很全的英語句子成分講解及句子類型

1、取得英語語法成功的基石取得英語語法成功的基石詞類詞類作作 用用例例 詞詞1. （n.）名名 詞詞表示人或事表示人或事物的名稱。物的名稱。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.）代詞代詞代替名詞、代替名詞、數(shù)詞等。數(shù)詞等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speach3. （adj.）形容詞形容詞表示人表示人或事物或事物的特征的特征或性狀。或性狀。He is small but he is clever. The red p

2、en is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.4. (num.）數(shù)詞數(shù)詞表示數(shù)表示數(shù)目或順目或順序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5. （v.）動動 詞詞表示動表示動作或狀作或狀態(tài)。態(tài)。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.6. （adv.）副副 詞詞表示動表示動作的特作的特征或性征或性狀特征。狀特征。I like Englis

3、h very much.The teacher treats us kindly .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.）介介 詞詞表示名表示名詞、代詞、代詞和其詞和其他詞之他詞之間的關間的關系。系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.8. （conj.）連詞連詞連接詞與詞連接詞與詞或句與句的或句與句的作用。作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance w

4、ell but I cant .9. (interj.）感嘆詞感嘆詞表示強烈的表示強烈的感情感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !10. （art.）冠詞冠詞用來限制名用來限制名詞的意義詞的意義I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.一、主語一、主語主語（主語（subject）：）：句子說明的人或事物。句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于主語一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bi

5、ke. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首 1. We love China. 2. She seems tired. 3. He can speak English 4. We have finished reading this book.二、謂語二、謂語謂語謂語:說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常由。通常由_ 充當充當.動詞常分為實義動詞動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動詞連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞情態(tài)動

6、詞和助動詞.動詞動詞實義動詞實義動詞連系動詞連系動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞助動詞（V.）情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞和和助動詞助動詞不能單獨充當謂語不能單獨充當謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.1）狀態(tài)狀態(tài)系動詞系動詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一詞）一詞 He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)持續(xù)系動詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或系動詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)

7、或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。他開會時總保持沉默。 系動詞系動詞3）表像表像系動詞，用來表示系動詞，用來表示看起來像看起來像這一概念，主要這一概念，主要有有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官感官系動詞，主要有系動詞，主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very sweet. 5）變化變化系動詞，

8、表示主語變成什么樣，主要有系動詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）終止終止系動詞，表示主語已終止動作，主要有系動詞，表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。這謠言證實有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。他的計劃終于成功了。謂語謂語（V.）實義動詞實義動詞連系動詞連系動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞助動詞三、賓語三、賓語賓語賓語：動作行為的對象，

9、說明主語做什么。一：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.雙賓語雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.及物動詞及物動詞介詞介詞表語表語：跟在：跟在連系動詞連系動詞后面的詞語或從句后面的詞語或從句,用用來說明主語的身份來說明主語的身份,特征特征,狀態(tài)狀態(tài).The trees turn green.The fl

10、owers are beautiful .My job is to teach you English.The question is how we can get there.四、表語四、表語定語：用來修飾限定定語：用來修飾限定_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an En

11、glish book.五、定語五、定語名詞名詞狀語狀語：修飾修飾動動詞、詞、形形容詞、容詞、副副詞或詞或全全句句，說明，說明時間、地點、方式、因果、時間、地點、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。等。 六、六、狀語狀語John often came to chat with me As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ag

12、o.Though he is young, he knows a lot.He came running. (程度程度 目的目的)（地點（地點 伴隨）伴隨） （地點（地點 時間）時間）（讓步）（讓步）（方式）（方式）(原因原因) 補語補語是用于補充說明是用于補充說明主語主語或或賓語賓語的身份或的身份或特征。特征。七、七、補語補語Everyone calls him Jack. （賓補）（賓補）He is called Jack.（主補）（主補） 同位語同位語是位于是位于名詞或或代詞后后面的個別名詞面的個別名詞或名詞詞組，對前者進行補充說明或名詞詞組，對前者進行補充說明 The Great Wa

13、ll, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、八、同位語同位語1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he n

14、eeds is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動名詞動名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式主語，作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語從句是真正的主語當當不定式、動名詞或從句不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結構前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，時，為保持句子結構前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用因此常用it作形式主語作形式主語置于置于句首句首，而將真正的，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時主語放

15、在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。身無詞義。什么情況下用什么情況下用it作形式主語？作形式主語？ 你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？譯下列句子嗎？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 說謊是錯誤的。說謊是錯誤的。爭吵是沒用的。爭吵是沒用的。誰要來還不確定。誰要來還不確定。1.She lived a happy life.( )

16、2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動名詞動名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語作形式賓語

17、，不定式是真正的賓語 He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )1. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞從句從句形容詞形容詞/副

18、詞副詞介詞短語介詞短語分詞分詞 Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( )1.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the ri

19、ver is my brother. ( )形容詞形容詞副詞副詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞所有格名詞名詞介詞短語介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( ) There are two things to be discussed today.（ ） Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）9.This is the very book that I need. （ ）過去分詞過去分詞不定式不定式動

20、名詞動名詞從句從句 He is often late for class.( ) We saw that picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ） Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副詞，程度副詞，程度介詞短語，地

21、點介詞短語，地點分詞，伴隨分詞，伴隨不定式，目的不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句結果狀語從句結果狀語從句 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ） He was angry because we were late( ）9. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 時間狀語從句時間狀語從句原因狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句條件狀語從句形容詞形容詞名詞名詞介詞短語介詞短語過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式

22、不定式簡單句簡單句 (simple sentence)只包含一個主謂結構只包含一個主謂結構They are playing baseball in the garden. Her brother and sisiter are both teachers.并列句并列句 (compound sentence)Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasnt intereted in it.Hurry up,or youll be late.由由and,b

23、ut,or,so這四個并列連詞連接，而這四個并列連詞連接，而“，”逗號是不能連接兩個簡單句的。逗號是不能連接兩個簡單句的。復合句復合句 (complex sentence)If he is all right tomorrow, he will come.I went to bed afer I finished my homework.連詞主句從句（狀語）主句連詞從句（狀語）簡單句的簡單句的五種基本句型五種基本句型 英語五種基本句型英語五種基本句型列式如下：列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一： （主謂）（主謂） 基本句型二：基本句型二： （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： （主謂

24、賓）（主謂賓） 基本句型四：基本句型四： （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五：基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補）基本句型一主謂（S+V）S + V She cooks. He is working. What he said does not matter. The pen writes smoothly.基本句型一主謂SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.基本句型二主系表 S+V+P He is happy. Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.基本句型二主系表SVPHeishappy.Eve