及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞

1、. .jz*動(dòng)詞1 表示動(dòng)作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。2 根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類，分別是：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞notional verb 、系動(dòng)詞link verb 、助動(dòng)詞 auxiliary verb、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞modal verb。說明：有些情況下，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞，例如：we are having a meeting. 我們正在開會(huì)。having是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。he has gone to new york. 他已去紐約。has是助動(dòng)詞。3 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動(dòng)詞transitive verb、不及物動(dòng)詞 intransitive verb，縮寫形式分別為vt. 和

2、 vi.。* 英語動(dòng)詞是句子的核心。它既決定著句子意思的表達(dá)同時(shí)又決定著句子的語法構(gòu)造。難怪有人說，英語是動(dòng)詞和介詞的語言?？梢娧芯縿?dòng)詞的用法在英語學(xué)習(xí)中是十分重要的。(一、 ) 分清及物不及物: 分清動(dòng)詞的及物不及物是在英語學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問題。動(dòng)詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況：a主要用作及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語?？梢杂糜冢褐髦^賓 ；主謂雙賓；主謂賓賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)造。如：he reached paris the day before yesterday. please hand me the book over there. they asked me to go fishing wi

3、th them. 類似的還有： buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell. b主要用作不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語。只能用與：主謂 構(gòu)造。this is the room where i once lived. 類似的還有： agree, go, work, listen, look, e, d

4、ie, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed. c既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變。如begin 都是作 開場(chǎng) 講。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 類似的還有： start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve. d既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。這類動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞是

5、一個(gè)意義；而作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻是另一個(gè)意義。如lift 作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的 消散 。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是升高；舉起。he lifted his glass and drank. . .jz*類似的還有： beat vi.跳動(dòng)vt. 敲、打 ; grow vi.生長 vt. 種植play vi.玩耍vt. 打牌、球,演奏smell vi.發(fā)出氣味vt. 嗅ring vi.、鈴響vt.打speak vi. 講話vt. 說語言hang vi. 懸掛vt. 絞死operate vi.動(dòng)手術(shù)vt. 操作(二、 ) 區(qū)分表

6、動(dòng)作與表結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，不涉及該動(dòng)詞的結(jié)果。如：he looked at the picture. he saw a picture . 前一句中的動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)看這一動(dòng)作；而后一句中的動(dòng)詞表示看到 這一結(jié)果。類似的還有：tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade 等。(三、 ) 記住瞬間動(dòng)詞英語中不少動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在瞬間就可以完成如：he arrived in paris yesterday.

7、而另一些動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作那么可以延續(xù)如：they worked until 12 oclock last night. 特別是在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。瞬間動(dòng)詞有： arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize. 等。(四、 ) 掌握好表狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞與表變化的連系動(dòng)詞英語中的連系動(dòng)詞主要分為兩大類：a表狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。如：he

8、is a good worker. 除了 be 而外，還有：stand(位于 ),lie(位于 ),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own. 等。b另一類連系動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或變化，是由行為動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。一般在這些連系動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞作表語如：his hair grows grey. 這類連系動(dòng)詞還有: turn, bee, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get. 等。(五、 ) 注意詞義相近，用法不同的動(dòng)詞a表主觀與客觀的動(dòng)詞i received his invitation last nigh

9、t, but i didnt want to accept it. 該句中， 動(dòng)詞 receive, accept 都表示 承受 但前者表示客觀地接收到什么東西；后者表示i . .jz*的主觀意愿。類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有：listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to 等。b表直接與間接的動(dòng)詞he heard that the scientist would e to our school. he heard of the news that the scientist would e to our school. 前句中 hear的表示直接聽說的，而后一

10、句中hear of 的表示間接聽說的。類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有： know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。(六、 ) 重視多字動(dòng)詞的用法所謂多字動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)詞與某些副詞、介詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞詞組。一般有四種形式：a動(dòng)詞 +介詞 構(gòu)造。該構(gòu)造中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)和一些介詞搭配后，那么把它看成一個(gè)整體，即把它看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。如：we never thought of such success when we first started. 類似用法的還有：agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call

11、upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to. b動(dòng)詞 +副詞 構(gòu)造。該構(gòu)造中的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞的，該構(gòu)造及物；是不及物的，那么不及物。如：we put off the sports meet. after he grew up, he went to london to work for a pany. 類似用法的還有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up,

12、hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out., wake up, shut up, e about, break out, carry on, e up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up

13、. 在這類構(gòu)造中， 必須注意有的多字動(dòng)詞即及物又可不及物。有的甚至漢語意義也完全不一樣。如：he looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起頭看 ) he looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. 查找 ) 類似的有break down vi.車等壞了vt. 分解，分為; go over vi. 走過去vt. 復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)查看等。c動(dòng)詞 +副詞 +介詞 構(gòu)造。如：we should do away with that sort of thing. 類似的有： give in to, ca

14、tch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with. d動(dòng)詞 + 名詞 + 介詞 構(gòu)造。該構(gòu)造是最多，最常見的多字動(dòng)詞。如：we will take care of them. 類似的有： catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire

15、to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in. * . .jz*說明：同一動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如：she can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。sing在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞。she can sing many english songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。sing用作及物動(dòng)詞。4 根據(jù)是否受主語的

16、人稱和數(shù)的限制，可分兩類，分別是：限定動(dòng)詞finite verb、非限定動(dòng)詞 non-finite verb 例如：she sings very well. 她唱得很好。sing受主語 she的限制，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。she wants to learn english well. 她想學(xué)好英語。to learn 不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動(dòng)詞。說明：英語中共有三種非限定動(dòng)詞，分別是：動(dòng)詞不定式infinitive 、動(dòng)名詞 gerund、分詞 participle。5) 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的組成形式，可分為三類， 分別是：?jiǎn)巫衷~one-word verb 、 短語動(dòng)詞p

17、hrasal verb、動(dòng)詞短語verbal phrase 例如：the english language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英語里有許多短語動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語。contains 是單字動(dòng)詞。students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)查字典。look up 是短語動(dòng)詞。the young ought to take care of the old. 年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。take care of是動(dòng)詞短語。6動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài)，分別是：原形o

18、riginal form 、第三人稱單數(shù)形式singular from in third personal 、 過去式past form 、 過去分詞past participle 、 現(xiàn)在分詞 present participle 。7) 及物動(dòng)詞不需要介詞在英語錯(cuò)誤中，及物動(dòng)詞介詞賓語transitive verb+preposition+object ，是常見的一種。所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是謂語動(dòng)詞predicative verb，不必通過介詞引薦賓語。相反的，不及物動(dòng)詞 intransitive verb是不帶賓語的。有許多動(dòng)詞，雖然性質(zhì)是及物的，但不一定要有賓語，如以下的a 和 a便是這種

19、情形：a. we study every day. b. do you study english every day. a. please write clearly next time. . .jz*b. can you write your position now 如果本質(zhì)上就是不及物動(dòng)詞，就不會(huì)有賓語；假設(shè)要賓語，就要借介詞之助，一起連用才行，如 b 和 b;a和 a是錯(cuò)的；*a. the children are listening the music. b. the children are listening to the music. *a. she is laughing

20、the crippled man. b. she is laughing at the crippled man. 反之，及物動(dòng)詞不必靠介詞，就可以帶賓語，如上述的b 和 b ，又如和： john is giving a book to me. who will answer this question 如果無意中把介詞加上，就錯(cuò)了，如：* who will answer to this question 以下這句從房地產(chǎn)廣告中看到的句子，也犯了同樣的錯(cuò)：we have many buyers awaiting for available units here. awaiting 是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞

21、，后面的介詞for 是多余的，要去掉；不然把a(bǔ)waiting改為waiting for 也行。許多人習(xí)慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動(dòng)詞后面，然后才帶出賓語。最常見的是emphasize/stress on/upon 和discuss about，如： singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. in our education system, we stress upon examination results. world leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening

22、 economic problems. 顯然的，這三句里的介詞on/upon 和about是多余的，不必要的。. .jz*下面是些類似的錯(cuò)誤： the young must obey to their elders. do not approach to that odd-looking man. the audience attacked on the rude speaker. nothing can escape from his parents eyes. do you hope to serve for your nation when did susan marry with pa

23、ul 1)及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verb)。如：i believe that the mittee will consider our suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考慮我們的建議?！?how long can i keep the book harry asked. 哈里問：“這本書我可以借多久 dr. bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好典范。crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。2)不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整

24、后面不須跟賓語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb) 。如：birds fly.鳥會(huì)飛。it happened in june 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三；年六月。my watch stopped. 我的表停了。she spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言。3)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞英語里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞又有兩種不同的情況：a)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意義不變。試比擬：shall i begin at once 我可以立刻開場(chǎng)嗎 (begin作不及物動(dòng)詞

25、) she began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書館管理員。. .jz*(began作及物動(dòng)詞 ) when did they leave chicago他們是什么時(shí)候離開芝加哥的？(leave 作及物動(dòng)詞 ) they left last week. 他們是上周離開的。 (left 作不及物動(dòng)詞 ) b)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)意義不盡一樣。如：wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。does this cloth wash well 這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎 4) 與漢語的比擬有時(shí)英語

26、動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法，與漢語的用法不一樣，請(qǐng)注意以下兩種情況：a)有的動(dòng)詞在英語里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，而漢語那么可用作及物動(dòng)詞， 如 arrive到達(dá)， agree同意， 1isten聽。英語里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞。如：we arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午到達(dá)火車站。 (at不能省去 )(比擬：we reached the railway station at noon.) everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽講課。(to不可省去 )(比擬：

27、 we all heard the lecture.) do they agree to the plan 他們同意這個(gè)方案嗎 (to 不可省去 ) b)有的動(dòng)詞在英語里能用作及物動(dòng)詞，而在漢語里那么不能用作及物動(dòng)詞，如serve為效勞。our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民效勞思路分析 及物動(dòng)詞后面可直接接賓語， 不及物動(dòng)詞后面不可直接接賓語，一般要加介詞后再接賓語。實(shí)際上很多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞。. .jz*我舉一個(gè)例子，就說 write。 如 i am writing

28、.和 i am writing a letter. 在前一個(gè)句子 write是不及物動(dòng)詞，在后一個(gè)句子write是及物動(dòng)詞。又如， see是及物動(dòng)詞，但在特殊情況下如 seeing is believing 。解題過程 從是否需要賓語來分，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。1)及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verb)。如：i believe that the mittee will consider our suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考慮我們的建議?！?how long can i keep the book harry ask

29、ed. 哈里問：“這本書我可以借多久 dr. bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好典范。crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。2)不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb) 。如：birds fly.鳥會(huì)飛。it happened in june 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三；年六月。my watch stopped. 我的表停了。she spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.

30、她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言。3)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞英語里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及. .jz*物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞又有兩種不同的情況：a)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意義不變。試比擬：shall i begin at once 我可以立刻開場(chǎng)嗎 (begin作不及物動(dòng)詞 ) she began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書館管理員。(began作及物動(dòng)詞 ) when did they leave chicago他們是什么時(shí)候離開芝加哥的？(leave 作及物動(dòng)詞 ) they left last week

31、. 他們是上周離開的。 (left 作不及物動(dòng)詞 ) b)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)意義不盡一樣。如：wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。does this cloth wash well 這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎 4) 與漢語的比擬有時(shí)英語動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法，與漢語的用法不一樣，請(qǐng)注意以下兩種情況：a)有的動(dòng)詞在英語里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，而漢語那么可用作及物動(dòng)詞， 如 arrive到達(dá)， agree同意， 1isten聽。英語里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞。如：we arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午到達(dá)火車站

32、。 (at不能省去 )(比擬：we reached the railway station at noon.) everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽講課。(to不可省去 )(比擬： we all heard the lecture.) do they agree to the plan 他們同意這個(gè)方案嗎 (to 不可省去 ) b)有的動(dòng)詞在英語里能用作及物動(dòng)詞，而在漢語里那么不能用作及物動(dòng)詞，如serve為效勞. .jz*7| 評(píng)論2010-08-21 15:23 cyb654| 二級(jí)首先你要知道一般的句子都由主，謂，賓組成，表達(dá)“誰做了什么。主語就是這個(gè)句子描寫的對(duì)象，就是“誰。主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作名詞n.或代詞 pron.謂語就是表達(dá)這個(gè)主語怎么了，干什么了，就是“做。謂語就是這個(gè)動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞v.賓語就是這個(gè)句子的主語做了什么的對(duì)象，是“對(duì)“什么做。賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者(也是名詞或代詞 ) 有些句子缺賓語， 因?yàn)榫渥永镒鲋^語的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞是“不及物動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞分“及物和“不及物，“及你就理解成“涉及， 有關(guān)聯(lián)，“物你就理解成“事物或人。這樣“及物的動(dòng)詞就是