2022年英語三大從句知識總結(jié)

1、名師總結(jié)優(yōu)秀知識點英語三大從句主語從句用作主語，如：that the earth is round is true. 地球為圓的是真實的。賓語從句用作賓語。如：do you know where he lives? 表語從句用作表語，如：my opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意見是你不應(yīng)單獨前往。同位語從句用于解釋說明前面的名詞。如：the fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圓的的事實是真實的。（that 從句用于解釋說明the fact）定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：th

2、e student who answered the question was john. 回答問題的學(xué)生是john. 狀語從句相當(dāng)于一個副詞，如：when it rains, i usually go to school by bus. 天下雨時，我通常坐公共汽車上學(xué)。（時間狀語）if he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天來，你就可以看見他。（ if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句， 其結(jié)構(gòu)為： if + 狀語從句， 主句）。要注意在狀語從句中有一個規(guī)則是“ 主將從現(xiàn) ” ，即主句是將來時，則從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。主句和從句的劃分方法是相同的。句子的

3、成分從謂語動詞處來劃分比較容易。謂語動詞前面的部分是主語，后面常接賓語，修飾謂語動詞的是狀語，修飾主語、賓語的是定語，若謂語是系動詞，則系動詞后的部分是表語。如：i am a teacher. 其中， i 是主語， am 是謂語， a teacher 是表語。he likes playing football very mucy. 其中， he是主語， likes 是謂語， playing football 是賓語，very much 是狀語。名詞性從句名詞性從句有四類：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。例如：賓語從句： i don t know where he will go. 主

4、語從句： where he will go is unknown. 表語從句： the problem is how we can get so much money. 同位語從句： we all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game. 下面幾點是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的：1 whether 和 if 都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句表達(dá)“ 是否 ” 意， （即引導(dǎo)賓語從句時if 和 whether 可以互換）但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether（不用 if）引導(dǎo)：（1） 引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在句首時。例：whether he has won

5、the tennis is not known.( 但it is not known whether/if he has won the tennis). （2） 引導(dǎo)表語從句時。例the problem is whether he can get a job. （3） 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時。例：i have no idea whether he will come. （4） 介詞后的whether 從句。例： i worry about whether i hurt her feelings. 2 位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句的that 不可忘。例如： that he got the first pla

6、ce in the competition surprised all of us. 3 在“ it is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/that 從句 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)中， that 從句謂語有時用（should）do 這樣的虛擬語氣形式。例如： it is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us. it is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all ones life. 精品學(xué)

7、習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -名師總結(jié)優(yōu)秀知識點it is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings （缺點） . 4 在“ the reason why is that”句式中 that 不要誤為because. 例如： the reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 5 名詞從句中that,what 用法比較：引

8、導(dǎo)名詞從句的that 是連詞，在句中無成份，無意義，而what 是連接代詞，whatthe thing(s) that. 例如： it was told in yesterdays newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory. i know that he will study. i know what he will study. that he works hard at his lessons is known to us all. what he works hard at is known

9、to us all. all i ask is that you should tell the truth./he is not what(the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。6 where 在名詞從句中的使用特點：where 在名詞從句中有時可以變?yōu)椤皌he place where ”,有時可以變?yōu)?“ 介詞 the place where ” 形式。例如：主從： where(the place where)she has gone is still unknown. 賓從： would you please tell me where( the

10、 place where) mr smith lives? 表從： your dictionary remains where( in/at the place where)you put. 同位從： have you any idea where(of the place where) she is spending her holidays? 7 無論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語序。例如：i know where he lives./please tell me what her name is. 當(dāng)一個特殊疑問句本身就是陳述語序（即“ 主謂（賓）” 或“ 主系表 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)） ，將其變?yōu)殚g接引

11、語（即賓語從句）時，無需改變語序。例如：what s the matter with him? she asked me what was the matter with him. who looks after your grandfather? he asked me who looked after my grandfather. 形容詞性從句定語從句一、定語從句與引導(dǎo)詞定語從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞，有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。懂得什么樣的先行詞后用什么樣的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)好定語從句的關(guān)鍵。1 關(guān)系代詞有：that,whi

12、ch,who,whom,whose, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語，whose 作定語。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：the man who helped you is mr white.(who代人，在定語從句中作主語) that is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略) i m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定從中作表語) a diction

13、ary is a useful book which( that) tells us the meaning of words(which 或 that 代物，在定從中作主語) 2 關(guān)系副詞有：when(指時間 )，where(指地點 ),why( 指原因 )，在定語從句中作狀語。例如： would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when 可省略 ) 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -名師總結(jié)優(yōu)秀知識點the house w

14、here they live is not very large./this is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 注意：不是表時間的先行詞都用when 引導(dǎo)定從， 不是表地點的先行詞都用where 引導(dǎo)定從。例如： we ll visit the factory which( that) makes radios. (which 或 that 在定從中作主語，where 不可用主語，故不可用) they still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in beidaihe

15、. (which 或 that 在定從中作spent 的賓語， when 不可作賓語，故不可用) 二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開，修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞詞組或代詞；非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開，可以修飾主句中的某一個詞，也可修飾整個句子。非限制性定語從句不能用that 引導(dǎo)， 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。非限制性定語從句例：li ping s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./he tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(

16、which 指代主句內(nèi)容， 因前后兩句是因果關(guān)系，此時 which 不可換為 as。) he is good at physics, as is known to us all. as is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as 指代主句內(nèi)容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe這類結(jié)構(gòu)中as 不可換為which) 三、只用 that 引導(dǎo)和不用that 引導(dǎo)的場合1 只用 that 引導(dǎo)和不用that 引導(dǎo)的場合1） 當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時：he talked about the men

17、 and the books that attracted him. 2） 指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no 等修飾時： these are the very points that interest me./thats the only watch that i like most. 3） 指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時：the first step that we are to take is very difficult./this is the second card that he gave me. 4） 先行詞是指物的不定代詞a

18、ll, little , few , much,及 everything , anything , nothing等時：there is still much that can be done about it./have you got everything that you need? 5） 先行詞是 who 時： who that have seen him does not like him? 2 不用 that 的場合如下：1）非限制性定語從句中l(wèi)ast night ,i saw a very good film ,which was about the long march . 2

19、）介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時this is the man from whom i learnt the news 3）句中出現(xiàn)了that，或先行詞是that 時 i have found that which i was looking for. 副詞性從句狀語從句時間狀語從句：when susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma. 蘇珊每次進程，總要去看望她奶奶。地點狀語從句：i will go where i am needed. 哪里需要我，我就到哪里去。方式狀語從句：i have changed it as you suggest. 我已

20、經(jīng)按照你的建議作了改變。原因狀語從句：mary didn t go shopping because i advised her not to.瑪麗沒有去購物，因為我勸她不要去。精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -名師總結(jié)優(yōu)秀知識點目的狀語從句：they worked hard in order that they might succeed. 他們努力工作，以便能夠獲得成功。結(jié)果狀語從句：waste must be treated so that it does not become

21、 a danger to life. 廢物必須進行處理，這樣它才不會成為危害生命的東西。條件狀語從句：if he works hard, he will surely succeed. 如果努力工作，他肯定會成功。讓步狀語從句：though we are all different, we need never be separate. 比較狀語從句：i was happier than i had ever been in my life. 這是我一生中最快樂的時光。時間狀語從句：(1) 時間狀語從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：after, as, before, once, since, till,

22、until, when, whenever, while, as soon as ) lets wait till the rain stops. 咱們等到雨停再說吧。once the train is moving, theres no way to stop it. 火車一旦開動就沒辦法讓它停下來。they were scolded whenever they were late for school. 每次他們上學(xué)遲到都挨罵。（2）有一些表示時間的名詞短語也可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句：the minute, the moment, every time, the first time ）th

23、e moment he reached the country, he started his search. 他一到達(dá)這個國家，就開始他的探尋工作。every time i saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour i made years before. 每當(dāng)我看到那頂草帽，它就使我想起幾年前的那次旅游。i thought her nice and honest the first time i met her 。我第一次見到她就覺得她誠實而友善。（3）有一些表示時間的副詞也可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句：directly the master c

24、ame in, everyone was quiet. 校長一進來，大家就安靜下來。the young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 那位年輕女士一聽到響聲就沖進房間。（4）as的用法1）某事一發(fā)生，另一事立即發(fā)生as the sun rose the frog dispersed. 太陽一出來霧就消散。they strolled into the garden as the music ceased. 音樂聲一停，他們就走進花園。2）在某事發(fā)生的過程中另一事發(fā)生i heard the murmur of

25、their voices as i crossed the hall. 我走過大廳的時候聽到他們在嘀咕什么。（兩個動作都是一般時態(tài)）just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 正當(dāng)他在說話的時候，一聲巨響。（從句用進行時態(tài)）3）兩個動作同時發(fā)生he smiled as he passed. 他路過的時候笑了一下。（兩個都是短暫動作）as she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks. 她一邊唱歌，眼淚一邊從臉頰淌下。精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

26、 第 4 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -名師總結(jié)優(yōu)秀知識點helen heard the story as she washed. 海倫一邊洗衣服一邊聽故事。he saw that she was smiling as she read. 他看到她一邊看著書一邊笑。（兩個都是延續(xù)性動作）we get wiser as we get older. 我們隨著年齡的增長而變得聰明起來。（隨著時間的變化而變化）（5）when 的用法：1）以 when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，既可用短暫性動作也可用延續(xù)性動作。i bought the car when i received my fi

27、rst salary. （短暫性動作）我是在領(lǐng)第一筆薪水的時候買的車。dont get excited when you talk. （延續(xù)性動作）說話的時候不要激動。2)when 容易與時間狀語從句混淆的例子(請注意：此項中when 引導(dǎo)的都不是時間狀語從句。 ) she had just finished dressing when her guests came in. 她剛剛穿戴完畢，這時她的客人進來了。(這里的 when 不是從屬連詞， 而是并列連詞。 所以它引導(dǎo)的是并列句。像這類問題有以下主要特征 ) when 后面的分句動詞必須是瞬間動詞，用于表示突然性：we were abou

28、t to start when it began to rain. 正當(dāng)我們要出發(fā)的時候，突然下雨了。3）.when 前面的分句是過去進行時：he was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑著，突然門開了，他的妻子走了進來。4）.when 前面的分句含有be about to, be on the point of: he was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要出發(fā)的時候，突然有人敲門。5）.when 前面的分句采用過

29、去完成時或是過去完成進行時：we had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang. 我們剛剛?cè)胨?，突然電話鈴聲響了。the plane had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. 飛機播種了近一個月，這時天才下雨。(6)while 的用法（以 while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，只能用延續(xù)性動作。）they arrived while i was sunbathing. 當(dāng)我正在進行日光浴時，他們來了。while the discussion was still g

30、oing on, mr. zhang came in. 當(dāng)討論還在進行的時候，張先生進來了。原因狀語從句because, as, since, 用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。for 雖然也是表示原因，但是它不是從屬連詞，而是并列連詞。(1) because 表示最強的因果關(guān)系，表達(dá)聽話者未知的原因，because引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在后面，表示強調(diào)時也可放在前面。because引導(dǎo)的從句可以用來回答why 引起的特殊疑問句。he got the job because he was the best candidate. 他得到那份工作，因為他是最佳人選?！?why can t i go?”“ becau

31、se you are too young.”為什么我不能去？因為你年紀(jì)太小。（2）as 所表示的原因通常是聽話者已經(jīng)知道的。因而它不是句子的中心。不能用來回答why 引起的特殊疑問句。as all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于所有的座位都滿了，他只好站著。perhaps she ll need some help, especially as she s been ill.她可能需要幫助， 尤其是因為她一直有病。（3）since 所表示的原因通常也是聽話者已經(jīng)知道的。同樣 since 也不能用來回答why 引起精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -名師總結(jié)優(yōu)秀知識點的特殊疑問句。since you are going, i will go too. 既然你要去，我也去吧。（4）for 從語法分析的角度來說，它不是引導(dǎo)狀語從句，而是構(gòu)成一個并列句。for 通常用于書面語，它通常不表示因果關(guān)系，