中考英語八大時態(tài)講解歸納

1、1一般現(xiàn)在時 a表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作、行為或存在的狀態(tài)。 常用的時間狀語有：often, usually, always, every day等。 I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上學(xué)。 There are fifty students in our class. 我們班上有五十個學(xué)生。 u b表示一種客觀事實或普遍真理 The earth is round. 地球是圓的. The sun is bigger than the moon. 太陽比月亮大。u c在條件狀態(tài)從句和時間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 If you d

2、on't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的話，你就要遲到了。 I will wait for you until you come back. 我將一直等到你回來。 動詞三單形式的變化規(guī)則：1. 大多數(shù)動詞直接+s2. 以s,sh,ch,x,o結(jié)尾的動詞+es3. 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞變y為i+es2.一般過去式肯定式否定式 疑問式 一般動詞 I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there. I (You, He, She, We, They) did not work there. Did you (I, h

3、e, she, we, they) work there? be動詞 I (He, She, It) was there. We ( You, They) were there I (He, She, It) was not there. We (You, They) were not there. Was I (he, she, it) there? Were you (we, they) there? have動詞 I (You, He, She, We, They) had books. I (You, He, She, We, They) had not/ didn't hav

4、e any books Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books?或Did I (you, he)have any books? 動詞過去式的構(gòu)成：(1)規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則：一般在動詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如：am(is)-w

5、as, are-were, go-went, take-took, have (has)-had等。a 表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常及表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last week, anhour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school等。 He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 She wasn't at home last nig

6、ht. 她昨晚上在家。 Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四點完成工作了嗎？ b表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。 I got up very early at that time. 我那時總是起得很早。 Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 瑪麗上中學(xué)時總是起得很晚，從來都沒有足夠時間吃早飯。 3一般將來時肯定式 否定式 疑問式 I (We) shall

7、/ will go there I (We ) shall / will not go thereShall I (we) go there? You (He, She, They) will go there You (He, She, They) will not go there Will you (he, she, they) go there? a表示將要發(fā)生的動作行為或存在的狀態(tài)。 常及表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。 I'll go and see her next Friday.

8、我下周五去看她。 He won't go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那兒去。 Will you do it again? 你再做一遍好嗎？ b沒有時間狀語，根據(jù)上下文判斷其謂語動作是將要發(fā)生的。 I don't know who will do it. 我不知道誰將做這件事。 Don't worry, he will be there on time. 別著急，他會準時在那兒。 c表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。 From now on I'll get up early every morning. 從今以后，我每天早晨早起。注意：

9、 1）be going to這個結(jié)構(gòu)表示：a即將發(fā)生的動作；b主語打算或準備要做的事；c說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象判斷即將發(fā)生的事。be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be隨著句子中主語的人稱而變化。 例如： We are going to learn English. 我們將學(xué)習英語。 How are you going to spend your holidays? 你們打算怎樣度過假期？ Look at these black clouds. I think it's going to rain. 看這些黑云，我想天要下雨了。 2）在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，一般將來時要用一般現(xiàn)在時代

10、替。 He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空時會來看你的。 They will ring you up as soon as they get back. 他們一回來就打電話給你。 4現(xiàn)在進行時 表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，常及時間狀語now, this week, these days 等連用?？隙ň?主語+be（is/am/are）+現(xiàn)在分詞 否定句：主語+be（is/am/are）+not+現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問句:be（is/am/are）+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+相應(yīng)be動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+Sth? 變化規(guī)

11、則1. 直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2. 去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例：biting，leaving,making,coming,writing. ） 注意：如果單詞結(jié)尾的e發(fā)音，則不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing . 3.以ie結(jié)尾變ie為y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying）4. 對于重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫末尾字母再加ing. 例如：sitting, beginning,getting,putting, running, stopping cutting, controlling 肯定式

12、 否定式 疑問式 I am working now. I am not working now. Am I working now? You are working now. He (She) is working now. We (You, They) are working now. You are not working now. He (She) is not working now. We (You, They) are not working now. Are you working now? Is (he, she) working now? Are you (we, they)

13、 working now? a表示說話時謂語的動作正在進行。 Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰？ He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我們現(xiàn)在正在幫助他 。 b在現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，但不一定說話時動作正在進行。 The students are working on the farm there days. 這些天學(xué)生們正在農(nóng)場勞動。 c有些動詞的進行時態(tài)還可用來表示將來時。這類動詞有g(shù)o, come, leave, arrive, move, die等。 He is coming soon. 他不久就要來了.Mary

14、is arriving here at 4 o/clock this afternoon. 瑪麗今天下午四點到達這里。 注意： 1）表示狀態(tài)或感覺的動詞，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等，一般沒有進行時態(tài)，因為它們不能表示正在進行的動作。但是，如果詞義發(fā)生變化，能表示一個正在進行的動作，也可使用進行時態(tài)。 Stop, I am thinking. 停下來，我正在想問題呢。 2）無法延續(xù)動作的動詞，如：jump, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于進行時態(tài)。但是，若想表示動作反復(fù)或即將發(fā)生，也可使用進行時態(tài)。 He is ju

15、mping up and down. 他一下一下地跳個不停。 5.過去進行時表示過去某個時刻或過去一段時間正在進行的動作。常及表示過去的時間狀語如：then at that time, once, a moment ago等連用，或者用另一動作表示過去的時間。 I was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. 我昨晚七點在家寫信。 He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening. 當我昨晚回家的時候他正在看電視一般疑問句及答語：Was/Were+主語(You/he/s

16、he/they/we)+doing+其它Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四點你們在打籃球嗎?特殊疑問句=特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+ done 肯定句：主語+have/has+ done+賓語. 否定句：主語+have/has+ not+ done+賓語. 一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+done+賓語. 肯定回答：Yes,主語

17、+have/has. 否定回答：No,主語+haven't/hasn't . 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+done+其他） 用法：1.常及for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用.for+時段 為時間 since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從以來） since+時段+ago since+從句（過去時） It is+時段+since+從句（過去時） 標志詞：already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑問）, just, before, recently,ever,never,.times(次數(shù)).u 瞬間性動詞可表示某一動作的完成

18、但是當后面有表示一段時間的狀語時 要變成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞u 瞬間性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞：buy- hadborrowkeptleave-be awaystop-be overdie- be deadarrive- be in/atleave- be away （from)begin/start -be oncome/go-be in/atfinish/end-beoverfall asleep - be asleepcome/go/become- beput on- be ongoout- be outgetmarried- be marriedjoin- be in/a member ofco

19、me to work - workbegin to study - studyu have (has) been to 及have (has) gone to have (has) been to +某地，表示到過某地，說明去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回來了。 have (has) gone to +某地，說明去某地了，說話時還沒有回來。 7. 過去完成時：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+ done肯定句：主語+had+ done否定句：主語+had+not+ done一般疑問句：Had+主語+ done? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+had. 否定回答：No,主語+had not . 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一

20、般疑問句（Had+主語+done）？ 被動語態(tài)：主語+had（hadn't)+been+ done用法：A 由時間狀語來判定。(1) by + 過去的時間點。I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. (2) by the end of + 過去的時間點We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3) before + 過去的時間點。They had planted six hundred trees

21、 before last Wednesday. B. 由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。(1) 賓語從句中,當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句She said that she had seen the film before. (2) 狀語從句中,在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。After he closed the door, he left the cla