初中英語(yǔ)詞匯辨析

1、精品文檔初中英語(yǔ)詞匯辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 統(tǒng)指各種衣服， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)，cloth 指布， 為不可數(shù)名詞clothing服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件 , accident指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount 后接不可數(shù)名詞， number 后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of students4. family, house, homehom

2、e 家，包括住處和家人， house 房子，住宅， family 家庭成員 . Myfamilyis a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice 人的嗓音， noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片，picture 可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing畫的畫Let's go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 詞匯，一個(gè)人擁有的

3、單詞量，word 具體的單詞 He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人數(shù)， people 具體的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather 一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況，climate長(zhǎng)期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not goodfor you.10. road, street, path, wayroad 具體的公路，馬路，street街道， path小路，小徑， way 道路，途徑take this road; in

4、the street, show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 課程（可包括多門科目） ， subject科目（具體的學(xué)科）a summer course12. custom, habitcustom 傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接to do ， habit生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接 of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接of sth./doingsth ， reason

5、用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉（不可數(shù)） ， exercises 練習(xí)（可數(shù)）， practice （反復(fù)做的）練習(xí) Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作" 課 " 解時(shí) , 兩者可以替換 . 指課文用 lesson. 指班級(jí)或全體學(xué)生用 class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturesp

6、eech 指在公共場(chǎng)所所做的經(jīng)過(guò)準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說(shuō)，talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話， lecture學(xué)術(shù)性的演講，講課a series of lecture on17. officer, officialofficer部隊(duì)的軍官， official政府官員an army officer。1歡迎下載精品文檔18. work, job二者均指工作。work 不可數(shù)， job 可數(shù) a good job19. couple, paircouple 主要指人或動(dòng)物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landc

7、ountry側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，nation指人民，國(guó)民，民族，state側(cè)重指政府，政體，land國(guó)土，國(guó)家The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook 廚師， cooker 廚具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可數(shù)名詞 ,損害，損失 ; damages 復(fù)數(shù)形式 ,賠償金 $900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，policeman指某個(gè)具體的警察The police arequestioning e

8、veryone in the house.24. problem, questionproblem 常和困難連系，前面的動(dòng)詞常為think about, solve, raise， question常和疑問(wèn)連系，多和ask, answer連用25. man, a manman人類， a man 一個(gè)男人Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí)， telegram指具體的， telegraph指抽象的a t

9、elegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel 是最常用的， trip 指短期的旅途， journey 指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途， voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip29. sport, gamesport 多指戶外的游戲或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，如打球， 游泳，打獵，賽馬等； game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice 價(jià)格， prize 獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金win the first prize The price is

10、high/low.31. a number of, the number ofa number of 許多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。thenumber of 的數(shù)目， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The numberof students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of 范圍外的前面， in thefrontof范圍內(nèi)的前面 In the front of the room sitsa boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day 每一天的，當(dāng)時(shí)的，當(dāng)代的，ofa day 暫時(shí)的，不長(zhǎng)久的 a f

11、amous scientistof the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我們（不止三個(gè)）中的三個(gè)，the three of us 我們?nèi)齻€(gè)（就三個(gè)人） The threeof us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the bus。2歡迎下載精品文檔by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠詞，on the bus表范圍 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一會(huì)兒，

12、forthemoment暫時(shí)，一時(shí) Thinkingfor a moment, he agreed.37. next year, the next yearnext year將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， the next year過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多， more than one year超過(guò)一年（兩年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(one's) advicetake advi

13、ce征求意見(jiàn)， take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice andfailed again.40. take air, take the airtake air傳播，走漏， take the air到戶外去，散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word總之，一句話，in words口頭上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替， in the place of在

14、地方 A new building is built in the place ofthe old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語(yǔ)；inthe secret 知道內(nèi)情，知道秘密，一般用作表語(yǔ) My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩 , one girl一個(gè)女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the ch

15、airtake a chair相當(dāng)于 sit down 坐下， take the chair開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea當(dāng)海員，出航， by sea 乘船，由海路，by the sea在海邊 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一個(gè)人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師，the doctor and the teacher兩個(gè)人，一個(gè)醫(yī)生和一個(gè)老師the doctor and teacher is48. in of

16、fice, in the officein office在職的， in the office在辦公室里 He is in office, not out of office.49. in bed, on the bedin bed 臥在床上， on the bed 在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin chargeof 管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料， inthe charge of 由照料 He is in charge of thematter.The matter is in t

17、he charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class在課上， in the class在班級(jí)里 He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire 著火 ,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的， out of the question不可能的54. a se

18、cond, the second。3歡迎下載精品文檔a second 又一，再一，the second第 He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day 白天， by the day按天計(jì)算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人， a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物體， one 同類不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy

19、 a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this導(dǎo)出下文所要說(shuō)的I was ill. That's why59. none, nothing, no onenone 強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少，nothing, no one強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒(méi)有， nothing指物， no one 指人- How many /How much ? - None. 60. anyone, any oneanyone 指人，不能接 of ， any one 指人物均可，可接 of any one of you 61. who, whatwho指姓名或關(guān)系，what 指職業(yè)或地位What is y

20、our dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat 的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無(wú)限制的， which 在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother 后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)， another后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常， not a bit一點(diǎn)也不 I'm not a bit tired.我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。65. many, much, a lot

21、 ofmany和可數(shù)名詞連用， much和不可數(shù)名詞連用， a lot of可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.66. much more than, many more thanmuch more than 后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，many more than 后接可數(shù)名詞 many morepeople, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more

22、 than, not more thanno more than 相當(dāng)于 only ，僅僅，只有， not more than至多，不超過(guò)69. majority, mostmajority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，most 可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可 the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的， for oneself 為自己， to oneself 供自己用的， of oneself自行的，自動(dòng)的 The door opened of itself.71. at all,

23、after allat all根本，全然 , after all到底，畢竟After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或動(dòng)物，high 常指物體 He is tall.73. fast, quickly。4歡迎下載精品文檔fast 側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn)，quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快runfast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh 具體的高， highly 抽象的高，高度的think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy

24、健康的，健壯的， healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡覺(jué)， asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語(yǔ)，sleepy 困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.77. gold, goldengold 指真金制品， golden 指金色的，但金魚(yú)用gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost 用于表感受的肯定句中，相當(dāng)于very ，當(dāng)大部分，大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞，mostly 大

25、部分 , 是副詞 most people, the people are mostly79. just, veryjust 表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞， 作狀語(yǔ)， very 表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞， 用作定語(yǔ) thevery man, justtheman80. wide, broadwide 側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離，broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broad shoulders81. real, truereal 真的，真實(shí)的，指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合 real gold, a true story82. respectful, respectableresp

26、ectful尊敬，有禮貌， respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward 還可用作形容詞 an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定語(yǔ)， pleased, pleasing常用作表語(yǔ)， pleased 主語(yǔ)常為人，pleasing主語(yǔ)常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandableu

27、nderstanding 明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable可理解的，能夠懂的an understanding girl, an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose 接近，靠近， closely緊緊地，緊密地 closely connected, stand close87. ill, sickill 做表語(yǔ)， sick定，表均可 a sick boy88. good, wellgood 形容詞， well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet

28、 安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動(dòng)， still完全不動(dòng)，完全無(wú)聲響 He stand there still.他站在那兒，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，也不說(shuō)話。90. hard, hardlyhard 努力， hardly幾乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.91. able, capable。5歡迎下載精品文檔able 與不定式 to do連用， capable與 of連用 He is capable of doing92. almost, nearly二者均為 " 幾乎 , 差不多 " 和否定詞連用用almost almo

29、st nobody93. late, latelylate 遲，晚， lately最近，近來(lái) I haven't seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均為活著的， living定表均可， alive定表均可，定語(yǔ)后置，live只能做定語(yǔ)， lively意為活波的 all the living people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited 使人興奮的， exciting令人興奮的 I'm excited. The new

30、s is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep 具體的深， deeply 抽象的深，深深地deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud, loudaloud 出聲地， loud 大聲地 read aloud( 出聲地讀 )98. worth, worthy二者均為值得， worth后接 doing ， worthy 后接 to be done, of being doneIt is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.99.

31、 bad, badlybad 形容詞， badly 副詞，不好，但與need, want, require連用為 " 很，非常 " go badI need the book badly.100. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后， long before很久以前 not long before = before long101. quite, ratherquite 完全地，相當(dāng)于completely, rather修飾比較級(jí) quite impossible102. happy, gladhappy 高興，幸福，定表均可，g

32、lad高興，只能做表語(yǔ) a happy girl103. instead, instead ofinstead 是副詞，放在句首或句末，instead of是介詞短語(yǔ)，放在句中He didn'tsee a film.Insteadhe watched TV. He watchedTV insteadofseeing a film.104. too much, much tootoo much后接不可數(shù)名詞， much too 后接形容詞 much too heavy105. be about to, be going to, be to dobe about to表最近的將來(lái)，后面不接

33、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，be going to側(cè)重打算，想法，be to do 側(cè)重意志，計(jì)劃，安排I'm to meet him.(含雙方事先約好的意思)106. raise, riseraise 及物動(dòng)詞， rise不及物動(dòng)詞 The sun rises in the east.107. bring, take, carry, fetchbring 拿來(lái)， take 帶走， carry隨身攜帶， fetch去回這一往返動(dòng)作 fetch abox ofchalk108. spend, take, pay, costspend 人做主語(yǔ)，花錢，花時(shí)間; spend on sth./in doing

34、sth; take物做主語(yǔ)，花時(shí)間 ;pay 人做主語(yǔ)，花錢，pay for; cost物做主語(yǔ)，花錢109. join, join in, take part injoin 加入某個(gè)組織，并成為其中的一員；join in參加小型的活動(dòng) , join sb. in；take part in參加大型的活動(dòng)He joined the army five years ago.。6歡迎下載精品文檔110. learn, studylearn 學(xué)習(xí)，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，study學(xué)習(xí)，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程，研究study the problem111. want, hope, wishwant 打算，想要， wa

35、nt to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通?？梢詫?shí)現(xiàn)） ， hope to do/hope that wish 希望（通常不能實(shí)現(xiàn)） wish(sb.)todo, wish sb/sth. + n. I wishyousuccess.112. discover, invent, find outdiscover發(fā)現(xiàn)本來(lái)存在但不為人所知的東西，invent發(fā)明本來(lái)不存在的物體，find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明 At last he found out the truth.113. answer, replyanswer 及物動(dòng)詞， reply 不及物動(dòng)詞，后接 to repl

36、y to the letter114. leave, leave forleave 離開(kāi)， leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.115. rob, stealrob 搶劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal 偷 steal sth. from sb.116. shoot, shoot atshoot 射死， shoot at瞄準(zhǔn)，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.117. drop, falldrop 及物不及物均可，fall 不及物動(dòng)詞 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped

37、his voice.118. search, search forsearch 后接地點(diǎn)， search for后接?xùn)|西 He searched his pocket for money.119. used to, be used toused to 過(guò)去常常， be used to習(xí)慣于，后接 sth./doingsth. ；被用來(lái)，后接do sth. Heis used to getting up early.120. win, lose, beatwin 后接 sth. ，反義詞為 lose, beat后接 sb. win the game, beat them121. live on,

38、 live bylive on 以為主食， live by靠謀生 live on fish/ live by fishing122. beat, hit, strikebeat 連續(xù)性地?fù)舸颍?hit 打中，對(duì)準(zhǔn)打； strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings123. meet, meet withmeet 遇到， meet with體驗(yàn)到，遭遇到meet with an accident124. lose, misslose 失去（具體的物體） ，錯(cuò)過(guò) sth.is lost,losethe chance ；miss 想念，錯(cuò)過(guò) sth.ismissing,miss the c

39、hance125. be tired of, be tired with/frombe tired of厭煩， be tired with/from因?yàn)槎哿?be tired with/fromrunning800meters126. care about, care forcare about關(guān)心，計(jì)較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for 關(guān)心，照料，喜歡，愿意He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.127. catch a cold, have a cold。7歡迎下載精品文檔catch

40、 a cold不能和表示 " 一段時(shí)間 " 的狀語(yǔ)連用，而 have a cold 可以She has had a cold for a week.128. change for, change intochange for調(diào)換成， change into變成 Change the shirt fora biggerone. Waterchangesinto ice.129. continue, last二者均為持續(xù)， continue 主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)均可， last 只能用主動(dòng) The war continued/lastedfiveyears. The story is t

41、o be continued.130. feed, raisefeed 喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng) (to givefood to)， raise 飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育 (causeto grow, bring upchildren)raise the family131. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生， go to a doctor去看病132. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice 注意到， observe 觀察，仔細(xì)地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars133

42、. insist on, stick toinsist on堅(jiān)持要求，后常接 doing, stick to堅(jiān)持 , 后常接 sth. stick to the plan134. look, seem, appearlook 指從外表上看， seem 指內(nèi)心的判斷， appear 指給人以表面的印象appear wise,look like his father135. gather, collectgather 把分散的東西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集collectstamps136. mean to do, mean doingmean to do打算，想要做某事，

43、mean doing 意思是，意味著B(niǎo)y this I mean giving the students more practice.137. die from, die ofdie from 表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過(guò)度勞累，飲食過(guò)度等，die of 表示死于疾病，饑餓，寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素die of hunger and cold138. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for 為付錢， pay back 還錢，但不一定還清， pay off還清 pay for the book, payoff the debt139. divide, separ

44、atedivide 把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分， separate 把連在一起的個(gè)體分開(kāi) divide the apple, separate the houses 140. arrive, get, reacharrive不及物動(dòng)詞，后接in ( 大地點(diǎn) ) ， at( 小地點(diǎn) ) ， get 不及物動(dòng)詞后接to ， reach 及物動(dòng)詞arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing141. grow, plantgrow 使某種植物在某地生長(zhǎng)著或使其發(fā)展下去， plant 移植，移栽已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)成秧苗的植物 plant the trees, trees

45、 are growing142. manage, trymanage to do設(shè)法做成了某事，try to do盡力去做某事但不一定成功。8歡迎下載精品文檔He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.143. choose, selectchoose 憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇，select有目的地仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地選擇choosethe best answer144. build, put up, set up, foundbuild 一般用語(yǔ)，建成， put up 臨時(shí)搭建， set up 建成（內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全） ， found 國(guó)家或組織的建成 put up a tent, set up a school 145. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.146. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with 同意某人， agree to 同意某事，agree on 在上達(dá)