英語(yǔ)祈使句講解及練習(xí)(共4頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上祈使句精講及練習(xí)一、祈使句（Imperative Sentence） 定義：用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令，因此在學(xué)校文法中也常稱為命令句。 祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z(yǔ)）是第二人稱，所以通常都省略。祈使句的動(dòng)詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，句末則使用句號(hào)來(lái)表示結(jié)束。例：go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。;命令） Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.） （請(qǐng)安靜。;請(qǐng)求） Be kind to our sister. （對(duì)姊妹要和善。;勸告） Watch your steps. （走

2、路小心。;警告） Look out！Danger！ （小心！危險(xiǎn)！;強(qiáng)烈警告，已如感嘆句） Keep off the grass. （勿踐草坪。;禁止） No parking. （禁止停車。;禁止） 祈使句也常把主語(yǔ)You表達(dá)出來(lái)，使對(duì)方聽(tīng)起來(lái)覺(jué)得柔和些，例如：You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯你去告訴他。）二、相關(guān)口令 祈使句無(wú)主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)you常省去;動(dòng)詞原形謂語(yǔ)當(dāng),句首加don't否定變;朗讀應(yīng)當(dāng)用降調(diào),句末常標(biāo)感嘆號(hào)。三、表現(xiàn)形式 肯定結(jié)構(gòu): 1. Do型(即:動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語(yǔ))+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 請(qǐng)這

3、邊坐。 有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動(dòng)詞可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 請(qǐng) 這邊走。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一個(gè)好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 賓語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 讓我來(lái)幫你。否定結(jié)構(gòu):1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't構(gòu)成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘記我! Don't be late for school! 上學(xué)不要遲到! 2. L

4、et型的否定式有兩種:“Don't + let + 賓語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分;和Let + 賓語(yǔ) + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分 。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。3. 有些可用no開(kāi)頭,用來(lái)表示禁止性的祈使句。 如:No smoking! 禁止吸煙! No fishing! 禁止釣魚(yú)!練習(xí)：將下列漢語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 請(qǐng)照看好您的包。 _.2. 讓我們?nèi)W(xué)校吧! _!3. 親愛(ài)的,高興點(diǎn)兒! _!4. 不要把書(shū)放這兒。 _.5. 不要讓貓進(jìn)來(lái)。 _.1. Please look afte

5、r your bag2. Let's go to school 3. Be glad, dear4. Don't put the book here 5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come inlet帶頭的祈使句由let;帶頭的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是個(gè)常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞句型，它的主要用法有下列三種： 1.表示“建議”這個(gè)句型里的let后頭緊跟著一個(gè)第一人稱的代詞賓語(yǔ)，如： (1) Let me try. (2) Let's do it.

6、(3) Let me go and look for it. 這個(gè)句型語(yǔ)氣委婉，比直接的祈使句客氣。試比較(4)a和(4)b: (4) a. Don't disturb him. b. Let's not disturb him. (a)是直接命令，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，不如(b)溫柔悅耳。 2.表示間接命令或愿望。這句型里的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱名詞或代詞，如： (5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. (6) Let her join our choir. 3.表示警告蔑視威脅等。 這種祈使句里的賓語(yǔ)也是第三人稱為主。除

7、了口氣兇悍之外，有時(shí)還語(yǔ)帶諷刺，如：(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. （8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.用let的祈使句時(shí)，必須注意下列幾點(diǎn)：一、let的否定句有二。如果賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱用Don't let.（見(jiàn)例(9)）；如果賓語(yǔ)是第一人稱，則用Let.not（見(jiàn)例(10)）：(9) Don't let this type of things happen

8、again. (10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain. 二、Let只適用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (the passive voice)，如： (11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 三、Let;后頭除了是不帶to的不定式動(dòng)詞 (The infinitive withoutto)之外，還可以是某些適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~，如out,

9、in, down, alone等： (13) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (14) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (15) Let me alone, please. 四、用Let's時(shí)，把談話者的對(duì)象包括在內(nèi)；用Let us時(shí)，并不包括對(duì)方，如： (16) Let's try it, shall we? (17) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 從(18)里的shall we和(18)里的will you，不難知道前者包

10、括聽(tīng)話人，后者并沒(méi)有。英語(yǔ)祈使句練習(xí)題( P3 T; B: O) T0 n6 T' c; M" y,I. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。5 h0 J5 a4 z' D2 / D% P9 o7 M# j1. Its an important重要的 meeting會(huì)議. _ (not, be )late.4 E7 e# x$ ' Q0 M; h% V2. _ (not,make) any noise噪音! Your mother is sleeping.% R$ * r$ D! H. V' W, j8 E6 p" c/ w4 L3. _ (no

11、t, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite禮貌的.' ?  # l( * ; C& V4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud大聲的.( T+ S! ( p% G( n2 y5. _ (not,leave遺留) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.( k" p5 c  m: h; s% Y, y6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.- E& v' Y,

12、L8 ?3 T7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country國(guó)家 will be like." H9 P7 i) R9 U/ 7 J8. _ (not, let) the baby cry哭.0 V6 H# M/ A$ U" 4   _9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold感冒.3 ' : h0 z, q) h# d10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about關(guān)于 it." h0 u+ - |7 m

13、* s  WII. 選擇填空, M, + V; , y0 T. # _9 & X/ e) e2 P0 F1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard辛苦”+ 8 s' 7 i  k% $ _$ m0 K% P3 b/ O5 f" Q  D0 p, JA Stop' W0 A* b9 V. ' g2 | 4 ZB Dont8 C; g2 F% _* U C Cant1 F0 ?5 Z: A7 H' l: x" 6 VD No; K5 Y% U+ v#

14、w0 j/ U6 E2. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock/ 。， e%A 。F+ p. 8 y  V* Y yesw1 P0 A is sure) H2 k' j% O. U0 T1 h' z2 oB is sure that 7 C0 r/ b9 w6 y( l: IC will be sure6 q+ r* Z9 l" w8 U5 e! g"   D be sure: H# M* X0 ?4 , 4 r, E& - G2 r0 D) w, F) b4 f3._ when yo

15、u cross the road馬路.3 s! Z0 a( S9 g0 o2 y# s+ |3 Y6 P. P: & # d: m6 e) i( A Do care 9 e1 W2 O0 I9 Y' : m5 K2 yB Care ( K" _9 Y, h7 p+ T. + E; sC Be careful 0 |" X1 U7 m3 q7 x2 X" mD To be careful8 j9 Y8 p2 s5 & r8 $ m: U) p* b: c) K$ - s& V9 X4. _him the secret, will yo

16、u?8 m- d2 g0 J1 A9 4 A Dont tell( a; C6 H; & v9 n8 f$ r; F5 B Not to tell4 U9 + e5 j1 o6 N C Not telling( g( g5 x( C  & g) K( j! D No telling  H  O# |& f* * C1 f8 J) ! & b5 P7 i$ W6 7 x5. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes.- t' m  h0 # x7 q$ o

17、7 " s) . V5 o; p% B9 v. q, s7 _! DA Not to read * I( G" s- v' b9 M7 q" E( JB Dont read2 F+ W6 h& Y  q3 W, ! xC Dont to read & r: & p: c. T) z; D Not read. H# N  Q6 w8 A6 Q1 r/ M+ k3 W8 ?6 q' 0 e( o5 G6. _ Your child. Well look after him. &#

18、160;B0 I; d- I  l; W9 Y- d  y3 % lA Not to worry about3 i5 v% $ z1 z! & 0 B Dont worry about( E3 J! M; " jC Not worry for * K  V7 4 t/ nD Dont worry with6 d: ?8 r/ r* I' J4 8 G& e# O* S7 y1 * m) i) _% U7.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest?% P*  

19、; O$ s2 8 L9 V; tA not they* c  R' |/ J1 t B do not they - J- k- x: S4 Z3 L: N' C dont they( C% l3 X- F% ?%D not to8 |; b* |" U# C8 b: m3 8 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest?6 c0 # V! K% j- 4 W/ ?: h" i2 - All right.4 e8 L: ( H% b5 i' E/A Why not

20、! j  P/ y/ & E/ d1 s2 EB How about怎么樣% 5 G1 s& W3 z0 I# E$ kC Why not to- Y3 t1 _6 r7 QD why dont3 B% |' C. j1 f* ) 2 9 _ tell a lie.& 6 I3 m) z6 j:A Hardly! q( E5 I( Z% I& E8 s7 d. KB Not# p6 k# w+ o. KC No ( ?/ H, K6 Q& _5 T4 w' b9 SD Never絕不 9 Z' O; )10.P

21、lease _ look outside外面. Look at the blackboard黑板.9 D/ n0 u- t3 S# U1 m) w0 G* U' i( _1 9 c8 QA not/ E: ?* X, Q0 C, E+ fB dont 4 + o+ i- X( D9 ?C arent   v6 : f  F7 O/ TD cant8 R: ; / Z* w: Z. q9 j2 J8 & W- a, U11. Why dont you join us in the game?（同義句）  K$ w4 _2

22、 H! ! Y# p5 x7 o% l; i6 i: N$ q% xA What not . . q6 z$ D! L1 OB Why not; r  P"   d5 N4 L/ 3 I& M ) pC Why to   c. d2 z3 + G& U1 lD How to1 N: y" E% 0 Y. F# U; e$ l" ?9 K5 o' f5 E6 w& l12 _ go for the book alone, Mrs Zhang.- ! t' s  c6 u7 J9 K& 2 C- j2 xA Lets( P" D7 P1 K6 d8 C' f7 A B Let me" R, W! L; T) 6 d4 b3 $ v$ E& SC Letus * R* D"