studied played25. He often late in the forest. It me very much.,A. sta

42、yed worried B. staied worriedC. stayed worryed D. staied worried26. I that the boy with no tears in his eyes.A. noticed cryed B. noticed criedC. noticed cried D. noticed cryed27. We the floor and all the windows.A. moppedcleanned B. moped cleanedC. mopped - cleaned D. moped cleaned28. When I the Chi

43、ldren's Palace, the children with joy.A. visited jumpped B. visited jumpedC. visited jumped D. visited jumpped29. a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they .A. Did they have did B. Did they have hadC. Had they had D. Had they did30. you out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I .A. Did - went - went B.

44、Did go wentC. Did went did D. Did go did31. Jack on with his work or to have a rest?A. Did went stopped B. Did go stopC. Did went stop D. Did go stopped32. You gave them a talk two days ago, you ? Yes, I .A. did did B. did gave C. didn't did D. didn't gave33. your brother a letter to ? My fa

45、ther.A. Who wrote B. What wroteC. Who did write D. What did write34. They about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often suchtalksA. talked - had B. talk haveC. were talking -had D. are talking -have35. He some cooking at that time, so me.A. did heard B. did didn't hearC. was doing heard

46、 D. was doing didn't hear36. “ you angry then?" "They_ too much noise.”A. Are were making B. Were were makingC. Are made D. Were made37. This time yesterday Jack his, bike. He TV.A. repaired didn't watch B. was repairing watchedC. repaired watched D. was repairing wasn't watchi

47、ng38. We for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us A. were waiting waiting B. were waiting waitC. waited waiting D. waited wait39. When you at the door, I some washing.A. knocked did B. was knocking didC. knocked was doing D. knock am doing40. The boyEnglish on the radio when I his door.A. learne

48、d was opening B. was learning openedC. learned opened D. is learning open41. When theythrough the forest, a bear at them.A. walked was coming B. were walking cameC. were talking comes D. walk - is coming42. A young man her while she her work .A. watched was finishing B. was watching finishedC. watch

49、ed finished D. was watching was finishing43. While mother some washing, I a kite for Kack.A. did made B. was doing madeC. was doing was making D. did was making44. I myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I to work.A. was teaching didn't go B. taught didn't goC. was teaching went D. ta

50、ught went45. He a model plane when I came to see him.A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made46. I a letter at nine last night.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writingthe47. The teacher (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked intoclassroom.A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was gi

51、ving48. There will be a football match in two days, that is .A. last Sunday B. next SundayC. every Sunday D. this Sunday49. We class meeting this November.A. had B. have C. will have D. are having50. He in his garden every morning next year.A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working51. Be careful

52、. The train .A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming52. Look at those clouds. It soon, I m afraid.A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. won t rain53. The radio says it the day after tomorrow.A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows54. he some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?A.

53、Will does B. is going to do C. isdoing D. Shall do55. What day it tomorrow ? Wednesday.A. is going to be B. willbe C. shall be D. does be56. The boy sixteen years old next year.A. is going to be B. is growing to be C. will be D. is57. you me up at six, please ?A. Are going to wake B. Arewaking C. Wi

54、llwake D. Do wake58. If he to college, he a lot more.A. will go-will learn B. will go-is going to learnC. is going is going to learn D. goes will learn59. When she next time ,l her everything.A. is going to come -shall tell B. will comeshall tellC. comes - will tell D. come - will tell60. What day i

55、t tomorrow ? It Tuesday.A. is - going to be is B. will be willC. is - going to be- is going D. will be- will be61. She that she her best to help them the next term.A. says - will do B. said - will doC. said would do D. says - would do62. People that the Smiths for a holiday next week.A. say will go B. said will goC. said would go D. saywould go63. Nobody us that he even stricter with usA. tell will be B. tells would beC. told will be D. toldwould be64. Please him that we able to help him.A. t