綜合英語3(上外第二版)課文主要單詞講解

1、unit 1 fresh start(1) distinct a. clearly seen, heard, felt, understood, etc.; noticeablee.g.now that the boss was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude. the children have distinct memories of their grandfather in his last days.comparison:distinct & distinctivedistinctiv

2、e: it means having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize.e.g.there is a distinct smell of beer in this room.distinct: something that is distinct can clearly be seen, heard, smelled, etc.e.g.beer has a very distinctive smell; its quite distinct from the s

3、mell of wine.(2) clutch vt. hold or graspvi. try to grasp or seizee.g.the frightened woman clutched her bags to her breast.he clutched at the rope we had thrown to him but could not reach it.synonyms:seize, graspe.g.she seized my arm as she fell.grasp the essence / main points(3) glimpse n.1. a quic

4、k look at sb. or sth.e.g.i caught a glimpse of our new neighbo匚2. a short experience of sth. that helps you begin to understand ite.g.her worried face gave me a glimpse of her true feelings. 她的憂傷表情使我感受到她內(nèi)心的真實感情。(4) reserve n. a quality in sb.'s character that make them not like expressing their

5、emotions or talking about their problemse.g.being a man of reserve, mr. york was never popular with his colleagues-judy has tried every means to break through the reserve of her stepson.derivation:reserved a.e.g.the english have a reputation for being reserved.(5) whereaboutsn. approximate locationa

6、d. used to ask in what general area sth. or sb. ise.g.the orphan whereabouts is / are still unknown.the police have appealed for information concerning the whereabouts of the stolen car used in the robbery.whereabouts did you grow up?(6) demeanor n. the way sb. behaves, dresses, speaks, etc. that sh

7、ows what their character is likehis demeanor was clam and steady.他的舉止沉著、穩(wěn)健。the girl has a quiet, modest demeanor.這個女孩了的態(tài)度嫻靜而謙遜。(7) scribble (down) v. write sth. quickly and untidilye.g.i scribbled his phone number in my address book.he scribbled down our names.(8) grope v.1. try to find sth. that yo

8、u cannot see by feeling with your handse.g.ginny groped for her glasses on the bedside table.collocations:grope forgrope arounde.g.we groped around in the darkness.2. go somewhere by feeling the way with your handsbecause you cannot seee.g.i was groping my way blindly through the trees.collocations:

9、grope your way along / across, etc.(9) tip off give an advanced warning or hint toe.g.somebody must have tipped the burglars off that the house would be empty.the police was tipped off about the robbery.(10) goody (pl. goodies) n.1. sth. that is nice to eate.g.we bought lots of goodies for the picni

10、c.variant spelling:(british english) goodie2. sth. attractive, pleasant, or desirablee.g.the competition gives you the chance to win all sorts of goodies.(11) flail v. (cause sth. to) wave or swing about wildlye.g.i flailed my arms to get her attentionthe baby，s feet flailed under the quilt.(12) rea

11、r end(informal) the part of your body which you sit on(13) sneak v.go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoid being seen or hearde.g.they sneaked off without paying!she snuck out of the house once her parents were asleep.collocations:sneak in / out / away / offsynonym:creep(14) crunchy-chew

12、y-salty-sweet biteword formation:the four adjectives are chained up with hyphens to form a new modifier placed before a noun.here the modifier "crunchy-chewy-salty-sweet describes the texture and taste of the fast food, which is crunchy, chewy, salty and sweet.e.g.a red-hot news storyan all-rou

13、nd athlete(15) tiptoe v. walk quietly and carefully on your toes, so that nobody hears you e.g.his mother tiptoed into the room.i tiptoed along the corrido匚collocation:tiptoe around (sth.): try to avoid dealing with a difficult or embarrassing subject or probleme.g.they were tiptoeing around the del

14、icate subject of money.(16) poor (old) soul used to show pity for sb.e.g.the poor old soul had fallen and broken her hip.(17) spaghettitagliatelle意大利干面條a type of pasta that is cut into very long thin flat piecesspaghetti意大利式細(xì)面條a type of pasta in very long thin pieces, that is cooked in boiling water

15、 macaroni通心粉a type of pasta in the shape of small tubes(18) go out to sb. go out to sb. used to say that someone feels a lot of sympathy towards another persone.g.his heart went out to mrs. bradshaw and her fatherless child.(19) grin v> show that you are very happy or pleased by smiling widelycol

16、location:grin from ear to ear: grin very widely(20) slink v. go or move in a quiet, stealthy way; move as if one feels guilty or ashamed, or does not want to be seene.g.she tried to slink (=sneak) out of the office so that nobody would see her.the cat slunk (=sneaked) through the grass toward its pr

17、ey.(21) malicious a. very unkind and cruel, and deliberately behaving in a way that is likely to upset or hurt sb.e.g.a malicious remarkmalicious gossipderivation：malice (n.): a desire to harm sb. because you hate theme.g.he did it through malice.i am quite certain that his wife bears malice to / to

18、wards / against (=feels continuing dislike for) me.(22) run with the crowdan independent man, peter never goes with the tide.彼得是個有主見的人，從不隨 人流。you can do what you want to do, but never follow the crowd.你想做什么就做什么， 可別隨大流。hait hasrft got a mind of his own on any matter of importance; he just swims with

19、the tide.海特在任何重要問題上都沒有自己的主見，他只是隨大流。she is always falling into line with the majority.她總是隨人流。(23) shackle n.a metal fastening, usually one of a pair, for encircling and confining the ankle or wrist of a prisoner or captive; (fig.) a restraint or check to action or progress, often used in the plural f

20、orme.g.it is hard to break through the shackles of habit.the policeman placed shackles on the suspect hands.unit 2 the company man(1) to deathused after an adjective or a verb to emphasize the action, state, or feeling mentioned e.g.worned to death; frightened to death; bored to death; starve to dea

21、th; put to death(2) obituary (infml obit) nprinted notice (e.g. in a newspaper) of a personas death, often with a short account of his life and achievements(3) comparison:fat: having too much flesh on your body. it is rude to tell someone directly that they are fat.e.g.she thinks she，s fat.he looks

22、the same just a little fatte r.overweight: weighing more than you should. many diseases are caused by being overweight.she was several kilos overweight.large: used when saying that someone is tall and often fat.“l(fā)arge" is more common than “big" in written english.my father was a large man.

23、two large ladies obese: extremely fat in a way that is unhealthye.g.he went to a summer camp for obese teenagers.chubby: slightly fat in a nice-looking way (used especially about babies and children) a chubby little baby was playing on the rug.plump: a woman or child who is plump is slightly fat, es

24、pecially in a pleasant way e.g.her mother was a plump cheerful woman.flabby: having soft loose flesh rather than strong musclese.g.a flabby stomachher body was getting old and flabby.portly: (literary) fat and round 一 used especially about an old mane.g.the bishop was a portly middle-aged gentleman.

25、(4) survive v. live longer than sb. else, usually sb. closely related to youthe old lady has survived all her children.那老太太的子女都先她而去世了。(5) lineup n. a line of people that is formed for inspection or identificationunit 3 out of step(1) eccentric(of people or behavior) unconventional and slightly stran

26、gee.g.the old gentleman, who lived alone all his life, was said to have some eccentric habits.n. a person of unconventional and slightly strange views or behaviore.g.the old gentleman enjoyed a colorful reputation as an engaging eccentric.detailed reading(2) curb n.(british english: kerb) a line of

27、raised stones separating the footpath from the road v. / n. (place) a control or limit on sth. undesirablee.g.poor nutrition can curb a chilcts development both physically and mentally.there will be curbs on drunk-driving from next month.(3) habituate v.accustom by frequent repetition or prolonged e

28、xposuree.g.you must habituate yourself to reading aloud.by the end of the school term, the students had been habituated / accustomed / used to rising at five o5 clock.(4) contortion n.a twisted position or movement that looks surprising or strangee.g.the spectators cannot but admire the contortions

29、of the gymnasts.derivation:contort (v.) cause sth. to twist out of its natural shape and looks strange or unttractive the human understanding is like a false mirror, which, receiving rays irregularly distorts and discolors the nature of things by mingling its own nature with it. (francis bacon).comp

30、arison:distort, twist, deform, contort & warpthese verbs mean to change and spoil the form or character of sth.distort:to distort is to alter in shape, as by torsion or wrenching; the term also applies to verbal or pictorial misrepresentation and to alteration or perversion of the meaning of sth

31、.deform: if you deform sth., or if it deforms, its usual shape changes so that its usefulness or appearance is spoiled.e.g.great erosion deformed the landscape.the earlier part of his discourse was deformed by pedantic divisions and subdivisions.twist: twist applies to distortion of form or meaning.

32、e.g.a mouth twisted with painhe accused me of twisting his words to mean what i wanted them to.contort: if you contort sth., or if it contorts, it twists out of its normal shape and looks strange or unattractive.e.g.a face contorted with ragea contorted line of reasoningwarp: warp can refer to a tur

33、ning or twisting from a flat or straight form.prejudice warps the judgment.the floorboards had warped over the years.(5) bring sth> home to sb> make sb. realize sth.e.g.the professor drove home to them that they must finish the writing assignment by friday.comparison:drive sth. home to sb: mak

34、e sb. realize sth., esp. by saying it often, loudly, angrily, etc.e.g.the news report has brought home to us all the plight of the prisoners of war.hit / strike home: (of remarks, etc.) have the intended (often painful) effecte.g.you could see from his expression that her sarcastic comments had hit

35、/ stricken home(6) entertain v.consider an idea, etc. or allow yourself to think that sth. might happen or be truee.g.he refused to entertain our proposal.entertain ideas, doubts, etc.(7) negotiate v.get over or past (an obstacle, etc.) successfully; manage to travel along a difficult routee.g.the o

36、nly way to negotiate the path is on foot.frank mariano negotiates the dessert terrain in his battered pickup.the climber had to negotiate a steep rock face.那攀登者得攀越一陡峭巖石。the horse negotiated the fence with ease.那馬輕易跳過了柵欄。(8) coo vespeak in a soft, gentle, and loving way, esp. when expressing surprise

37、e.g.“how wonderful to see you again, darling/' she cooed.the little girl is always cooing over those parrots of hers.(9) anew adv> (fml)again or one more time, esp. in a different waye.g.the scientists started the experiment anew.the film tells anew the story of her rise to stardom.unit 4 fun

38、, oh, boy, fun, you could die from it(1) overshadow y. make sb or sth less successful, important, or impressive by comparison with others; dominatee.g.ben overshadows all his colleagues with his extraordinary insight and quick wit.she is overshadowed by her younger and more attractive siste匸(2) flun

39、k v. fail, esp. (in) a course or an exame.g.the boy was upset because he flunked (in) an english exam.flunk out. expel or be expelled from a school or course because of work that does not meet the required standardse.g.we didnt flunk out, but our records weren't so good.(3) traipse v> walk we

40、arilye.g.she spent the day traipsing from one shop to anothe匚(4) epitome n. an ideal; a typical representatione.g.his father is the epitome of goodness.epitomize v. be an epitome of sth.e.g.he epitomizes the loving fathershe epitomizes all the good qualities of her family.in his eye, the cat is the

41、epitome of laziness.他認(rèn)為貓是懶惰的化身。this handbook is a neat epitome of everyday hygiene.這本手冊概括了 fl 常衛(wèi)生的 要點。the bank manager epitomizes all the good qualities of his family. 這位辛艮行經(jīng)壬里的 身上集中體現(xiàn)了他們家族的一切優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。(5) dampern.(inf.) sth. that stops an occasion from being as enjoyable as it was intended to bee.g.the

42、bad news put / cast / threw a damper on the party.will the snow put a bit of a damper on your hike plans?(6) blaspheme vshow contempt or disrespect for (god, a divine being, or sacred things)e.g.the bank manager began to rage and blaspheme (against) god.the spiritual leader charged that the film bla

43、sphemed islam.(7) malted milka soluble powder made of dried milk, malted barley, and wheat flour 麥乳精 (由牛 奶、大麥麥牙和面粉制成的可溶粉粒)(8) chunky al (of candy, etc.) containing small, thick piecese.g.chunky peanut butter; chunky soup2. (of a man) short and strong; stockye.g.a chunky man usually has a wide upper

44、body and looks strong.(9) scan v>examine sth. carefully, with the eyes or with a machine, in order to obtain information e.g.she anxiously scanned the faces of the young men leaving the train in the hope of finding her son.to scan a text can also mean look through it quickly in order to find a pi

45、ece of information that one wants or get a general idea of what the text contains.e.g.now, scan the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points.unit 5 the real truth about lies.(1) profess v.e.g.james professed to know everything about sculpture.he professed the greatest respect for

46、 the law.practice:她自稱對此事一無所知。she professed total ignorance of the matte匚他聲稱對該陰謀毫不知情。he professed that he knew nothing about the plot.(2) earth-shattering a. of the greatest importance to the whole worlde.g.after years of hard work, they finally made an earth-shattering discovery.the new invention is

47、 of earth-shattering importance.(3) feign v. pretend to have or be, put on a false air ofe.g.she feigned to be ill in order not to do the exercises.he feigned surprise and they all believed him.e.g.“oh really!'，he said, trying to feign interest.sometimes it's best just to feign ignorance (=p

48、retend that you do not know anything). collocation:feign interest / surprise / ignorance / illness(formal) pretend that you are interested, surprised, etc.e.g.mark closed his eyes and pretended to be asleep.she shouted but he pretended that he hadn?t heard he匸synonym:pretend v. deliberately behave a

49、s though something is true when you know it is not, either for fun or to deceive people(4) spare one's feelingsavoid doing sth. that would upset sbe.g.he simply wished to minimize the fuss and to spare her feelings.we carefully avoided mentioning the news to spare his feelings.(5) preoccupation

50、n.a strong interest in sth., usually because you are worried about it, with the result that you do not pay attention to other thingse.g.because of his preoccupation with his books, he didrtt realize we were already back. such preoccupation with your work isrf t healthy.the state of avoiding giving a

51、 direct answer or making a firm decisione.g.after months of prevarication, a decision was finally made.when we questioned the authorities on the subject, we were met by prevarication.(6) devote togive all or a large part of ones time or resources to (a person, activity, or cause)e.g.i want to devote

52、 more time to my family.he devotes himself to philanthropy.(7) profession n. a form of employment, esp. one that is possible only for an educated person and that is respected in society as honorablee.g.she intends to make teaching her profession.according to the report, forty percent of the lawyers

53、entering the profession are women.(8) pundit n. a person who is an authority on a particular subject; an expertme johnson is a well-known political pundit.we，ve invited a foreign-policy pundit to give us a lecture.(9) shape or spin the truthmodify the truth(10) client n. sb. who pays for services or

54、 advice from a person or an organization e.g.a solicitor and his client(11) ubiquitous a seeming to be everywheree.g.by the end of last century, the computer had become ubiquitous.we are now confronted with the ubiquitous spread of english, fib n. a small unimportant liee.g.have you ever told fibs?s

55、he told innocent fibs like anyone else.(12) invariably ad. alwayse.g.it's invariably wet when i take my holidays.she invariably forgets to take her keys.(13) blurt out v.say sth suddenly and without thinking, usually because one is nervous or excitede.g.to our surprise, he blurted his secret out

56、 at table.john blurted out that he dreamed of becoming a computer programmer.(14) lubricant n« a substance such as oil that one puts on surfaces that rub togethere.g.that all-important task acts as a social lubricant, minimizing frictions.(15) tangled a. complicated or made up of many confusing

57、 partse.g.after listening to his speech i thought his ideas and opinions were so tangled that i could not vote for him.the floor of the forest was covered with tangled growth.(16) wear down reduce or become weaker until uselesse.g.my shoes have worn down at the heel.your back tyres are badly worn down; you should fit new ones.(17) warp v. bend or twist and to be no longer in the correct shapee.g.left in the garage where it was damp, the wooden frame had warpedt