情態(tài)動詞表推測用法總結(jié)及專項練習

1、學習必備歡迎下載情態(tài)動詞表估計用法總結(jié)及專項練習1. can / could用于表估計的用法(1) 從使用句型上看， can 通常只用于否定句或疑問句，一般不用于確定句，而 could 可用于確定句、否定句和疑問句；兩者沒有時間上的差別，只是 could 比 can 更委婉，更不確定；如：it can t couldn t be那tr不ue可.能是真的；what can could they be doing.他們會在干什么呢 .we could go there this summer.今年夏天我們可能要去那兒；注：can有時也用于確定句中表示估計，主要用于表示理論上的可能性 即從理論上看是

2、可能的，但實際未必會發(fā)生，或表示 “有時 ”之意；如：even experienced teachers can make mistakes.即使是有體會的老師也可能出錯；she can be very unpleasant.她有時很令人厭惡；(2) 從時間關(guān)系看，對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬樾巫鞴烙?，后接動詞原形； 對正在進行的情形作估計，后接bedoing結(jié)構(gòu)；對過去情形作估計，后接動詞完成式；如：he could have gone home.他可能已經(jīng)回家了；he can t couldn t have understo他od不.可能懂得了；學習必備歡迎下載why does he know this

3、. can could someone have told him about it.他怎么知道 .會是哪個人告知他了嗎 .(3) “ coul完d+成式 ”除表示對過去的估計外，仍有以下重要用法： 表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性，常譯為“原來可以 ”；如：i could have lent you the money why didn t you ask me.我原來可以借這筆錢給你的；你為什么不向我提出. 用來委婉地批判某人過去應(yīng)當做某事而沒有去做，常譯為“原來應(yīng)當 ”；如：you could have helped him.你原來應(yīng)當幫忙他的； 表示“差點兒就要 ”；如：i could hav

4、e died laughing.我差點兒笑死了；2. may / might用于表估計的用法表示估計，兩者都可用，只是might比 may語氣更不確定，表示的可能性更小；(1) 在句型使用方面：兩者均可用于確定句和否定句，但用于疑 問句時， may 通常不用于句首，但可用于疑問句的句中（如特別疑問句等），而 might 盡管可以用于疑問句的句首，但不算一般，通常會改用其他句式（如用could 等）；如：he may might know the answer.他可能知道答案；學習必備歡迎下載he may might not believe you.他可能不會信任你；and who may mi

5、ght she be.那么她會是哪一位呢？(2) 從時間關(guān)系看，對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬樾巫鞴烙?，后接動詞原形； 對正在進行的情形作估計，后接bedoing結(jié)構(gòu)；對過去情形作估計，后接動詞完成式；如：he may might tell his wife.他或許會告知他妻子；he may might be writing a letter.他可能在寫信；she may might have read it in the papers.她可能在報上已讀到過此事；(3) “ migh完t+ 成式 ”除表示對過去的估計外，仍有以下重要用法： 表示過去某事可能發(fā)生而實際上卻并沒發(fā)生；如：it was really

6、 very dangerous. i might have killed myself.那真的是太危急了，我差點沒命了；a lot of men died who might have been saved很多人原來可以獲救的卻死了； 表示委婉的批判或批判；如：youmighthavemadegreaterprogress.你的進步原來可更大一些的；學習必備歡迎下載you might at least have answered my letter.你至少可以回我一封信嘛；3. must表示估計的用法must表示很有把握的估計，其意為“肯定會 ”肯“定會 ”，只用于確定句，一般不用于否定句或疑

7、問句；表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那樾巫魍茰y，后接動詞原形；表示對過去情形的估計，接動詞完成式；如：i must be the happiest woman on earth.我肯定是世界上最幸福的女人了；no, he must be lying.不，他肯定在撒謊he must have mistaken my meaning.他肯定誤會了我的意思；4. should have done的用法should have done 只用于談?wù)撨^去情形，主要有兩個用法：一是用于估計過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情形 ，二是用于指本該發(fā)生而實際上未發(fā)生的情形；如：you should have told me so before

8、.你早就應(yīng)當告知我；he should have arrived by now.此時他本該到了；lookatthetime.weshouldhavebeenatthetheatreten minutes ago.瞧都什么時候了 .特別鐘前我們就該到戲院了；5. need have done的用法學習必備歡迎下載need have done結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于否定句或疑問句，一般不用于確定句；用于否定句時，表示原來不必做某事，但實際上卻做了；用于疑 問句時，用于詢問某一過去動作的必要性；如：you needn t have hurried. 你當時實在不必那么匆忙；she needn t have co

9、me in personaletter would have beenenough.她本不必親自來 寫封信來就足夠了；need you have paid so much.你當時真必要付那么多錢嗎.needtheyhavesoldthefarm.他們那時非得把農(nóng)場賣掉不行嗎.歷屆 nmet中表估計的情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞是中學英語學習中的一個重點和難點，也是高考的重點考察內(nèi)容之一 ；其中表示估計用法的情態(tài)動詞在近幾年的高考中更是屢見不鮮；現(xiàn)結(jié)合近幾年的高考題目，對表估計的情態(tài)動詞的用法作一歸納，期望對各位考生會有所幫忙：【考例】 1.naturally,afteri toldher what

10、todo, mydaughter go and do the opposite.a. may b. can c. must d. should2003年一般高等學校春季招生統(tǒng)一招生考試英語試題（安徽卷）【分析】can,may,must都可用來表示 ”估計 ”，但側(cè)重點各有不同：學習必備歡迎下載may 常用來指 ”事實上的可能性 ”，而 can就表示一種 ”理論上的可能性”例如：the railways may be improved.=it is possible that the railways will be improved.=perhaps/maybe/possibly the ra

11、ilways will be improved.鐵路可能會得到改進；（意味著已有詳細的改進方案或方案；）the railways can be improved.=it is possible for the railways to be improved.鐵路可以得到改進；（意思是鐵路仍不完善，尚有問題存在；）理論上的可能性 can 比事實上的可能性 may 更弱；在一般的陳述句， can與 sometimes幾乎相同，表示一種偶然的可能性；比如：evenexpertdriverscanmakemistakes.甚至是很嫻熟的駕駛員也可能會犯錯；=even expert drivers so

12、metimes make mistakes.=it is possible for the expert drivers to make mistakes.因此，假如講的是一種特別情形，不是一般情形，就用may, 試比較：mr reed looks pale.he may be ill.mr reed is in poor health.he can be ill at any time.must指規(guī)律必定 ,作“想必”、“準是”、“肯定 ”解，用來表示我們對某事有把握的推論或揣測 ；（考慮到跡象如此 ，再無別的結(jié)論 =it seemscertain that）.:學習必備歡迎下載they m

13、ust be very tired now, for they have been working the whole morning.他們現(xiàn)在肯定是特別累了，由于他們整個上午都在工作；析：填c.must ；意思是 ”不出所料，當我告知女兒要做的事時，她準會去做相反的事； ”【考例】 1、mary be in paris.i saw her in town only a few minutes ago.nmet1994a.mustnt b.shouldnt c.cantd.may not2、.-is john coming by train. nmet 2002 tianjing -he sh

14、ould,but he not.he likes driving his car.a must b.can c.need d.may【分析】 may用于否定時， not不是否定 may ，而是否定句中的動詞，這一點與 can不同，試比較：hemaynotknowthetruth.他可能不知道事情的真相；（=itis possible that he didn t know the truth）.he cannot know the truth.他不行能知道事情的真相；must表示估計的這種用法通常用在確定句中，在疑問句中常用can 可能 ，在否定句中常用can t不可能，不會是 ，而不用mus

15、tnt；例如：- somebody is knocking at the door. who can it be . it must be wang hong.-no,it canbte wanghong,becauseshe leftforshanghai學習必備歡迎下載this morning.- 有人在敲門；會是誰呢？肯定是王紅；- 不，不會是王紅，由于她今日早晨就動身去上海了；因而 you must be joking.在意義上相當于you cant be serious.析：1、填 c；意思是 ”瑪麗不行能在巴黎；幾分鐘前我仍觀察她在鎮(zhèn)上；2、填 d；意思是 ”-約翰會坐火車來嗎？

16、-應(yīng)當會，但他可能不會；他喜愛開車； ”【考例】 1.-iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslast winter. nmet 2002beijing -it true because there was little snow there.a.may not be b.won't be c.couldn't bed.mustn't be【分析】 could,might表示過去的可能性；i thought it might be true.我本認為那是真的；he could be very unreasonable.他有時可能毫不講理；析

17、：填 c；它是對去年冬天所發(fā)生的事進行評判；【考例】 1.- are you coming to jeffs party. nmet 2000-i m not sure.i go to the concert instead.a. mustb.wouldc.shouldd.might 2.-look.the clouds are gathering.-yes.i'm afraid it be pouring down soon.a,can b,must c,should d,might【分析】 could和 might表示現(xiàn)在的情形時，更帶有不愿定性和慎學習必備歡迎下載重味道，構(gòu)成禮貌

18、或動聽說法，包含或許的意思：a:iwonderwheretomis.b:hemay/might/couldbeinthe library.perhaps he is in the library.因 此 在wonder,fear,beafraid等 后 接 的 從 句 中 , 通 常 用may/might/could,表達一種探詢的觀點：i was afraid you might be out of sorts.我怕你可能心情不爽快；假設(shè)性的可能和摸索性的可能，也用could和 might ：ourteammightstillwintherace.可 以 意 譯 為 ： itis possi

19、ble,though unlikely,that析： 1、2 均填 d.might【考例】 mr. bush is on time for everything. how itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony.a can b shouldcmayd must2001年上海一般高校春季招生考試試卷【分析】表示估計的 may 通常不用于一般疑問句 ，而要用 can代替；can 用于一般疑問句時，仍可表示驚奇或懷疑，意思是”（到底）可能有這樣的事嗎？ ”，比如：“ there is the doorbell.” who can it be at this ti

20、me of day. 有”人按門鈴； ”這個時候到底會是誰呢？”must也有時用于疑問句： musttherebesomegoodreasonfor thedelay.這個問句設(shè)想的是一個確定的回答，可以說明為” does there have to be some good reason.”學習必備歡迎下載may可用于特別疑問句或wh- 從句，意思是 ”（到底）是”、”不知是否”：i wonder what it may mean.我不知道這到底是什么意思；how old may his father be.他父親到底有多大年紀？ （比 how old is his father.委婉的說法

21、；）析：填 1、a.can. （布什先生做什么事都很按時；他怎么可能會在開幕式上遲到呢？）【考例】 1. sorry i'm late. i have turned off the alarmclock and gone back to sleep again. 2000年一般高等學校春季招生考試北京、安徽卷 a. mightb.shouldc.cand. will2. there werealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbutthey managed to take me as well.it a comfortable journey. nmet95a. can&

22、#39;tbeb.shouldn'tbec.mustn'thavebeen d.couldn't have been【分析】 “情態(tài)動詞 have + -ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示對已發(fā)生的事情進行估計 ,就表示的可能性程度而言 ，must最大，could其次，may 更次之， might最?。籱ust+ have+-ed 分詞:用于確定句 ,表示估計過去某事 “確定,肯定，準是 ”發(fā)生了；其否定形式為： cant / couldnt hav-eedv,表學習必備歡迎下載示過去不行能發(fā)生某事； maymight + have + -ed 分詞: 用于確定句和其他否定句 ,

23、表示對已發(fā)生事情的不愿定的估計 , 意為 “可能 , 大致”,其中 might 較 may 語氣更弱 , 把握更??；can/could 用于否定或疑問句中 ,表示對過去發(fā)生的大事的 “懷疑或不愿定 ”；could 比can 更表示說話人語氣的不愿定；例如：i mailed that letter a week ago. he must have received it.我一周前就發(fā)出了那封信 ,想必他肯定收到了；i can t find my keys. i may / might have left them at theschool yesterday.jackcan thavearriv

24、edyet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephoned me.（上海 1997 ）it couldn't have been mr. smith. he has gone to china.不太可能是史密斯先生；他已去了中國；另外，留意 may 不行用于疑問句，它的這種功能已為 can 所取代；例如 can they have missed the bus. 的答句是： yes,they may have done. 而不是 yes,they can have done. 這一點要留意；must有時也能用于否定句：hisabsencemustnothavebeen n

25、oticed.此句和 his absence can t have been noticed. 的意思是一樣的；很多評論者認為這類句子是不行能成立的，但它們正在為越我 來越多的人所接受和使用，在美國英語中特別如此；對正在發(fā)生的事情進行估計，就采納”情態(tài)動詞 +be+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中情態(tài)動詞的區(qū)分與上相同；學習必備歡迎下載析：答案 a、d；can通常不用于確定句表推測； ”should+have+ -ed分詞 ”表示 ”過去原來應(yīng)當做”，但實際上沒有做，意思是”本該.”，帶有批判口氣:iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.you shouldn thaveleftwitho

26、utaword. nmet2001；” will+have+ -ed 分詞 ”只是將來完成時的一種形式；【考例】 1.it'snearlyseveno'clock.jack behereatany moment. nmet95a. mustb.needc.shouldd.can【分析】 shouldought to表示很可能、預(yù)期的意思，指一種嘗試性推論，可認為是must的語氣較弱的對應(yīng)詞，意思是”應(yīng)當會、肯定；吧 ”；試比較：our guests must be home by now. i am certain我們的客人現(xiàn)在肯定到家了 ；（依據(jù)他們動身的時間 、路程遠近、速

27、度等詳細條件，我能確定 /確定他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到家了；）our guests shouldought to be homeby now. they probably are,but i m not certain我. 們的客人現(xiàn)在該到家了； （含義是我想他們很可能到家了，但我不能確定 ”）與 must 不同仍在于它經(jīng)常表示將來：-whencanafternoon.icomeforthephotos.ineedthemtomorrow-they bereadyby12:00.nmet1998a.canb.should學習必備歡迎下載c. might d.need表示不太可能可用shouldn tou

28、ghtnt to:thereshouldn toughtntotbeanydifficulties.不該有任何困難；析：填 c；意思是 ”將近七點了；杰克很可能隨時會到；”另外，在近幾年的 nmet中，對情態(tài)動詞及其它語法項目的考查均放到肯定的語境中進行 ，要求考生利用所學英語各項基礎(chǔ)學問進行初步的語言運用，而不再是單純的語法學問題和短語題；這類試題往往通過題干 的其他部分或附加句子供應(yīng)某個信息，然后讓考生依據(jù)這個信息進行合理推理，產(chǎn)生新的想法和熟識；因此，在做這類題時，除要熟識所 考查的語法規(guī)章外，仍要仔細分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，留意抓住關(guān)鍵詞，分析上下文的規(guī)律關(guān)系；不能單憑語法規(guī)章做題；鞏固練習1

29、. michael be apoliceman, for he's much too short.a. need'tb. can'tc. shouldd .may 2.johnny,you play with the knife. you hurt youself.a.won't,can'tb.mustn't,mayc.shouldn't,mustd.cant't,shouldn't 3.peter come with us tonight,but taken he isn't very sure yet.a.ca

30、n b.may c.will d.must4. put on more clothes.you be taken feeling cold with only a shirt on.學習必備歡迎下載a. must b.can c.could d.would5. it's nearly seven o'clock.jack be here at any moment. a.must b.need c.should d.can6.i didn't hear the phone.i asleep.a.must be b.must have been c.should be d

31、.should have been 7.jack yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.a.mustn'thave arrivedb.shouldn'thave arrivedc.can't have arrived d.need not have arrived8.-there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -it a comfortable journey.a.can't be b.shouldn&

32、#39;t be c.mustn't have been d.couldn't have been 9.he you more help,even though he was very busy.a.might have given b.might give c.may have given d.may give 10.yesterday jane waooked away from the discussion.otherwise,she something the would regret later.a.had said b.said c.might say d.migh

33、t have said 11.there was plenty of time.she .a.mustn't have hurried b.needn't have hurried c.should have writtenit out d.couldn't have hurried12.tom ought not to me your secret,but be meant no harm.a.have told b.tell c.be telling d.haven't told13.i told sally how to get there ,but pe

34、rhaps i for her.學習必備歡迎下載a.had to wirte it out b.must have written it out c.should have written it out d.ought to write it out14.if you had worked harder,you .a.wouldsucceed b.hadsucceeded c.shouldsucceed d.wouldhave succeeded15.-ifhe ,he thatfood.-luckilyhewsasenttothehospital immediately.a.was warn

35、ed;would not take b.had been warrned;had not taken c.would be warned;had not taken d.would have been warned;had not taken16.-istayed at a hotel whileinnew york.-oh,didyou.youwith barbara.a.could have stayed b.could stay c.would stay d.must have stayed 17.sorry i'm late.i have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again.a.might b.should c.can d.will18.-shallitelljohnaboutit.-noy