級(jí)-U自然災(zāi)害

1、7級(jí)-U5 自然災(zāi)害tornados/tornadoes龍卷風(fēng)hurricanes颶風(fēng)avalanches雪崩earthquakes地震droughts干旱fires火災(zāi)volcanoes火山cyclone旋風(fēng)a blizzard 暴風(fēng)雪a tsunami海嘯Hurricanes、typhoons、cyclones 和 tornadoes伴隨大風(fēng)的強(qiáng)烈海洋風(fēng)暴根據(jù)其所在的海洋而有不同的名稱。Hurricane Bonnie hit the southeast coast of the US at speeds of over 90 miles per hour. 颶風(fēng)邦妮以超過 90 英里的時(shí)

2、速襲擊了美國東南沿海。A typhoon struck last night over the island of Mindanao in the Philippines, destroying many villages. 一場臺(tái)風(fēng)昨夜登陸菲律賓棉蘭老島，摧毀許多住宅。The weather system, off the coast of Chennai, has been upgraded to cyclone status. 金奈近海的這一天氣系統(tǒng)已升級(jí)為旋風(fēng)狀態(tài)。在陸地上四處移動(dòng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)狀垂直空氣柱被稱為 tornado。The tornado traveled more than 1

3、0 miles across the state of Texas, picking up cars and destroying buildings. 這場龍卷風(fēng)在德克薩斯州境內(nèi)時(shí)速超過 10 英里，卷起許多車輛，摧毀了許多建筑。復(fù)習(xí)：零條件句零條件句可用于給予指示、建議、警告或信息。注意，if 從句和結(jié)果從句均為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。If a tsunami occurs, move to higher ground right away. 如果發(fā)生海嘯，立即向高處轉(zhuǎn)移。Keep away from the shoreline if a tsunami is approaching land. 如果海

4、嘯逼近陸地，不要靠近海岸線。If there is a flood, do not go to a basement. 如果發(fā)生洪水，不要進(jìn)入地下室。Keep away from the shorelineMove to higher groundBe prepared to evacuateListen for more informationTurn off your radioGo to a basementGo to the beachWatch the wavesThis is a message from the Emergency Services. Please listen

5、to the following announcement. An earthquake has just occurred in the Pacific Ocean. A tsunami alert is in effect. If a tsunami occurs , move to higher ground right away. Be prepared to evacuate the area. Remember that if a tsunami is approaching land, keep away from the shoreline. Don't go to t

6、he beach to see the waves. You will not be able to escape. If there is a flood , do not go to a basement. Please keep your radio turned on. We will keep you updated. Thank you.tornado watch龍卷風(fēng)預(yù)警updated更新tornado warning龍卷風(fēng)警告residents居民What the hell is going on?到底出了什么事？Take cover in a basement.躲到地下室去。

7、Residents are advised to remain calm.居民被告知要保持冷靜。mattress床墊The tornado watch has been upgraded to a tornado warning. 龍卷風(fēng)預(yù)警已升級(jí)為龍卷風(fēng)警告。理解警告務(wù)必理解 watch 和 warning 之間的差別。對于某些自然災(zāi)害，watch 指某事也許即將發(fā)生，你應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備好采取行動(dòng)。但是，warning 則表示某事確定會(huì)發(fā)生或已在發(fā)生，你需要立即采取行動(dòng)。There's a tornado watch. We need to be ready, just in case. 有

8、龍卷風(fēng)預(yù)警。我們需要做好準(zhǔn)備，以防萬一。There's a tornado warning. Take cover in the basement! Hurry! 有龍卷風(fēng)警告。躲到地下室去！快點(diǎn)！當(dāng)某一狀況變得更加嚴(yán)重時(shí)，則使用 upgraded。當(dāng)其嚴(yán)重性降低時(shí)，使用 downgraded。注意警告中頻繁使用被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)。The storm system was upgraded to a cyclone at 5 o'clock this morning. 該風(fēng)暴系統(tǒng)于今晨 5 時(shí)升級(jí)為旋風(fēng)。This just in: The hurricane warning has be

9、en downgraded to a hurricane watch. 最新消息：颶風(fēng)警告已降為颶風(fēng)預(yù)警。專家會(huì)告訴你的一件事情是：Don't panic. Try to remain calm. 不要驚慌。盡量保持冷靜。a fire truck救火車emergency services緊急服務(wù)a paramedic護(hù)理人員the coast guard海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)He was flown by helicopter to the hospital.Some disasters are so bad that the military is called in.She was saved

10、 by a rescue worker.Seven fire trucks were called to the scene.The coast guard rescued them from the ocean.He was taken by ambulance to the hospital.復(fù)習(xí)：敘事時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)你按一定順序陳述過去的事件時(shí)，記得使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。一般過去時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)描述已完成的事件。There was a big earthquake off the coast. 近海發(fā)生了一場大地震。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來提供背景細(xì)節(jié)，如當(dāng)某事發(fā)生時(shí)出現(xiàn)了什么情況。People were

11、swimming in the water when the tsunami hit. 海嘯襲來時(shí)，人們正在水里游泳。過去完成時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)來為多個(gè)過去的事件確定順序。We had been told to get out of the water before the wave came, but some people hadn't listened. 海浪到來前，我們被告知要離開海水，但一些人沒有聽到。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)相似，用于添加背景細(xì)節(jié)。Before the disaster, people had been enjoying themselve

12、s on the beach. 災(zāi)難發(fā)生前，人們一直在海灘上嬉戲。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為了使故事感受更加直接，你可以使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來講述，即使事情發(fā)生在過去。The big wave hits the beach with incredible force. I am absolutely terrified.英語口語的特征在課程的這一環(huán)節(jié)，你將觀察一位親身經(jīng)歷過自然災(zāi)害的人。當(dāng) Kevin 談?wù)撍强植赖慕?jīng)歷時(shí)，注意英語口語的以下特征：在句子開頭使用 andKevin 在句子開頭頻繁使用詞語 and。And then nobody even talked about it. 然后甚至沒有人談?wù)撍?。猶豫

13、當(dāng)他正在思考接下來要說的內(nèi)容時(shí)，他出現(xiàn)猶豫，并發(fā)出 uh 聲。I was living in Japan in a little city called, uh, Odawara. 我居住在日本的一個(gè)小城市叫做，呃，小田原城。強(qiáng)調(diào)在非正式的交談中，說話者通常用單詞 really 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。為了進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，Kevin 使用了該單詞兩次。All of a sudden it got really, really quiet. 突然，它變得真的，真的很安靜了。怎么Kevin 有時(shí)使用 how come 來代替 why。How come everybody isn't even talking

14、 about this? 怎么大家甚至沒有再談?wù)撈疬@個(gè)呢？用感官詞匯增強(qiáng)興趣說話者有時(shí)使用多個(gè)詞語，幫助聆聽者體會(huì)某個(gè)故事的聲音和場面。例如，Kevin 使用了動(dòng)詞 squeaking 和 creaking 來描述聲音。You could hear this squeaking or creaking. 您可以聽到這樣的尖叫聲和吱吱作響聲。It's got to be total destruction.一切都?xì)Я恕t was crazy.太瘋狂了。The tornado hit them head-on.這場龍卷風(fēng)正面襲擊了他們。head-onadj. 正面的；直接的；頭朝前的ad

15、v. 迎頭；頭朝前地；正面針對地表達(dá)震驚人們通過不同的方式表達(dá)震驚。I've never experienced anything like that before. 我從來沒有經(jīng)歷過那樣的事。I thought I was going to die! It was crazy! 我覺得自己快要死了！太瘋狂了！有時(shí)，震驚可通過提供與災(zāi)難有關(guān)的信息來表達(dá)。Two men went into the water and saved the boy. They were heroes! 兩名男子跳進(jìn)水里，救了那個(gè)小孩。他們是英雄！The whole building started shak

16、ing. Then all the windows shattered. 整棟建筑都開始搖晃起來。然后，所有的窗戶都碎了。shatter英 'æt 美 'æt vt. 粉碎；打碎；破壞；破掉；使散開Most of the buildings had collapsed. It was awful. 大多數(shù)建筑物都已倒塌。太恐怖了。The earthquake was 7.0 on the Richter scale! We're lucky to be alive! 這場地震達(dá)到了里氏 7.0 級(jí)！我們能活下來真是萬幸！There were inju

17、red people everywhere. That could've been me. 到處都是傷員。那本可能就是我。How big was the earthquake on the Richter scale?這場地震達(dá)到了里氏多少級(jí)？I wasn't hurt, but I still feel pretty shook up.我沒有受傷，但仍覺得驚慌失措。shake up 不安的forest fire森林火災(zāi)destroyed毀壞evacuated疏散hospitalized住院control控制spreading蔓延lost失去collecting donatio

18、ns募捐hospitalize英 'hspt()laz 美 'hspt'laz vt. 就醫(yī)；送進(jìn)醫(yī)院治療災(zāi)害動(dòng)詞用此類動(dòng)詞來描述災(zāi)難：The fire spread quickly through the forest. 大火在森林中迅速蔓延。The emergency services did everything they could. 緊急服務(wù)人員拼盡了全力。Firefighters eventually managed to control the fire. 消防隊(duì)員們最終成功控制住了火勢。Many people donated money to help

19、the survivors. 許多人捐錢幫助幸存者。用此類動(dòng)詞描述后果。注意被動(dòng)形式。Over 100 people were killed in the fire. 100 多人在火災(zāi)中喪生。Many people have been hospitalized. 許多人被送往醫(yī)院。Thousands of buildings were destroyed. 數(shù)百座建筑物被摧毀。(damage /in ruin/pick up)People have been evacuated from their homes. 人們從家中疏散出來。VerbNounVerbNounevacuateevacu

20、ationassistassistancedestroydestructionhospitalizehospitalcollectcollectiondonatedonationMany buildings were destroyed in the earthquake.許多建筑物在這場地震中被毀The firefighters now have control of the fire.消防隊(duì)員現(xiàn)已控制住火勢。Have control of out of controlPeople living on the coast were evacuated.海邊的居民被疏散。She was hos

21、pitalized with a broken leg. 她斷了一條腿，被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。復(fù)習(xí)：文章不定冠詞 a 和 an在非特定的單數(shù)名詞或位于此類名詞前的形容詞前使用 a 和 an。此類冠詞的含義為“一”。此外，在辨別某事物時(shí)使用 a 和 an。The victims are in a hospital.Did you feel that shaking? It was an earthquake!He was killed in an avalanche.It was an awful disaster.用不定冠詞與 there + be 搭配使用。There's been an e

22、arthquake.There was a tornado.定冠詞 the在特定的名詞或位于此類名詞前的形容詞前使用 the。用 the 表示獨(dú)特的地方和已命名的事物，如 the Red Cross。My home was destroyed in the flood last year.They were rescued by the Coast Guard.The injured victims were hospitalized.零冠詞不定復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞不使用冠詞。Firefighters came from many different counties.Airplanes were

23、 used to drop water on the fire.There was a large earthquake in Alaska. The earthquake measured 6.8 on the Richter scale. Luckily, all people in the area were evacuated before the earthquake occurred.表達(dá)同情Oh, no!哦，不！That's terrible.太糟糕了。Those poor people.這些可憐人。It makes me sad just to think about

24、it.僅僅想到它都讓我悲痛萬分。That's awful.太可怕了。That mustve been terrible.I can't imagine what it must be like.我無法想象會(huì)是什么樣子。I'm sorry to hear that.很抱歉聽到這些。請把詞條移至正確的間隔處。FRED: I heard about your trip to Guatemala. I'm so sorry .PEGGY: Thanks, Fred.FRED: I mean, who would expect a volcano on their vac

25、ation?PEGGY: Yeah. FRED: I can't imagine what it must have been like.PEGGY: Well, it was kind of like a dream. Before we were evacuated, I really thought I was going to die. Some people did die.FRED: That's awful . Those poor people .PEGGY: Yeah. It really was terrible . I'm very happy t

26、o be home, but it makes me sad to think about all the destruction and death in that town. I can't imagine what a tornado must be like.我無法想象龍卷風(fēng)會(huì)是什么樣子。復(fù)習(xí)：過去被動(dòng)語態(tài)用過去被動(dòng)語態(tài)來強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)動(dòng)作或事件，而非其主動(dòng)者。例如，在此句子中，強(qiáng)調(diào)更多的是建筑物，而不是火災(zāi)：Many buildings were destroyed in the fire. 許多建筑物在這場火災(zāi)中被毀。在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)者可完全省略。這常常發(fā)生在主動(dòng)者不重要

27、或未知時(shí)：I was evacuated (by the military). 我被（軍方）疏散了。The tornado warning was announced on the radio (by someone). 龍卷風(fēng)警告通過廣播（被某人）發(fā)布了。當(dāng)主動(dòng)者屬于常識(shí)或包含主動(dòng)者將陳述明顯的事實(shí)時(shí)，也會(huì)被省略：Thousands of people were killed (in the tsunami). 數(shù)千人（在海嘯中）喪生。The fire was eventually put out (by the firefighters). 這場火災(zāi)最終被（消防隊(duì)員）撲滅。Last yea

28、r I experienced my first hurricane. It was incredible. Hurricane warnings were announced for several days, so most people were ready, but I couldn't have imagined what would happen. The wind was blowing like crazy. The city was flooded . There was a lot of destruction. Then, all of a sudden, eve

29、rything was calm. We were in the eye of the hurricane. That's the center of the storm. The calm lasted for about 30 minutes, and then the wind and flooding started all over again. No one was killed in the disaster, but many were hospitalized . I'll never forget it.Got it.明白了。relief effort救援行

30、動(dòng)volunteered to help at a fundraiser自愿在募捐活動(dòng)中幫忙victims災(zāi)民donating blankets捐獻(xiàn)毯子collect tickets檢票Victims especially need blankets because of the cold.So many people are involved in the relief effort .Do you have the time to volunteer?I'm collecting tickets at the fundraiser.檢票Do you think a fundrais

31、er is a good way to raise money?募捐活動(dòng)He's very generous. He donated $ 50 to the fund.請把詞條移至正確的間隔處。Hewittville Fundraiser, Saturday, November 5thPlease join us in the relief effort for victims of the Hewittville fire.Doors open at 10 a.m. There will be food and live music! Tickets are $20.Bring an

32、y donations you can blankets , food, etc.All donations of money will go directly to the Red Cross.We still need volunteers to help with:collecting tickets at the door collecting donations serving foodPlease show your generosity !We have temporary housing for the victims.My job is to collect tickets

33、at the door.我的工作是在門口檢票。Can you volunteer to help with the relief effort?你能否自愿為救援工作出一把力？The fundraiser raised/collected more than a million dollars.這場募捐活動(dòng)籌集了超過一百萬美元。帶'of' 的量詞在量詞后使用 of。注意，of 后通常使用代詞、限定詞、所有格或 the。使用 many 搭配可數(shù)名詞，使用 much 搭配不可數(shù)名詞。He gave many of his canned goods to the relief effo

34、rt. 他捐出了許多罐裝食品用于救災(zāi)。The fire burned much of the county. 大火燒毀了這個(gè)縣的大部分。使用 a few of 搭配可數(shù)名詞，使用 a little of 搭配不可數(shù)名詞。I ate dinner with a few of the volunteers. 我和幾個(gè)志愿者一起吃了飯。Only a little of the donated money was used for the fundraiser. 只有小部分善款用于籌款會(huì)。使用 some 表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)名詞的肯定陳述，使用 any 表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)名詞的否定陳述。Some of my friends

35、 live in Hewittville. 我的一些朋友住在美國休伊特維爾。I don't have any of those warm blankets. 我沒有保暖毯、使用 most of、all of 和 none of 搭配復(fù)數(shù)名詞，使用 each of 搭配單數(shù)名詞。Most of the volunteers are young people. 大多數(shù)志愿者都是年輕人。All of Hewittville's buildings were damaged or destroyed. 休伊特維爾的所有建筑都被損壞或摧毀。He needed a coat, but no

36、ne of them fit. 他需要一件外套，但是這些都不合身。Each of you should volunteer at the fundraiser. 你們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該在募捐活動(dòng)中做志愿者。Many of the victims have lost everythingDo you know any of the evacuated families?Luckily, none of the firefighters were injured.Much of the money is for housing.Each of us can help at the fundraiser.We know that most