外文翻譯模版

1、畢業(yè)論文（設計）外 文 翻 譯題目：輸送機系統(tǒng)系部名稱：機械工程系專業(yè)班級：機自 102 學生姓名：白歷男學號：201006024202指導教師：楊麗娜教師職稱：教授2014 年3 月28 日中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯1 譯文：輸送機系統(tǒng)輸送機時使用的材料必須在特定位置之間相對大量貼路徑。固定路徑由一個跟蹤系統(tǒng)實現 , 這可能是in-the-floor,above-the-floor,或開銷。輸送機分為兩個基本類別:(1)powered和(2)no-powered 。在驅動輸送機 , 權力機制包含在固定的路徑, 使用鏈、腰帶、旋轉卷 , 或其他設備驅動加載路徑。驅動輸送機常用的自動化物料運

2、輸系統(tǒng)在制造工廠, 倉庫, 配送中心。在 non-powered 輸送機 , 材料是由人類工人搬手動推動沿固定路徑加載或重力在海拔較低的海拔高度。輸送機的類型各種輸送商用設備。在下面的文章中, 我們描述了驅動輸送機的主要類型, 根據組織類型的機械功率提供了固定的路徑。輥和溜冰輪輸送機。這些輸送帶卷或車輪上加載。負載必須具備足夠的平底表面區(qū)域跨幾個相鄰的滾軸。托盤、手提包鍋, 或紙箱很好地服務于這個目的。這個類別中的兩個主要入口輥道輸送機和溜冰輪輸送機。輥道輸送機的途徑由一系列管(滾筒) 垂直的方向旅行。 輥是包含在一個固定的框架,提升上述通路地板水平從幾英寸到幾英尺。平面托盤或手提包鍋攜帶單位

3、負載輥旋轉前進。 輥道輸送機可以驅動或non-powered。 動力滾筒輸送機驅動皮帶或鏈條。 non-powered輥道輸送機通常由重力比路徑有一個向下的斜坡足以克服滾動摩擦。輥道輸送機用于各種各樣的應用程序 , 包括生產、組裝、包裝、分類和分布。 skate-wheel輸送機在操作輥道輸送機是相似的。而不是輥, 它們使用滑板車輪轉動軸連接到框架上 , 托盤或手提包鍋或其他容器沿路徑。這為滑板輪輸送機提供了一個更輕的重量比輥子輸送機建設。 應用 skate-wheel 輸送機是輥道輸送機的類似, 除了交往以來的負載通常必須輕負荷和輸送機必須更加集中。因為他們的重量輕 , 溜冰輪輸送機有時被構

4、建為便攜式設備 , 可用于裝卸卡車拖車運輸和接收碼頭工廠和倉庫。帶式輸送機帶式輸送機由一個連續(xù)循環(huán): 一半的長度是用于交付材料, 而另一半是返回運行。帶是由鋼筋彈性體 (橡膠), 因此, 它具有高靈活性 , 但低可擴展性。 一端的皮帶輸送機是一種主動輥 , 權力。靈活的帶是由一個框架, 輥或支持滑塊沿正向循環(huán)。帶式輸送機在兩種常見形式 :(1) 平帶托盤 , 個人部分 , 甚至某些類型的散裝材料; 和(2) 槽腰帶對于散裝材料。 材料放置在皮帶表面沿著路徑移動。在帶式輸送機槽的情況下, 輥和支持提供中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯2 靈活的帶一個 v 字形向前 (交付) 循環(huán)包含散裝材料 , 如

5、煤炭、礫石、糧食、或類似的顆粒材料。輸送機驅動鏈和電纜。本集團是由輸送機驅動鏈形成一個無盡的循環(huán)或有線電視。在某些情況下 , 循環(huán)形成一條直線 , 在每一端有一個滑輪。這通常是在一個自動配置。在其它輸送機 , 循環(huán)有一個更復雜的路徑, 有超過兩個滑輪需要定義路徑的形狀。我們將討論 以 下 這類 輸 送 機 :(1)鏈式 輸 送機 ,(2) 板 條 輸 送機 ,(3)鏈板 輸送 機 ,(4)開銷 電車,(5)power-and-free可觸。鏈式輸送機由鏈循環(huán)自動配置在驅動鏈輪的兩端途徑。一個或多個鏈并行操作可用于輸送機。 鏈沿著通道提供支持靈活的地板鏈部分。鏈條滑動沿著通道或他們騎輥通道。負載

6、通常沿著路徑使用酒吧拖這個項目從移動鏈。板條輸送機起訴個人平臺 , 稱為板條 , 連接到一個不斷移動鏈。 盡管驅動機構驅動鏈 ,它的運作就像一個帶式輸送機。加載放在板條和運輸。直線流是常見的板條式輸送機系統(tǒng)。然而 , 由于鏈傳動和能力改變使用鏈輪鏈方向, 連續(xù)循環(huán)的輸送途徑可以轉。鏈板輸送機的另一個變種是in-floor拖鏈輸送機。 這些輸送機利用四輪馬車由移動鏈或電纜位于戰(zhàn)壕在地板上。 鏈或電纜拖鏈 ; 因此, 輸送機的名稱 , 路徑定義的輸送機系統(tǒng)溝和電纜 , 電纜是驅動滑輪系統(tǒng)驅動。 驅動路徑之間切換是可能的在拖鏈系統(tǒng)中實現路由的靈活性。 車使用鋼銷項目低于地板水平到海溝與拖鏈。(夾持設

7、備代替針電纜使用時滑輪系統(tǒng) , 類似于舊金山電車。 )可以退出了鏈銷 ( 或夾釋放電纜 ) 脫離購物車加載 , 卸載, 切換、積累的部分 , 并手動推著購物車主要途徑。拖鏈輸送機系統(tǒng)是用于制造工廠和倉庫。前面的所有連和電纜驅動輸送機運行在地板水平或略高于地板。鏈傳動的輸送機也可以用來操作開銷，懸掛在天花板上的設施，以免消耗地板空間。最常見的類型是開銷電車輸送機。這些都可以像power-and-free恒速（同步）或（異步）系統(tǒng)。電車在物料搬運是一種輪式運輸的高架鐵路上運行負載小車輸送機可以暫停。一個開銷, 包含多個手推車 , 通常沿著一個固定的等距的軌道。手推車連接在一起 , 沿著軌道通過形成

8、一個完整的循環(huán)鏈或電纜。暫停手推車鉤子, 籃子, 或其他容器加載。鏈 ( 或電纜 )附加到驅動輪 , 供應能轉移鏈以恒定速度。輸送路徑是由軌道系統(tǒng)的配置, 將高程和可能的變化。開銷電車輸送機經常使用在工廠之間移動部件和總成主要生產部門。它們可以用于交付和存儲。 power-and-free開銷小車輸送機類似于小車輸送機開銷, 除了手推車能夠斷開傳動鏈, 提供這種輸送機與異步功能。 這通常是通過使用兩個 , 一個略高于另一個 , 上道包含不中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯3 斷移動的循環(huán)鏈 , 并攜帶負載的手推車騎低軌道。每個車都包含一個機制, 它可以連接到傳動鏈并斷開連接。連接時, 電車是拉動其

9、軌道的運動鏈上道。當斷開連接時, 電車是空閑的。其他驅動輸送機輸送機類型。包括carton track、螺絲、 vibration-based系統(tǒng)和垂直提升輸送機。 cart-on-track輸送機由個人車乘坐軌道上面幾英尺地板水平。車通過一個旋轉的軸驅動 , 驅動輪 , 在車的底部 , 設置在一個角度旋轉管 , 依靠它 , 向前驅動車。 車速度控制通過調節(jié)驅動輪之間的接觸角和旋轉管。當驅動輪的軸 45, 馬車向前推動。 當驅動輪的軸平行管 , 車不動。因此, 控制驅動輪角的車允許power-and-free操作輸送機的優(yōu)點之一。cart-on-track系統(tǒng)相對于其他許多輸送機是車可以與高精

10、度定位。這使得他們在生產過程中使用定位工作。 cart-on-track的應用系統(tǒng)包括機器人點焊在汽車車身工廠和機械裝配系統(tǒng)。螺旋輸送機是基于阿基米德螺旋,water-raising設備設計在遠古時代 ( 公元前 236年左右 ), 組成的一個大型螺桿氣缸內, 用手轉向泵水麥垛灌溉目的。vibration-based輸送機使用平面跟蹤連接到一個電磁鐵, 給予一個角振動運動來推動項目的跟蹤所需的方向。這同樣的原則用于振動碗喂交付組件自動裝配系統(tǒng), 垂直提升輸送機包括各種機械電梯設計提供垂直運動 , 如層間連接大廳輸送機輸送機與開銷。其他的輸送機類型包括非動力降落傘、坡道、管子和由重力驅動的。輸送

11、機的操作和功能我們前面的討論表明 , 輸送機設備涵蓋了各種各樣的操作和功能。讓我們限制我們的討論來驅動輸送機 , 排除非驅動類型。 輸送機系統(tǒng)分為兩種基本類型的材料特性的運動系統(tǒng)所感動:(1) 持續(xù)的和 (2) 異步。連續(xù)動作傳送帶勻速移動沿著路徑v。它們包括腰帶、輥、skate-wheel,開銷電車 , 板條式輸送機。異步式輸送機操作 , 走走停停的運動負荷 , 通常包含在運營商 ( 如鉤、籃子、車), 之間移動站 , 然后停止并保持在車站, 直到釋放。異步處理允許獨立運動中的每個載波系統(tǒng)。這種類型的例子包括開銷power-and-free電車,in-floor拖鏈, 和 cart-on-t

12、rack輸送機。一些輥和skate-wheel輸送機也可以使用異步式輸送機異步操作。原因包括:(1) 積累,(2) 臨時存儲 ,(3) 允許生產率差異相鄰加工領域,(4) 順利生產周期變化時站在輸送機,和(5), 以適應不同的輸送速度的途徑。輸送機也可以分為 :(1) 單一方向 ,(2) 連續(xù)循環(huán) , 和(3) 循環(huán)。在下面的文章中 , 我們描中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯4 述這些類別的操作特性 ,10.6.3節(jié)我們提出方程和技術來分析這些輸送機輸送機系統(tǒng)。單一的方向是用來運輸裝載一個方法從起始點到目標點。這些系統(tǒng)適當的時候不需要加載在兩個方向上移動或返回容器或航空公司卸貨站回裝車站。單方向

13、驅動輸送機包括壓路機、溜冰輪、皮帶, 和 chain-in-floor類型。另外, 所有重力式輸送機操作在一個方向上。連續(xù)循環(huán)輸送機組成一個完整的電路。一個開銷小車輸送機這種輸送機類型的一個例子。然而, 任何輸送機類型可以配置為一個循環(huán), 甚至那些先前定義為單方向輸送機, 只需連接幾個單一方向輸送部分閉環(huán)。循環(huán)系統(tǒng)減緩材料沿著路徑移動任意兩個站點之間。連續(xù)循環(huán)輸送機使用加載時搬到運營商( 如鉤, 籃子 )加載和卸載站和運營商之間的粘貼到輸送機循環(huán)。在這個設計中, 返回的空航空公司會自動卸載站回負載站。前面描述的連續(xù)循環(huán)輸送機假設項目加載在負載站在卸載站卸下。沒有返回循環(huán)加載, 返回循環(huán)的目的只

14、是為重載發(fā)回空載體。這種操作方法忽視了一個重要機會提供的閉環(huán)式輸送機 : 存儲以及交付部分。輸送機系統(tǒng), 允許部分繼續(xù)返回循環(huán)為一個或多個革命稱為循環(huán)輸送機。 提供一個存儲功能 , 輸送機系統(tǒng)可以用來積累部分消除影響裝卸站在輸送機變化。有兩個問題 , 瘟疫的操作循環(huán)輸送系統(tǒng)。 一個是在輸送機的操作可能會有多次,沒有空航空公司立即在裝載站。 另一個問題是 , 沒有航空公司立即在加載卸載站在需要的時候?？梢詷嫿ǚ种Ш秃喜Ⅻc到傳送帶上跟蹤允許不同的工藝路線對不同加載系統(tǒng)中移動。在幾乎所有輸送機系統(tǒng) , 可以構建開關 , 航天飛機 , 或其他機制來實現這些替代工藝路線。在一些系統(tǒng)中 , 一個推拉機制或

15、lift-and-carry設備需要積極行動從當前路徑加載到新途徑。本文摘譯自中華文本庫中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯5 原文：conveyor systemsconveyors are used when material must be moved in relatively large quantities between specific locations over affixed path. the fixed path is implemented by a track system, which may be in-the-floor, above-the-floor, or

16、overhead. conveyors divide into two basic categories: (1) powered and (2) no-powered. in powered conveyors, the power mechanism is contained in the fixed path, using chains, belts, rotating rolls, or other devices to propel loads along the path. powered conveyors are commonly used in automated mater

17、ial transport systems in manufacturing plants, warehouses, and distribution centers. in non-powered conveyors, materials are moved either manually by human workerswho push the loads along the fixed path or by gravity from one elevation to a lowerelevation. types of conveyors a variety of conveyor eq

18、uipment is commercially available. in the following paragraphs, we describe the major types of powered conveyors, organized according to the type of mechanical power provided in the fixed path. roller and skate wheel conveyors. these conveyors have rolls or wheels on which the loads ride. loads must

19、 possess a flat bottom surface of sufficient area to span several adjacent rollers. pallets, tote pans, or cartons serve this purpose well. the two main entries in this category are roller conveyors and skate wheel conveyors, pictured infigure 10.6. in roller conveyors, the pathway consists of a ser

20、ies of tubes (rollers) that are perpendicular to the direction of travel. the rollers are contained in a fixed frame that elevates the pathway above floor level from several inches to several feet. flat pallets or tote pans carrying unit loads are moved forward as the rollers rotate. roller conveyor

21、s can either be powered or non-powered. powered roller conveyor are driven be belts or chains. non-powered roller conveyors are often driven by gravity so than the pathway has a downward slope sufficient to overcome rolling friction. roller conveyors are usedin a wide variety of applications, includ

22、ing manufacturing, assembly, packaging, sortation and distribution. skate-wheel conveyors are similar in operation to roller conveyors. instead of rollers, they use skate wheels rotating on shafts connected to a frame to roll pallets or tote中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯6 pans or other containers along the pathway

23、. this provides the skate wheel conveyor with a lighter weight construction than the roller conveyor. applications of skate-wheel conveyors are similar to those of roller conveyors, except that the loads must generally be lighter since the contacts between the loads and the conveyor are must more co

24、ncentrated. because of their light weight, skate wheel conveyors are sometimes built as portable equipment that can be used for loading and unloading truck trailers at shipping and receiving docks at factories and warehouses. belt conveyors. belt conveyors consist of a continuous loop: half its leng

25、th is used for delivering materials, and the other half is the return run. the belt is made of reinforced elastomer (rubber), so that it possesses high flexibility but low extensibility. atone end of the conveyor is a drive roll that powers the belt. the flexible belt is supported by a frame that ha

26、s rollers or support sliders along its forward loop. belt conveyors are available in two common forms: (1) flat belts for pallets, individual parts, or even certain types of bulk materials; and (2) trough of belts for bulk materials. materials placed on the belt surface travel along the moving pathw

27、ay. in the case of trough ofbelt conveyors, the rollers and supports give the flexible belt a v-shape on the forward (delivery) loop to contain bulk materials such as coal, gravel, grain, or similar particulate materials. conveyors driven by chains and cables. the conveyors in this group are driven

28、by a powered chain or cable that forms an endless loop. in some cases, the loop forms a straight line, with a pulley at each end. this is usually in an over-and-under configuration. in other conveyors, the loop has a more-complex path, with more than two pulleys needed to define the shape of the pat

29、h. we discuss the following conveyors in this category: (1) chain, (2) slat, (3) in floor towline, (4) overhead trolley, and (5)power-and-free over-head trolley. chain conveyors consist of chain loops in an over-and-under configuration around powered sprockets at the ends of the pathway. one or more

30、 chains operating in parallel may be used to form the conveyor. the chains travel along channels in the floor thatprovide support for the flexible chain sections. either the chains slide along the channel or they ride on rollers in the channel. the loads are generally dragged along the pathway using

31、 bars that project up from the moving chain. the slat conveyor sues individual platforms, called slats, connected to a continuously moving chain. although the drive mechanism is a powered chain, it operates much like a belt conveyor. loads are placed on the slats and are transported along with them.

32、中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯7 straight line flows are common in slat conveyors systems. however, because of the chain drive and the capability to alter the chain direction using sprockets, the conveyor pathway can have turns in its continuous loop. another variation of the chain conveyor is the in-floor towline

33、conveyor. these conveyors make use of four-wheel carts powered by moving chains or cables located in trenches in the floor, as in figure 10.8. the chain or cable is called a towline; hence, the name of the conveyor. pathways for the conveyor system are defined by the trench and cable, and the cable

34、is driven as a powered pulley system. switching between powered pathways is possible in a towline system to achieve flexibility in routing. the carts use steel pins that project below floor level into the trench to engage the chain for towing. (gripper devices are substituted for pins when cable is

35、used as the pulley system, similar to the san francisco trolley.) the pin can be pulled out of the chain (or the gripper releases the cable ) to disengage the cart for loading, unloading, switching, accumulation of parts, and manually pushing a cart the main pathway. towline conveyors systems are us

36、ed in manufacturing plants and warehouses. all of the preceding chain and cable drive conveyors operate at floor level or slightly above. chain-driven conveyors can also be designed to operate overhead, suspended from the ceiling of the facility so as not to consume floor space. the most commontypes

37、 are overhead trolley conveyors. these are available either as constant speed (synchronous) or as power-and-free (asynchronous) systems. a trolley in material handling is a wheeled carriage running on an overhead rail from which loads can be suspended. an overhead trolley conveyor, figure 10.9, cons

38、istsof multiple trolleys, usually equally spaced along a fixed track. the trolleys are connected together and moved along the track by means of a chain or cable that forms a complete loop. suspended from the trolleys are hooks, baskets, or other receptacles to carry loads. the chain (or cable) is at

39、tached to a drive wheel that supplies power to move the chain at a constant velocity. the conveyor path is determined by the configuration of the track system, which has turns and possible changes in elevation. overhead trolley conveyors are often used in factories to move parts and assemblies betwe

40、en majorproduction departments. they can be used for both delivery and storage. a power-and-free overhead trolley conveyor is similar to the overhead trolley conveyor, except that the trolleys are capable of being disconnected from the drive chain, providing this conveyor with an asynchronous capabi

41、lity. this is usually accomplished byusing two tracks, one just above the other. the upper track contains the continuously 中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯8 moving endless chain, and the trolleys that carry loads ride on the lower track. each trolley includes a mechanism by which it can be connected to the drive cha

42、in and disconnected from it. when connected, the trolley is pulled along its track by the moving chain in the upper track. when disconnected, the trolley is idle. other conveyor types. other powered conveyors include cart-on-track, screw, vibration-based systems, and vertical lift conveyors. cart-on

43、-track conveyors consist of individual carts riding on a track a few feet above floor level. the carts are driven by means of a rotating shaft. a drive wheel, attached to the bottom of the cart and set at anangle to the rotating tube, rests against it and drives the cart forward. the cart speedis co

44、ntrolled by regulating the angle of contact between the drive wheel and the spinning tube. when the axis of the drive wheel is 45 , the cart is propelled forward. whenthe axis of the drive wheel is parallel to the tube, the cart does not move. thus, control of the drive wheel angle on the cart allow

45、s power-and-free operation of the conveyor. one of the advantages of cart-on-track systems relative to many other conveyors is that the carts can be positioned with high accuracy. this permits their use for positioning work during production. applications of cart-on-track systems include robotic spo

46、t welding lines in automobile body plants and mechanical assembly systems. screw conveyors are based on the archimedes screw, the water-raising device devised in ancient times (circa 236 b.c.), consisting of a large screw inside a cylinder, turned by hand to pump water up-hill for irrigation purpose

47、s. vibration-based conveyors use a flat track connected to an electromagnet that imparts an angular vibratory motion to the track to propel items in the desired direction. this same principle is used in vibratory bowl feeders to deliver components in automated assembly systems . vertical lift convey

48、ors include a variety of mechanical elevators designed to provide vertical motion,such as between floors or to link floor-based conveyors with overhead conveyors. other conveyor types include non powered chutes, ramps, and tubes, which are driven by gravity. conveyor operations and features as indic

49、ated by our preceding discussion, conveyor equipment covers a wide variety of operations and features. let us restrict our discussion here to powered conveyors, excluding non powered types. conveyor systems divide into two basic types in terms of the characteristic motion of the materials moved by t

50、he system: (1) continuous and (2) asynchronous. continuous motion conveyors move at a constant velocity v along the path. they include belt, roller, skate-wheel, overhead trolley, and slat conveyors. 中原工學院信息商務學院外文翻譯9 asynchronous conveyors operate with a stop-and-go motion in which loads, usuallycon

51、tained in carriers (e.g., hooks, baskets, carts), move between stations and then stopand remain at the station until released. asynchronous handling allows independent movement of each carrier in the system. examples of this type include overhead power-and-free trolley, in-floor towline, and cart-on

52、-track conveyors. some roller and skate-wheelconveyors can also be operated asynchronously. reasons for using asynchronous conveyors include: (1) to accumulate loads, (2) temporary storage, (3) to allow for differences in production rates between adjacent processing areas, (4)to smooth production wh

53、en cycle times vary at stations along the conveyor, and (5) to accommodate different conveyor speeds along the pathway. conveyors can also be classified as: (1) single direction, (2) continuous loop, and (3) recirculating. in the following paragraphs, we describe the operating features of these cate

54、gories. in section 10.6.3, we present equations and techniques with which to analyze these conveyor systems. single direction conveyors are used to transport loads one way from origination point to destination point. these systems are appropriate when there is no need to move loads in both direction

55、s or to return containers or carriers fromthe unloading stations back to the loading stations. single direction powered conveyorsinclude roller, skate wheel, belt, and chain-in-floor types. in addition, all gravity conveyors operate in one direction. continuous loop conveyors form a complete circuit. an overhead trolley conveyor is an example of this conveyor type. however, any conveyor type can be configured asa loop, even those previously defined as single direction conveyors, simply by connecting several single direction conveyor sections into a closed loop. a continuous loop system s