初中英語法大全：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1、初中英語法大全：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序，即“主語+謂語+其它”，有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，時(shí)間狀語也可提前.其句式變化可分為兩種情況 1)表示動(dòng)作， 一般人稱作主語的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞dont；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。 E.g.  They have lunch at 12:00.  They dont have lunch at 12:00.   Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2）單三人稱做主語的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesnt；

2、變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does。E.g.  Jenny speaks English very well.Jenny doesnt speak English very well.Does Jenny speak English very well?   含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化.     E.g. Danny is a good student.Danny isnt a good student.     Is Danny a go

3、od student?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：A一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或目前所處的狀態(tài)。We go to school every day.我們每天去學(xué)校。The students study very hard. 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。She has a dictionary. 她有一本詞典。  在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句中，如果主語是第三人稱時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要進(jìn)行變化，變化規(guī)則如下：1) 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后面直接加 -s. 例如：works, gets, say, reads2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或 o&#

4、160;結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在后面加 -es。 例如：  goes, teaches, washes3) 以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把 y變?yōu)?#160;i 再加 -es. 例如：studies, tries ,carries  動(dòng)詞 have 遇有主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，have 改為 has。 例如：    He has an interesting book. 他有一本有趣的書

5、。Our classroom has two doors. 我們的教室有兩個(gè)門。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的具體用法： 1) 表示現(xiàn)在，目前存在的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用下列副詞或短語來做時(shí)間狀語：  often, usually, always, sometimes , seldom, every day(week, year, night), twice a month ，on Sundays，never等副詞連用。I often visit my teachers. 我經(jīng)?？赐业睦蠋?。They do morn

6、ing exercises every day. 他們每天做早操。  2) 表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（如己安排好的或計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如： come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive,  finish, continue, begin，start，return，open，close等。      The train comes at 3 o'clock.火車三點(diǎn)鐘到。Tomorrow is Sunday.

7、0;明天是星期天。Next week they leave for Shanghai.下周他們動(dòng)身去上海。Our holidays begin in a week.一周后，我們的假期開始。3) 在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。I'll help you as soon as you have problem.只要你有困難我就會(huì)幫助你。Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.如果你碰見小李，告訴他這件事情。If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we'll go to the Summ

8、er palace.如果明天不下雨，我們?nèi)ヮU和園。When he gets to the village，he will write to me.他到村里后就寫信給我。4) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)還可用在戲劇， 電影的劇本解說，體育比賽的解說以及圖片的說明等場(chǎng)合。Tom carries the ball to the left.湯姆把球帶到左方。The picture shows us how they built the motorway last year.這張照片給我們展示了他們?nèi)ツ耆绾谓ㄔO(shè)高速公路。5)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 The earth moves a

9、round the sun. Shanghailies in the east ofChina.表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　?#160;注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。6)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my

10、homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。7)有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動(dòng)詞（如be，like，hate，think，sound等）往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。I want your help.我需要你的幫助。I don't think you are right.我以為你錯(cuò)了。Most of the girls like flo

11、wers.8)其他Here comes Li Ming！李明來了There goes the bell！鈴響了。Here he comes.他來了。     學(xué)生常見錯(cuò)誤如下：一、be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中例：We are plant  (plant) the trees in spring.答案：plant解析：學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語的思維方式去翻譯，就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語最忌諱的，要看語法是不是正確，在英語中，be是表狀態(tài)，do是表動(dòng)作，兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中，可記住如下口訣：“英漢語言有差異，

12、be 、do不能放一起，仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析，語法千萬要牢記?！弊晕覚z測(cè)：(一)、 單選1 Jenny _ in an office.  Her parents _in a hospital.A work; works     B works; work  C  work; are working  D  is working; work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have  

13、; B there is   C there are  D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A don't rain  Bdidn't rain  Cdoesn't rain  Disn't rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set   B rises; sets 

14、60;C rises, set  D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen    B likes; listens     C like; are listening    D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study  B studies  

15、C study  D studied答案：1 B  2D  3C  4B  5B  6B(二)、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _  ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_  _  _(遠(yuǎn)離 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very muc

16、h.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .答案：1 comes   2 Does  know  3 is away from  4 doesn't look二、單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)例：1 He plaies (play) f

17、ootball very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.答案：1 plays  2 goes解析：1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es；2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同，變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.答案：1 Does  have    2 doesnt live解析：?jiǎn)稳朔Q做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí)，可記住如下口訣：“見助動(dòng)，用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案：dont do解析：do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞，它有