世界人權(quán)宣言(中英文對照)

1、世界人權(quán)宣言Universal Declaration of Human Rights1948年12月10日第217A(III)號決議通過 1948年12月10日, 聯(lián)合國大會采認(rèn)世界人權(quán)宣言, 請求它的會員國公布該宣言, 并 "在無政治的考量下, 在各級學(xué)校及教育機(jī)構(gòu)里, 傳播、張貼、研讀及解說其內(nèi)容。" On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the fu

2、ll text of which appears in the following pages. Following this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and "to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, witho

3、ut distinction based on the political status of countries or territories." 序言 PREAMBLE 鑒於對人類家庭所有成員的固有尊嚴(yán)及其平等的和不移的權(quán)利的承認(rèn), 乃是世界自由、正義及和平的基礎(chǔ), Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice an

4、d peace in the world, 鑒於對人權(quán)的忽視及侮蔑已發(fā)展為野蠻暴行, 這些暴行玷污了人類的良心, 而一個人人享有言論和信仰自由并免於恐懼和匱乏的世界的來臨, 已被宣布為普通人民的最高愿望, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of

5、 speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the commonpeople, 鑒於為使人類不致迫不得已鋌而走險, 對暴政和壓迫進(jìn)行反抗, 有必要使人權(quán)受法治的保護(hù), Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, tha

6、t human rights should be protected by the rule of law, 鑒於有必要促進(jìn)各國間友好關(guān)系的發(fā)展, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, 鑒於聯(lián)合國國家的人民已在聯(lián)合國憲章中重申他們對基本人權(quán)、人格尊嚴(yán)和價值以及男女平等權(quán)利的信心, 并決心促成較大自由中的社會進(jìn)步和生活水平的改善, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter r

7、eaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, 鑒於各會員國都已誓愿同聯(lián)合國合作, 以促進(jìn)對人權(quán)和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵行, Whereas Member States have pl

8、edged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, 鑒於對這些權(quán)利和自由的普遍了解, 對於這個誓愿的充分實(shí)現(xiàn), 有很大的重要性, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for t

9、he full realization of this pledge, 因此, 現(xiàn)在, Now, Therefore, 大會 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 宣告 proclaims 這一世界人權(quán)宣言, 作為所有人民和所有國家努力實(shí)現(xiàn)的共同標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 以期每一個人和社會機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)常銘念本宣言, 努力通過教誨和教育, 促進(jìn)對權(quán)利和自由的尊重, 并通過國家的和國際的漸進(jìn)措施, 使這些權(quán)利和自由在各會員國本身人民及在其管轄下領(lǐng)土的人民中, 得到普遍和有效的承認(rèn)和遵行。 THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard o

10、f achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to

11、 secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. 第一條 人人生而自由, 在尊嚴(yán)及權(quán)利上一律平等。他們賦有理性和良心, 并應(yīng)以兄弟關(guān)系的精神相對待。 Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rig

12、hts. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. 第二條 人人有資格享受本宣言所載的一切權(quán)利與自由, 不分種族、膚色、性別、語言、宗教、政治或其他見解、國籍或社會出身、財產(chǎn)、出生或其他身份等任何區(qū)別。 并且不得因一人所屬的國家或領(lǐng)土的政治的、行政的或者國際的地位之不同而有所區(qū)別, 無論該領(lǐng)土是獨(dú)立、托管領(lǐng)土、非自治領(lǐng)土或者處於其他任何主權(quán)受限的情況下。 Article 2. Everyone is entitled to

13、all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,

14、jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. 第三條 人人有權(quán)享受生命、自由與人身安全。 Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. 第四條 任何人不得使

15、為奴隸或奴役; 一怍形式的奴隸制度和奴隸現(xiàn)實(shí), 均應(yīng)予以禁止。 Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. 第五條 任何人不得加以酷刑, 或施以殘忍的、不人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罰。 Article 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

16、. 第六條 人人於任何地方有權(quán)被承認(rèn)在法律前的人格。 Article 6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. 第七條 法律之前人人平等, 并有權(quán)享受法律的平等保護(hù), 不受任何歧視。人人有權(quán)享受平等保護(hù), 以免受違反本宣言的任何歧視行為以及煽動這種歧視行為之害。 Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of th

17、e law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. 第八條 任何人當(dāng)憲法或法律所賦予他的基本權(quán)利遭受侵害時, 有權(quán)由合格的國家法庭對這種侵害行作有效的補(bǔ)救。 Article 8. Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals

18、 for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.第九條 任何人不得加以任何逮捕、拘禁或放逐。 Article 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. 第十條 人人完全平等地有權(quán)由一個獨(dú)立而無偏倚的法庭進(jìn)行公正的和公開的審訊, 以確定他的權(quán)利和義, 并判定對他提出的任何刑事指控。 Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality

19、 to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. 第十一條 (一)凡受刑事控告者, 在未經(jīng)獲得辯護(hù)上所需的一切保證的公開審判而依法證實(shí)有罪以前, 有權(quán)被視為無罪。 (二)任何人的任何行為或不行為, 在其發(fā)生時依國家法或國際法均不構(gòu)成刑事罪者, 不得被判為犯有刑事罪。刑罰不得重於犯罪時適用的法律規(guī)定。 Article 11.

20、 (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did n

21、ot constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. 第十二條 任何人的私生活、家庭、住宅或通訊不得任意干涉, 他的榮譽(yù)和名譽(yù)不得加以攻擊。人人有權(quán)享受法律保護(hù), 以免受這種干涉或攻擊。 Article 12. No

22、 one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. 第十三條 (一)人人在各國境內(nèi)有權(quán)自由遷徒及居住。 (二)人人有權(quán)離開任何國家, 包括其本國在內(nèi), 并有權(quán)返回他的國家。 Art

23、icle 13. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. 第十四條 (一)人人有權(quán)在其他國家尋求和享受庇護(hù)以避免迫害。 (二)在真正由於非政治性的罪行或違背聯(lián)合國的宗旨和原則的行為而被起的情況, 不得援用此權(quán)利。 Article 14. (1) E

24、veryone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 第十五條 (一)人人有權(quán)享有國籍。 (二)任何人的國籍不得任意

25、剝奪, 亦不得否認(rèn)其改變國籍的權(quán)利。 Article 15. (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. 第十六條 (一)成年男女, 不受種族、國籍或宗教的任何限制, 有權(quán)婚嫁和成立家庭。他們在婚姻方面, 在結(jié)婚期間和在解除婚約時, 應(yīng)有平等的權(quán)利。 (二)祗有經(jīng)男女雙方的自由的和完全的同意, 才能結(jié)婚。 (三)家庭是天然的和基本的社會

26、單元, 并應(yīng)受社會和國家的保護(hù)。 Article 16. (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. (2) Marriage shall be entered into only wi

27、th the free and full consent of the intending spouses. (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. 第十七條 (一)人人得有單獨(dú)的財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)以及同他人合有的所有權(quán)。 (二)任何人的財產(chǎn)不得任意剝奪。 Article 17. (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as

28、 in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.第十八條 人人有思想、良心與宗教自由的權(quán)利; 此項(xiàng)權(quán)利包括改變他的宗教或信仰的自由, 以及其單獨(dú)或團(tuán)體、公開或秘密地教義、實(shí)踐、禮拜及戒律表示他的宗教或信仰的自由。 Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religi

29、on or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. 第十九條 人人有權(quán)享有主張和發(fā)表意見的自由; 此項(xiàng)權(quán)利包括持有主張而不受干涉的自由, 和通過任何媒介和不論國界尋求、接受和傳播消息和思想的自由。 Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of op

30、inion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. 第二十條 (一)人人有權(quán)享有和平集會和結(jié)社的自由。 (二)任何人不得強(qiáng)迫隸屬於某一團(tuán)體。 Article 20. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful asse

31、mbly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. 第二十一條 (一)人人有直接或通過自由選擇的代表參與治理本國的權(quán)利。 (二)人人有平等機(jī)會參加本國公務(wù)的權(quán)利。 (三)人民的意志是政府權(quán)力的基礎(chǔ); 這一意志應(yīng)以定期和真正的選舉予以表現(xiàn), 而選舉應(yīng)依據(jù)普遍和平等的投票權(quán), 并以不記名投票或相當(dāng)?shù)淖杂赏镀背绦蜻M(jìn)行。 Article 21. (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, dir

32、ectly or through freely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal s

33、uffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. 第二十二條 每個人, 做為社會的一員, 有權(quán)享受社會保障, 并有權(quán)享受他的個人尊嚴(yán)和人格的自由發(fā)展所必需的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和文化方面, 各種權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn), 這種實(shí)現(xiàn)是通過國家努力和國際合作并依照各國的組織和資源情況。 Article 22. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, th

34、rough national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. 第二十三條 (一)人人有權(quán)工作, 自由選擇職業(yè), 享受公正和合適的工作條件并享受免於失業(yè)的保障。 (二)人人有同工同酬

35、的權(quán)利, 不受任何歧視。 (三)每一個工作的人, 有權(quán)享受公正和合適的報酬, 保證使他本人和家屬有一個符合人的尊嚴(yán)的生活條件, 必要時并輔以其他方式的社會保障。 (四)人人有為維護(hù)其利益而組織和參加工會的權(quán)利。 Article 23. (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone, without any discrimi

36、nation, has the right to equal pay for equal work. (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. (4) Everyone has the right to for

37、m and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. 第二十四條 人人有享受休息和閑暇的權(quán)利, 包括工作時間有合理限制和定期給薪休假的權(quán)利。 Article 24. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. 第二十五條 (一)人人有權(quán)享受為維持他本人和家屬的健康和福利所需的生活水準(zhǔn), 包括食物、衣著、住房、醫(yī)療和必要

38、的社會服務(wù); 在遭到失業(yè)、疾病、殘廢、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情況下, 喪失謀生能力時, 有權(quán)享受保障。 (二)母親和兒童有權(quán)享受特別照顧和協(xié)助。一切兒童, 無論婚生或非婚生, 都應(yīng)享受同樣的社會保護(hù)。 Article 25. (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary

39、 social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedloc

40、k, shall enjoy the same social protection. 第二十六條 (一)人人都有受教育的權(quán)利, 教育應(yīng)當(dāng)免費(fèi), 至少在初級和基本階段應(yīng)如此。初級教育應(yīng)屬義務(wù)性質(zhì)。技術(shù)與職業(yè)教育應(yīng)普遍設(shè)立。高等教育應(yīng)根據(jù)成績而對一切人平等開放。 (二)教育的目的在於充分發(fā)展人的個性并加強(qiáng)對人權(quán)和基本自由的尊重。教育應(yīng)謀促進(jìn)各國、各種族或各宗教集團(tuán)體間的了解, 容忍和友誼, 并應(yīng)促進(jìn)聯(lián)合國維護(hù)和平的各項(xiàng)活動。 (三)父母對其子女所應(yīng)受的教育的種類, 有優(yōu)先選擇的權(quán)利。 Article 26. (1) Everyone has the right to education. Educ

41、ation shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (2) Education shall be directed to t

42、he full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenan

43、ce of peace. (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. 第二十七條 (一)人人有權(quán)自由參加社會的文化生活, 享受藝術(shù), 并分享科學(xué)進(jìn)步及其產(chǎn)生的福利。 (二)人人對由於他所創(chuàng)作的任何科學(xué)、文學(xué)或美術(shù)作品而產(chǎn)生的精神和物質(zhì)的利益, 有享受保護(hù)的權(quán)利。 Article 27. (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) Everyone