賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)高中英語(yǔ)講解及習(xí)題

1、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的成分。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常常放在賓語(yǔ)之后，和賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。一、 常見(jiàn)的能接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)1. 使役動(dòng)詞（1） 使役動(dòng)詞makemake用作使役動(dòng)詞表示“使”時(shí)，可跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“make +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，其中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是形容詞、名詞、不帶to的不定式、過(guò)去分詞。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我們無(wú)法出去。He couldnt make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈雜聲中他無(wú)法使自己讓別人聽(tīng)

2、到。What makes the grass grow? 什么使得草生長(zhǎng)？ 動(dòng)詞不定式作make 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)要用省略to的形式，但如果用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to一定不能省略。She was made to work twelve hours a day. 她被迫每天工作十二個(gè)小時(shí)。（2） 使役動(dòng)詞havehave 表示“使得”，其后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)： have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事 have sb. Doing sth. 使/讓某人一直做某事 have sth. Done 使/讓某事被做；遭遇某種不幸The teacher had the little boy w

3、rite on the blackboard.老師讓這個(gè)小男孩在黑板上寫(xiě)。dont have the lights burning all the night.不要讓燈整夜亮著。He had the bike repaired yesterday.昨天他讓人修了自行車(chē)。He had his leg broken in the match. 在比賽中他摔斷了腿。（3） 使役動(dòng)詞 leaveleave 用作使役動(dòng)詞，表示“使/讓保持某種狀態(tài)”，可以用形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 He left the door open when he went out. 他出去時(shí)，沒(méi)有關(guān)門(mén)。 Th

4、ey walked off and left me sitting there alone. 他們走開(kāi)了，讓我一個(gè)人坐在那兒。（4） 使役動(dòng)詞 keepkeep 用作使役動(dòng)詞，表示“使/讓保持某種狀態(tài)”，可以用形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Close the door to keep the room warm. 關(guān)上門(mén)讓房間保持暖和。 Youve kept me waiting an hour. 你已經(jīng)讓我等了一個(gè)小時(shí)！（5） 使役動(dòng)詞 getget 用作使役動(dòng)詞，表示“促使某事發(fā)生”或“使得某人做某事”，其后可跟形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 She is gett

5、ing the kids ready for school. 她正在讓孩子們準(zhǔn)備好去上學(xué)。 We get the milk delivered. 我們讓人把牛奶送過(guò)去。 Why dont you get Mike to work as the manager? 你為什么不讓邁克做經(jīng)理呢？ get 后出現(xiàn)不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。2、感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞hear、feel、listen to、look at、watch、notice、observe、smell、see等后要求用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞及過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束的

6、全過(guò)程；用現(xiàn)在分詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用過(guò)去分詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作。 Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off. 湯姆看見(jiàn)他的父母上了車(chē)走了。 He was seen to drive the car at high speed on the highway yesterday.昨天有人看見(jiàn)他在公路上高速開(kāi)車(chē)。 I saw her crying when I came into the classroom.我進(jìn)教室時(shí)看見(jiàn)她在哭。3、心理狀態(tài)和情感類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如think、believe、find、i

7、magine、suppose等，以及表示情感的動(dòng)詞，如love、like、prefer、hate、want、wish等后面均可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 I find it hard to get on well with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)和他相處很難。 We all think it important for us to learn a foreign language. 我們都認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的。4、其他動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中出了上面所列的動(dòng)詞，另外還有allow、prove、advise、permit等動(dòng)詞后可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I think Id advise him to leave th

8、e company. 我想我會(huì)建議他離開(kāi)公司。5、介詞with介詞with后可跟賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以用作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，可以在其中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有：形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、名詞等。 They left the room with lights still on. 他們離開(kāi)了房間，燈還亮著。 He stepped in, with his hands in his pocket. 他雙手放在口袋里走了進(jìn)來(lái)。 The old man walked across the street with the policeman supporti

9、ng him. 老人在警察的攙扶下過(guò)了街。（-ing形式表示主動(dòng)/正在進(jìn)行） With the matter settled, we went home. （-ed形式表示被動(dòng)/完成）二、 能充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的成分1、 名詞He nominated Hank ambassador to France. 他任命漢克為駐法大使。She counted herself a fortunate wife. 她認(rèn)為自己是位幸運(yùn)的妻子。 表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位或頭銜的名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，該名詞前不加冠詞。2、 形容詞Have I made myself clear? 我的意思講清楚了么？3、 動(dòng)詞

10、不定式Permit me to introduce myself.允許我介紹一下自己。Nobody noticed him enter the room. 沒(méi)有人注意到他進(jìn)了房間。4、 現(xiàn)在分詞I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感覺(jué)到風(fēng)吹著我的臉。不定式短語(yǔ)及現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別：a 不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，指事情的全過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束b 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行試比較：Did you see anyone come out of the room? 你看見(jiàn)有人從房間里出來(lái)了么？I saw so

11、meone coming out of the room. 我看見(jiàn)有人正從房間里走出來(lái)。 5、過(guò)去分詞You should make your views known. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)讓別人了解你的想法。Ill have to get that tooth filled. 我得把那顆牙補(bǔ)一補(bǔ)。6、 副詞Let the fresh air in. 讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。 Were having some friends in tonight. 今晚我們要請(qǐng)些朋友來(lái)家里。7、 介詞短語(yǔ)I know youll be able to help me out of the difficulty.我知道你將能幫助我克

12、服困難。8、 從句We will soon make our city what your city is now. 我們不久就要將使我們的城市變成你們城市目前的樣子。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)練習(xí)題1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.(NMET2000) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _

13、.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry4. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D.

14、 risk going5. I found the door _ when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to7. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to

15、 go on8. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled       B. settling      C. to settle    D. being settled9. I advised _ at once. A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start 10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _.A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating11. You had better get a doctor _ y