第8講_Active_vs_passive_Voice-revised

1、Reviewl播種時(shí)，必須注意把種子均勻散開，這樣種子在生長(zhǎng)時(shí)就不過分擁擠，每粒種子就可以得到充足的陽光、空氣、水分和養(yǎng)料。l When seeds are planted, care is taken that they are well spread out, so that the plants are not crowded when they grow. This ensures that each seed obtains sufficient light, air, water and food.l 災(zāi)難深重的中華民族，一百年來，其優(yōu)秀人物奮斗犧牲，前赴后繼，摸索救國(guó)救民的真理，

2、是可歌可泣的。l It moved us to songs and tears that for a hundred years, the finest sons and daughters of the disaster-ridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into the breach as another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people.3Translation of the

3、Active & the Passive Voice4Warm-upl1. The murderer was caught yesterday, and it is said that he will be hanged.l2. Kissinger was alarmed by Chinas first atomic blast in October, 1964.l3. The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are known.l4. 昨晚我蓋了兩條被子。l5. 困難克服了，工作完成

4、了，問題也解決了。l6. 眾所周知，中國(guó)人在兩千多年前就發(fā)明了指南針。5lReference:l4. Last night I was covered up with two quilts.l5. The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finished and the problem solved.l6. It is well known that the compass was invented in China more than two thousand years ago.6Features of Chinese

5、PassivelI. Infrequent Use of the Passive Voice la. Usually denoting sth Undesirable. “被被” ：被殺；：被殺； 被俘；被剝削被俘；被剝削 “讓、給讓、給” ：玩具讓人給弄壞了：玩具讓人給弄壞了 “受、叫、由、遭、蒙受、獲、挨、為受、叫、由、遭、蒙受、獲、挨、為所所 ” 她被花言巧語所陶醉。她被花言巧語所陶醉。 She was intoxicated by/with sweet words.7Features of Chinese Passive b. A modern tendency to denote s

6、th. Pleasant or neutral in some expressions. 受受表彰表彰: be praised or commended 被被評(píng)為先進(jìn)工作者評(píng)為先進(jìn)工作者: be appraised as an advanced worker 8Features of Chinese Passive II. Frequent Use of Active Voice to express Passive Sense 1. 一匹馬騎兩個(gè)人。（用具）一匹馬騎兩個(gè)人。（用具） 2. 這鍋飯能吃十個(gè)人。這鍋飯能吃十個(gè)人。 3. 會(huì)議延期了。（動(dòng)作的承受者）會(huì)議延期了。（動(dòng)作的承受者） 4

7、. 這個(gè)詞必須加以注意。這個(gè)詞必須加以注意。 5. 沙發(fā)擺在客廳里。（動(dòng)作的承受者）沙發(fā)擺在客廳里。（動(dòng)作的承受者） 6. 紙蝴蝶貼在窗戶上。紙蝴蝶貼在窗戶上。 A paper butterfly was pasted on the windowpane.9Features of Chinese Passive7. 新中國(guó)新中國(guó)是是1949年年10月月1日成立日成立的的。8. 國(guó)外超市的很多產(chǎn)品都國(guó)外超市的很多產(chǎn)品都是是中國(guó)制造中國(guó)制造的的。 subjectless9. 必須使溫度很快從室溫升至必須使溫度很快從室溫升至125 。10. 不要故意把這些問題混在一起。不要故意把這些問題混在一起。1

8、1. 用這個(gè)方法可以將油與水分離開來。用這個(gè)方法可以將油與水分離開來。lThe temperature should be raised quickly from room temperature to 125 .lThese questions should not be deliberately mixed up.lOil can be separated from water by this method. 10Functions of the English Passive 1. Passive voice is used when the agent (doer) of the ac

9、tion is unknown or does not need to be mentioned. Voices were heard calling for help.2. To give different focus. Joe has taken my place. The place has been taken by Joe.11Functions of the English Passive3. To express objectiveness. The experiment was conducted under the supervision of a group of sci

10、entists. It is said (stated) that據(jù)說 It is estimated (predicted, calculated, reported) that據(jù)估計(jì)（報(bào)道） It is believed that據(jù)信；人們相信 It is rumored that. 有傳言說；坊間盛傳 page 121, textbook12 In scientific writings, the following patterns are often used: The principle of is outlined. 本文論述本文論述的原則。的原則。 An account of

11、is given. 本文敘述本文敘述。 The use of is addressed. 本文論述本文論述的應(yīng)用。的應(yīng)用。 The mechanism of is examined. 本文探討本文探討的處理。的處理。 An analysis of was carried out. 本文對(duì)本文對(duì)進(jìn)行了分析。進(jìn)行了分析。 page 122, textbook 13Functions of the English Passive4. To show politeness in putting forward suggestions or criticisms. (1) Turn in the pap

12、er tomorrow, if it can be done. (The teacher makes a polite request) (2) It is hoped that she will cure her bad habit of crying. (This probably appears on the school report)14Functions of the English Passive5. To show a formal style. (1) You are invited to a graduation party (2) Under the auspices o

13、f the Students Union A lecture will be given by Onat1. He has been wedded to translation.2. The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.3. Before reaching his teens, Christopher was firmly installed as official second violinist in the court orchestra. 4.

14、The hall is air-conditioned and beautifully lighted. 他與翻譯他與翻譯結(jié)下不解之緣結(jié)下不解之緣。他在青少年時(shí)期留下的自卑感沒有完完全全消除過。他在青少年時(shí)期留下的自卑感沒有完完全全消除過。克里斯托弗克里斯托弗不到十歲，就穩(wěn)妥地不到十歲，就穩(wěn)妥地當(dāng)上了當(dāng)上了宮廷樂隊(duì)的第宮廷樂隊(duì)的第二提琴手。二提琴手。大廳里大廳里有空調(diào)設(shè)備有空調(diào)設(shè)備，照明設(shè)計(jì)也非常美觀照明設(shè)計(jì)也非常美觀。E-C Practice （1） 165. It was inferred that the distance of Hawaii from Japan made it obv

15、ious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.有人有人推斷，從日本到夏威夷之間的距推斷，從日本到夏威夷之間的距離清楚地表明了，日本的那次襲擊離清楚地表明了，日本的那次襲擊是是在許多天甚至許多星期以前就仔細(xì)計(jì)在許多天甚至許多星期以前就仔細(xì)計(jì)劃好劃好的的。E-C Practice （2）176. Children should be taught to speak the truth.7. Mention should also be made of the role played by the

16、other team.應(yīng)該應(yīng)該教孩子們講真話。教孩子們講真話。也應(yīng)該也應(yīng)該提一下另一個(gè)隊(duì)所起的作用。提一下另一個(gè)隊(duì)所起的作用。E-C Practice （3）188. Sometimes the communication would be seriously disturbed by solar spots.9. Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.10. I was startled when the menu was brought, for the prices were a great deal higher than I

17、 had expected.有些時(shí)候有些時(shí)候, 太陽黑子太陽黑子會(huì)嚴(yán)重地干擾著會(huì)嚴(yán)重地干擾著通訊通訊。人的思想人的思想形成形成了語言，而語言又了語言，而語言又影響影響人的思想。人的思想。侍者侍者送來了菜單，一看價(jià)錢，比我預(yù)想的送來了菜單，一看價(jià)錢，比我預(yù)想的高得多，我不禁嚇了一跳高得多，我不禁嚇了一跳。E-C Practice （4）1911. One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nin

18、eteenth century by the people of France.12. Shakespeares principal characters are created in typical real situations: the feudal castle, the medieval city, the kings court with its courtly atmosphere, etc.世界上最著名的紀(jì)念碑之一世界上最著名的紀(jì)念碑之一自由女神自由女神是是法國(guó)法國(guó)人民人民19世紀(jì)時(shí)贈(zèng)送給美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)世紀(jì)時(shí)贈(zèng)送給美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的的。莎士比亞的主要人物莎士比亞的主要人物是是塑造于典

19、型的真實(shí)環(huán)境之塑造于典型的真實(shí)環(huán)境之中中的的：封建的城堡，中世紀(jì)的城市，富麗堂皇：封建的城堡，中世紀(jì)的城市，富麗堂皇的宮廷等等。的宮廷等等。E-C Practice （5）2013. The region was visited by the worst drought in twenty years.14. Only a small part of the suns energy reaching the earth is used by us.這個(gè)地區(qū)這個(gè)地區(qū)遭遭受到了受到了二十年來最嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)。二十年來最嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)。傳到地球的太陽能只有一小部分傳到地球的太陽能只有一小部分為為我們我們所所

20、利用利用。E-C Practice （6）2115. What concerns research workers even more, of course is the fact that a certain number of innocent people are bound to be convicted of crimes they have not committed. 當(dāng)然，讓研究人員更為關(guān)切的是這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即即一些清白無辜的人一定會(huì)被冤枉定罪被冤枉定罪。16. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear r

21、eactions in outer space. 這些信號(hào)這些信號(hào)是由是由天體天體/星球相撞或核反應(yīng)星球相撞或核反應(yīng)而而產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生的的。22 1. 故事講的娓娓動(dòng)聽。故事講的娓娓動(dòng)聽。 2. 來賓請(qǐng)出示入場(chǎng)券。來賓請(qǐng)出示入場(chǎng)券。 3. 他出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上，觀眾給予熱烈的掌聲。他出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上，觀眾給予熱烈的掌聲。 The story was told in a pleasant and interesting way.Visitors are requested to show their tickets.He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaude

22、d by the audience.C-E Practice （1）234. 墨跡墨跡是是洗不掉洗不掉的的。5. 推薦我推薦我的是的是一位教授。一位教授。 6. 接見他接見他的是的是一位秘書。一位秘書。China-ink stains cannot be washed out.I was recommended by a professor.He was received by a secretary. C-E Practice （2）247. 決不能決不能把把個(gè)人利益置于國(guó)家利益?zhèn)€人利益置于國(guó)家利益之之上。上。8. 他他被被選為校學(xué)生會(huì)主席。選為校學(xué)生會(huì)主席。9. 窗上的玻璃窗上的玻璃叫叫那

23、個(gè)孩子打破了，他一定要那個(gè)孩子打破了，他一定要挨挨罵罵的。的。 Personal interest must not be placed over and above national interest.He was elected Chairman of the Students Union of this university.The window was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded. / He broke the window and will be scolded for sure.C-E Practice （3）

24、2510. 必須指出，有些問題還需要澄清。必須指出，有些問題還需要澄清。11. 抓住了這個(gè)主要矛盾，一切問題就迎抓住了這個(gè)主要矛盾，一切問題就迎刃而解了。刃而解了。It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.Once this principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved.C-E Practice （4）26Summaryl英語被動(dòng)句多數(shù)情況下譯成漢語的主動(dòng)句，只有在強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或特別突出不好的事物或結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)

25、候才譯成漢語的被動(dòng)句。我們要選擇一種既符合漢語習(xí)慣，又保持上下文連貫的譯法。l 相反，漢語的被動(dòng)句仍然可譯成英語的被動(dòng)句；很多漢語的主動(dòng)句含有被動(dòng)的含義，也可以譯成英語的被動(dòng)句。但采用主動(dòng)句還是被動(dòng)句，要依據(jù)上下文的連貫和文體需要。27Homeworkl P 129-130 l Ex. I & II28It can not be denied that 無可否認(rèn)It is sometimes asked that 人們有時(shí)會(huì)問It is universally accepted that 人們普遍認(rèn)為It is unanimously agreed that 大家一致同意The Translation of the Idiomatic Passive (慣用被動(dòng)式譯法慣用被動(dòng)式譯法) 29It was first intended