人教版新課標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、新課標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Grammar: 特殊疑問(wèn)句： wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成及用法：1.結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句，即：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be/助動(dòng)詞 /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) /表語(yǔ)（ +其他）疑問(wèn)代詞：1) Who: 誰(shuí)。做主語(yǔ)，用來(lái)指人Who is the boy under the tree?2） Whom 誰(shuí)，做賓語(yǔ)，用來(lái)指人Whom are you writing to?3) Whose 誰(shuí)的，用

2、來(lái)指所屬關(guān)系，如果做定語(yǔ)，一般后接名詞Whose pen is this?4) Which哪個(gè)，哪些，用來(lái)指對(duì)人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen isLily s?5)What 什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒(méi)有指出范圍的情況下What can you see in the picture? What are youdoing now?疑問(wèn)副詞：1)When: 何時(shí)，詢問(wèn)時(shí)間When will she come back?2)Where 何地，詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)，Where do you come from?

3、3)Why 為什么，詢問(wèn)原因，Why are you late for school?4)How 如何，詢問(wèn)手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school?5)How old 多大，詢問(wèn)年齡， How old is Jim s little brother?6)How many/much 多少，詢問(wèn)數(shù)量How many birds are there in the tree?7)How far 多遠(yuǎn)，詢問(wèn)距離，How far is it form your home to school?8)How long 多長(zhǎng)，多久，詢問(wèn)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度或距離How lo

4、ng will you stay in Beijing?9) How often 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間按一次，詢問(wèn)頻率How often do you go to see your grandparents?10) How soon 多久，詢問(wèn)時(shí)間 How soon will you come back?頻率副詞：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 What s the matter with you?Grammar:1. 用 have 來(lái)描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了 病2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shoul

5、d,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,can, may, must 沒(méi)有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Grammar: 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要做某事或計(jì)劃打算做某事要用到句型“ be+doing ”其中 be 是助動(dòng)詞， 它有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Be: am, is, are.be + v.ing 是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式，但用于表示將來(lái)。用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，常用于表示即將來(lái)臨的未來(lái)預(yù)定要做的事情，一般指?jìng)€(gè)人計(jì)劃要做的事。用于此情況的動(dòng)詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive

6、, move 等。一肯定句中，結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+doing. ”I am going shopping this afternoon.二否定句是在be 之后加 not.Im not going to shopping this afternoon.三一般疑問(wèn)句是將be 置于句首Are you going shopping this afternoon? Yes, I am/ we are.No, I m not./ We arent.四特殊疑問(wèn)句“疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。 ”What are you doing for vacation?Who are you going there with?U

7、nit 4 How do you get to school?When is he going camping?Where is she going?Grammar: How 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。How does he get to shool?- He takes the train to get to shool.1Very 絕不可以用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 minutes to

8、walk.How far is it from your home to school? Its four miles from my home to school.How old is he now?She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)略結(jié)構(gòu)：how about ?+ 名詞或動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式，用于提出建議、 請(qǐng)求或征求意見(jiàn)、 詢問(wèn)消息等。 如：Howabo

9、ut playing tennis?Unit 5Can you come to my party?Grammar: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 及邀請(qǐng)句式及其問(wèn)答一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 的用法：Can 是最長(zhǎng)用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形，can 的否定形式為 cannot， cant.1.can 表“能力” ，意思是：能，會(huì)I can paly basketball,but I can tswim.2.can 表示能力時(shí)可和 be able to互換，be able to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)， 常被用來(lái)表示can 所 不能表示的將來(lái)或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this

10、 machine on their own in three months.3.表示“可能性” ，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.4. 表示允許，意思是可以能夠You can have the book when I have finished it.5. 表示“驚訝、不相信等（用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或感嘆句中”。意思是“會(huì)、可能。 ”This cantbe true. Can it be true?二如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請(qǐng)1. 表達(dá)邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：Can you come to ? Could you come to ?Wo

11、uld you like to come to ? Do you want to come to ?2. 接受邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：Sure.Certainly.OK. I d love to.3. 謝絕邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：Im sorry, I can t. I have to Im afraid I can t. I have to I don tthink I can. I have to Unit 6I m more outgoing than my sister.Grammar: 形容詞的比較級(jí)一規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化（課本P93）二 than 是比較級(jí)中最常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞，意思是“比”。用于引出比

12、較的對(duì)象。re older thanI am. You are older than me.三形容詞比較級(jí)前， 有時(shí)可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times 等詞來(lái)修飾。 Much和 far 表示“ 得多”,muchbetter 好得多， a little, a bit 表示稍微， 一些，一點(diǎn)。 a little shorter,稍微矮點(diǎn)； even 表示“甚至，更加，還要 ”evenbigger 還要大些， three times 表示“ 三倍”，如 three times bigger than 比 大三倍very,so,too, qui

13、te 修飾原級(jí)Unit 7How do you make banana milk shake?Grammar:可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞一可數(shù)名詞英語(yǔ)中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量可數(shù)。其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加a 或an,表示一個(gè)，如 a pear. 其負(fù)數(shù)形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es（特殊情況除外） ，如 two bananas, three tomatoes.Manymanyapplesa few studentsfew bags二不可數(shù)名詞21.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或 an.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)可

14、在不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)。如a bag of2.常見(jiàn)的量詞短語(yǔ)有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of 3.不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量：much much rain a little little4.既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：Lots of= a lot of 許多，大量some 一些（用于肯定句）any 一些（用于否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句）Unit 8 How was your school trip?Grammar:一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 指在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去意義的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連

15、用。如：yesterday, lastyear(week,month ),two years ago, in2006等。有時(shí)也可用 when,after,before, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。該時(shí)態(tài)在句中的體現(xiàn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。謂語(yǔ)be 動(dòng)詞 was/were否定： wasnt/weren t一 Be 動(dòng)詞句型一般疑問(wèn)句： was/were + 主語(yǔ) 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +was/were+ 主語(yǔ)陳述句：主語(yǔ) +was/were+ (肯定句 )否定句：主語(yǔ) +wasnt/weren t+二行為動(dòng)詞句型（當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要借助動(dòng)詞did 構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句）肯定

16、式：主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式否定式：主語(yǔ) +didn t+ 動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問(wèn)句： Did + 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形特殊疑問(wèn)句： Did+ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形Unit 9 When was he born?Grammar:一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，不同之處在于須將be 動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，即“特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +were 或 was(第三人稱單數(shù) )+主語(yǔ) +（表語(yǔ)） +其他成分”或“特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +助動(dòng)詞 did+ 主語(yǔ) +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 +其他成分?！币弧⒁?when 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，對(duì)某人的出生年月進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，句型是：When was/were born? was/w

17、ere born in + 時(shí)間When was David beckham born?大衛(wèi) .貝克漢姆是什么時(shí)候出生的？He was born in 1975.二以 how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，對(duì)表示某一短時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。句型是：How long did +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞？How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.三 When did he start hiccupping?他什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始打嗝？When +did+ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞？Unit 10 I m going to be a

18、 basketball player.Grammar: 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形What are you going to do next Sunday?2. will/shall +動(dòng)詞原形I will go to my hometown next week.3.be +v.ingThe Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4. be +動(dòng)詞不定式 You are to be back

19、by 10 o clock.5. be + about + 動(dòng)詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?Grammar: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)某一動(dòng)作的看法和態(tài)度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、愿望、必要、猜測(cè)等。Can(能、會(huì) ),may( 可以 ),must( 必須、一定 )等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)： (1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，且沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a t

20、eacher. 3. We may go home now.(2)變否定句時(shí)，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not,無(wú)需加助動(dòng)詞。He cantplay the guitar well.3He cantanswer the question. You mustntbe late.(3)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，須將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測(cè)，意為“能，會(huì)，可以?！眂ant, 意為“不能，不會(huì)，不可以?！?，還有“不可能”之意。-Can you drive? Sorry, I cant.It can tbe true.(5)can 也可表示請(qǐng)求與邀請(qǐng)Can you please sweep the floor?Unit12 What s the best radio station?Grammar:形