【高二下期末】廣東省東莞市2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題（解析版）VIP

2/2東莞市2021-2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測高二英語(本試卷共四大題，滿分150分?？荚嚂r間120分鐘)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié):滿分20分)第一節(jié)聽力理解(兩段共5小題:每小題2分，滿分10分)共兩小段，每段播放兩遍。請根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。第1段材料，回答第1~2題。1.WhatfooddoesMarylike?A.Fish.B.Chicken.C.Beef.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inamarket.C.Inarestaurant.第2段材料，回答第3~5題。3.WhatdidTomdoyesterday?A.Hewatchedamovie.B.Hestayedathome.C.Hewenttowork.4.WhattimewilltheymeetthisFridayevening?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At7:30.5.WhichofthefollowingwillTombuy?A.Drinks.B.Tickets.C.Flowers.第二節(jié)聽取信息(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)聽下面一段獨(dú)白。請從所聽到的內(nèi)容中獲取必要的信息，填入答題卡標(biāo)號為6~10空格中。聽錄音前，你將有10秒鐘的閱題時間，錄音讀兩遍。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié):滿分375分)第一節(jié)(共10小題:每小題25分，滿分25分)讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ABruceLeewasanactor,martialarts(武術(shù))masterandfilmmaker.Manypeopleconsiderhimoneofthemostinfluentialmartialartsexpertsofalltime.HewasborninSanFrancisco,althoughhisparentscamefromHongKong.Hisfatherwasafamousoperasinger,whoappearedinnumerousChinesefilms.Asachildinsuchfamily,BruceappearedinfilmsfromthetimehewasababyAndbytheageof18hehadactedin20films.Lee,asayoungman,wasdeterminedaboutwhateverhewasdoing.Atcollege,hetookupboxing,takingitsoseriouslythathebecameachampion,despiteonlyhavingtrainedforashorttime.ThoughLee'sfirstlovewasmartialarts,hebecamewell-knowninHongKongforhisfightingskills.Lee'sphilosophyonmartialartsinfluencedhisentireapproachtolifeHefirmlybelievedthatlifehadtobelivedtoitsfullestpotential.Andapersonshouldfollowhisbeliefsandliveanactivelife.Hewasconvincedthatifyoulivedalifeworthyofbeingremembered,youwouldliveinpeople'sheartforever.BruceLeecertainlyachievedthis,asheisalsorespectedastheoriginatorofwhattodayiscalledMixedMartialArts(MMA).BruceLeehasbeennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredwise,practicalanddedicated.Hisinfluenceremains,eventhoughhediedin1973attheageof32.1.WhatisthemajorreasonleadingLeeintofilms?A.Hisfamily.B.Histalent.C.Histraining.D.Hisnationality.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeaccordingtothepassage?A.Caring.B.Honest.C.Determined.D.Humorous.3.WhatcanwelearnaboutLee?A.Hisfathertaughthimmartialarts.B.Heistheoriginatorofmartialarts.C.Hismartialartsinfluencepeoplealot.D.Hewasthemostfamousactorinthe20century.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述李小龍的生平以及影響?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Hisfatherwasafamousoperasinger,whoappearedinnumerousChinesefilms.Asachildinsuchfamily,BruceappearedinfilmsfromthetimehewasababyAndbytheageof18hehadactedin20films.(他的父親是一位著名的歌劇演員，曾出演過許多中國電影。作為這樣一個家庭的孩子，布魯斯從小就出演電影，到18歲時，他已經(jīng)出演了20部電影。)”可知，布魯斯入圈電影主要原因是家庭的影響。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“Lee,asayoungman,wasdeterminedaboutwhateverhewasdoing.Atcollege,hetookupboxing,takingitsoseriouslythathebecameachampion,despiteonlyhavingtrainedforashorttime.ThoughLee'sfirstlovewasmartialarts,hebecamewell-knowninHongKongforhisfightingskills.(李年輕時，無論做什么都下定決心。在大學(xué)里，他開始了拳擊運(yùn)動，盡管只訓(xùn)練了很短的時間，但他非常認(rèn)真地對待它，最終成為了冠軍。雖然李的初戀是武術(shù)，但他在香港以武功聞名。)”可知，李是很有決心的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段“Manypeopleconsiderhimoneofthemostinfluentialmartialartsexpertsofalltime.”（許多人認(rèn)為他是有史以來最有影響力的武術(shù)專家之一）由文章最后一段“BruceLeehasbeennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredwise,practicalanddedicated.Hisinfluenceremains,eventhoughhediedin1973attheageof32.(李被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最有影響力的人之一。他被認(rèn)為是明智、務(wù)實(shí)和敬業(yè)的。盡管他于1973年去世，享年32歲，但他的影響力依然存在。)”可知，李的武術(shù)對人們影響很大。故選C項(xiàng)。BWhenIwasaboy,Idislikedthefeelingof“beingastranger”ifmyfamilywentonholidaytoanothercountry.Attheageofseven,wewenttovisitafamilyfriendinFrance.IhadbeenpracticingmyFrenchandwasexcitedtouseit.IspokethefirstFrenchwordsinabakeryinParis.Despiteacarefullypreparedrequest,Iwasnotreadyfortherapidfireresponse.Ihadnoideawhatthesalesgirlsaid!IwassoupsetandknewifIwantedtogetbetter,Iwouldhavetoputinmoreefforts.IstartedstudyingChineseaftermytriptoChinaandIstudiedatBeijingNormalUniversityinthelate1990s.IknewthelanguagewouldhelpmetounderstandChinabetter.LikeChinese,mymotivationtostudyRussiancamefrommyinterestinthecountry’shistory,cultureandmusic.AlthoughIstudiedlanguagesbeforejoiningtheforeignoffice,IhopedthatonedayIwouldworkinternationally.AsanativeEnglishspeaker,Ididn’texpectpeopletounderstandmewhiletravelingtheworld.Iwantedtomakeeffortstounderstandothersthroughtheirlanguages.Learningalanguagealsoimproveshowyouexpressyourself.Whenyouhavelimitedvocabulary,youhavetocreativelycommunicateyourmessagesandmeanings.Thiscanalsobenefitcommunicationskillsinyourfirstlanguage.You’llbecomemoreawareofthewordsyouuseandhowyouwantpeopletorespond.Beingabletospeakotherlanguagesgivesyouanotherdimension.Notnecessarilyintermsofpersonality,butinyourabilitytohavericherexperienceswithabroadermind.4.Whatupsettheauthorinthebakery?A.Hedidn’tmeethisfriend.B.Hecouldn’tspeakFrench.C.Hedidn’tpreparetherequest.D.Hecouldn’tunderstandthegirl.5.WhydidtheauthorstudyRussian?A.ToliveinRussia.B.Totraveltheworld.C.Tojointheforeignoffice.D.TolearnmoreaboutRussia.6.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Waysoflearningforeignlanguages.B.Benefitsoflearningforeignlanguages.C.Effortsneededtospeakalanguagewell.D.Differentlanguagesindifferentcountries.【答案】4.D5.D6.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章通過描述作者學(xué)習(xí)各種語言的經(jīng)歷意識到，能夠說其他語言給了你另一個維度。不一定是因?yàn)閭€性，而是因?yàn)槟阌心芰σ愿鼜V闊的胸懷獲得更豐富的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ihadnoideawhatthesalesgirlsaid!Iwassoupset”(我完全不知道售貨員說了什么！我很生氣)可知，作者在面包店里生氣的原因是他聽不懂店員說的話。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“LikeChinese,mymotivationtostudyRussiancamefrommyinterestinthecountry’shistory,cultureandmusic.”(和漢語一樣，我學(xué)習(xí)俄語的動機(jī)來自于我對這個國家的歷史、文化和音樂的興趣。)可知，作者學(xué)習(xí)俄語是為了更多的了解這個國家的歷史、文化和音樂。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Beingabletospeakotherlanguagesgivesyouanotherdimension.Notnecessarilyintermsofpersonality,butinyourabilitytohavericherexperienceswithabroadermind.”(能夠說其他語言給了你另一個維度。不一定是因?yàn)閭€性，而是因?yàn)槟阌心芰σ愿鼜V闊的胸懷獲得更豐富的經(jīng)歷。)可知，作者想通過他學(xué)習(xí)各種語言的經(jīng)歷告訴我們學(xué)習(xí)外語的好處。故選B。CRobotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertip(指尖)whichbreaksthatlimitation.Itenablesmachinestosenseobjectsasahumanfingertipdoes.Engineershavebeenworkinghardtomakerobotsflexibleandsensitive.Whenresearchersfromauniversitybegandesigninganartificialfingertipin2009,theyusedhumanskinasaguide.Theirfirstfingertipwasaboutthesizeofacokecan.By2018,3Dprintingmadeitaboutthesizeofanadult'sbigtoe,withthemulti-layeredstructurelikehumanskin.ThelatestbreakthroughiscalledTacTip.Scientistsincludeartificialnervenetworksintothefingertip,whichenablesarobottoquicklyprocesswhatit'ssensingandactaccordinglylikearealfinger.“Alotofoursenseoftouchisdecidedbyourskin,”saysprofessorBenjamin,leaderoftheresearchteam.Inourfingertips,nerveendingswilldeformwhentheskintouchesanobjectandthensendsthesignalstothebrainaboutwhat'shappening.Similarly,thenervenetworksofTacTippickupandtranslatethosesignalsintothefingertip'sactions,tellingrobotstohandleobjectsofallshapesandsizeswithoutprogramming,accordingtoBenjamin.SomescientistsdoubtwhetherTacTipisonlyjustskin-like.Thesignalsfromtheartificialandhumanfingertipsarenotquitethesame,asthesignalsinrealskinaremoreintense.Otherscientiststhinkhighlyofthisbreakthrough.“Atleastithelpsclarifyhowhumantouchworksandisanecessarysteptoimproverobotictouch,”saysprofessorSmith,amaterialscientist.7.Whydoesthewritermention“anegg”inParagraph1?A.Tofindasolutionforengineers.B.Toshowrobotshavelimitations.C.Totellhowrobotssenseobjects.D.Toexplainwhyrobotsoftenfail.8.Whichofthefollowingplaysthemostimportantroleinthelatestbreakthrough?A.Artificialnervenetworks.B.3Dprinting.C.Multi-layeredstructure.D.Humanskin.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deform”meaninParagraph4?A.Develop.B.Stopworking.C.Decrease.D.Changeshapes.10.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TacTipChangesHowTouchWorksinHumansB.RobotsHaveBecomeMoreFlexibleandSensitiveC.ArtificialFingertipGivesRobotsHuman-likeTouchD.EngineersHaveAchievedaBreakthroughin3DPrinting【答案】7.B8.A9.D10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹人工指尖給機(jī)器人帶來了人類般的觸感?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Robotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertipwhichbreaksthatlimitation.(機(jī)器人可以編程來移動汽車，甚至執(zhí)行一些操作。然而，當(dāng)要撿起他們以前從未碰過的東西時，比如雞蛋，他們往往會失敗?，F(xiàn)在，工程師們發(fā)明了一種人工指尖，打破了這一限制。)”可知，作者舉例雞蛋的目的就是為了說明機(jī)器人的一些局限。故選B項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“ThelatestbreakthroughiscalledTacTip.Scientistsincludeartificialnervenetworksintothefingertip,whichenablesarobottoquicklyprocesswhatit'ssensingandreactaccordinglylikearealfinger.(最新的突破被稱為TacTip?？茖W(xué)家將人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)植入指尖，使機(jī)器人能夠快速處理感測到的信息，并像真正的手指一樣做出相應(yīng)反應(yīng)。)”可知，最新的突破是將人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)植入指尖。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】詞句猜測題。由文章第四段“whentheskintouchesanobjectandthensendsthesignalstothebrainaboutwhat'shappening.(當(dāng)皮膚接觸到一個物體，然后向大腦發(fā)送關(guān)于發(fā)生了什么的信號。)”可知，當(dāng)我們皮膚一接觸物體，就會有信號傳到大腦，而這時，應(yīng)該是我們指尖的神經(jīng)末梢發(fā)生了“變形”，才會產(chǎn)生信號。所以猜測deform是“發(fā)生改變”的意思。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Robotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertip(指尖)whichbreaksthatlimitation.Itenablesmachinestosenseobjectsasahumanfingertipdoes.(機(jī)器人可以編程來移動汽車，甚至執(zhí)行一些操作。然而，當(dāng)要撿起他們以前從未碰過的東西時，比如雞蛋，他們往往會失敗。現(xiàn)在，工程師們發(fā)明了一種人工指尖，打破了這一限制。它使機(jī)器能夠像人類的指尖一樣感知物體。)”以及結(jié)合下文可知，文章主要講科學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)明，使機(jī)器人更具有像人類一樣的感知。所以C項(xiàng)RobotsHaveBecomeMoreFlexibleandSensitive(人工指尖給機(jī)器人帶來了人類般的觸感)為短文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Imaginetakingavoyagetothedeepestpartoftheocean.Whattypesofthingwouldyouexpecttosee?Wouldyouseefamiliaranimalsandplantsorfindstrangeandnewones?Scientistskeeplookingfornewspeciesandnewfacts.____11____.DivingdeepintheoceanThedeepocean,1,000metersbelowthesurface,isfreezingcold.What’sworse,thewaterpressurecanharmyouifyoudon’thaveprotectivedeviceson.Therefore,deepdiverswearspecialdivingsuitstoprotectthemselvesfromthewaterpressure.____12____,someofwhichhaverobotarmsthatcancollectsamplesofwater,soil,andsmallanimalsunderwater.UsingsatellitesfortrackingSatellitesupinspacecanhelptotrackseaanimalstravelsintheocean.Scientistsattachsomeanimalswithelectronicsensorstostudythem.Then,asatellitecantrackthesignalfromthesensorattachedontheanimal’sfinorback.____13____.Besides,scientistscanusethissignaltopredicttheanimal’sfuturemovements.____14____Whattypesofanimalsareintheocean?Howmanyarethere?Oceanographersstudiedandcountedanimalsfortenyearstodiscovertheanswers.Theylookedatalltheworld’soceansfromtheNorthPoletotheSouthPole.Theycountedmorethan30,000speciesinmorethan30millionrecords.Morethan6,000newspecieshadneverbeenseenbefore!However,notalltheanimalshavebeendiscovered.____15____.Therearemanymoresurprisestocome!A.CountingseaanimalsB.LivingdeepunderwaterC.Themoretheyexplore,themoretheyfindD.Itshowswhen,where,andhowtheanimaltravelsE.Forreallydeepdives,theyrideinsmallsubmarinesF.LifeismorediversethanpeoplepreviouslythoughtG.Withsensors,somefishhavetraveledover75,000kilometers【答案】11.C12.E13.D14.A15.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了科學(xué)家們一直使用不同方法和科技手段在海洋深處尋找新的物種和新的事實(shí)?！?1題詳解】上文“Scientistskeeplookingfornewspeciesandnewfacts.(科學(xué)家們一直在尋找新物種和新事實(shí))”說明科學(xué)家們一直在進(jìn)行探索研究，C項(xiàng)中they指代的是科學(xué)家們，C項(xiàng)“他們探索得越多，發(fā)現(xiàn)得越多”說明科學(xué)家們探索的結(jié)果，承接上文，符合題意。故選C?！?2題詳解】上文“Therefore,deepdiverswearspecialdivingsuitstoprotectthemselvesfromthewaterpressure.(因此，深水潛水員穿著特殊的潛水服以保護(hù)自己免受水壓的影響)”說明潛水員潛入深水時需要穿著特殊的裝備，E項(xiàng)“對于真的很深的潛水，他們乘坐小型潛艇”承接上文，并引出下文“someofwhichhaverobotarmsthatcancollectsamplesofwater,soil,andsmallanimalsunderwater.(其中一些有機(jī)器人手臂，可以收集水下的水、土壤和小動物的樣本)”，下文中which指代E項(xiàng)中的smallsubmarines，E項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合題意。故選E?！?3題詳解】上文“Scientistsattachsomeanimalswithelectronicsensorstostudythem.Then,asatellitecantrackthesignalfromthesensorattachedontheanimal’sfinorback.(科學(xué)家用電子傳感器連接一些動物來研究它們。然后，衛(wèi)星可以跟蹤安裝在動物鰭或背部的傳感器發(fā)出的信號)”說明科學(xué)家使用電子傳感器連接動物后，衛(wèi)星可以跟蹤信號，D項(xiàng)“它顯示了動物何時、何地以及如何旅行”承接上文，符合題意。故選D。【14題詳解】下文“Whattypesofanimalsareintheocean?Howmanyarethere?(海洋中有什么動物？有多少？)”說明要計(jì)算海洋中的動物數(shù)量，A項(xiàng)“數(shù)一數(shù)海洋動物”引出下文，符合題意。故選A。【15題詳解】下文“Therearemanymoresurprisestocome!(接下來還有更多驚喜！)”說明接下來還會有更多的發(fā)現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“生命比人們以前想象的更加多樣化”說明生命種類事實(shí)上更多，引出下文的結(jié)果，符合題意。故選F。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié):滿分37.5分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題:每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MartinandWeiss,bothwereartteachersinalocalprimaryschool.Theyspoketotheirstudents,aged6to11,aboutthe____16____ofopeningahotline.Theteachersaskedthestudentstothinkofhowtheystayed____17____throughoutthepandemic(大流行病).Theyalsoaskedthemtorecallmomentswhentheywereintroubleandreceivedhelpful____18____.“Soalloftheresponsesarereallycomingfromthekidsandtheirownlife____19____.Andtheiradviceisbasedontheir____20____yearsonthisplanet,”Martinsaid.Theteachersandtheirstudentsalsohunganumberofpostersthroughoutthetown____21____positivemessages.ThehotlinewaslaunchedonFebruary26and____22____morethan500callsinjusttwodays.It____23____receivesupto90callsperhour.Afterdialing,you’llbeprovidedwithamenuofoptions,suchaslifeadvice,encouragementandeven____24____songsfromkindergartners.Amy,who____25____aseriousdisease,saysshehascalledthehotlineseveraltimesforencouragementandhaseven____26____itwithfellowpatients.“It’sjoy,straightfromtheMouthsof____27____,”shetoldthejournalist.“Weadultsforgetthat____28____spreadingpositivethinkingcanreallybethat____29____.”Thehotline,whichisfundedbyacharity,willbe____30____withmoremessagesinthecomingmonths.Martinhopestofindmorefundingtokeepthehotlineoperatingwell.16.A.theory B.idea C.code D.tale17.A.positive B.polite C.modest D.curious18.A.patent B.clues C.advice D.conclusions19.A.quotes B.meanings C.goals D.experiences20.A.busy B.late C.short D.extra21.A.editing B.sending C.checking D.correcting22.A.received B.made C.missed D.refused23.A.suddenly B.randomly C.currently D.apparently24.A.scary B.complex C.boring D.cheerful25.A.worriesabout B.workson C.findsout D.suffersfrom26A.combined B.shared C.created D.compared27.A.teachers B.patients C.kids D.adults28.A.diseases B.justice C.rumours D.kindness29.A.formal B.simple C.strange D.urgent30.A.updated B.bothered C.covered D.charged【答案】16.B17.A18.C19.D20.C21.B22.A23.C24.D25.D26.B27.C28.D29.B30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一所小學(xué)的孩子們開通熱線，基于自己短暫的生活經(jīng)歷，為人們帶去建議和鼓勵的故事。【16題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們和他們6至11歲的學(xué)生討論了開通熱線的想法。A.theory理論；B.idea想法；C.code密碼；D.tale故事。根據(jù)下文“ofopeningahotline”可知，此處表示老師和學(xué)生們討論了開通熱線的想法。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：老師們要求學(xué)生們思考他們是如何在大流行病期間保持積極態(tài)度的。A.positive積極的；B.polite禮貌的；C.modest謙遜的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)下文“Weadultsforgetthat____13____spreadingpositivethinkingcanreallybethat____14____”可知，此處表示學(xué)生們思考自己是如何保持積極態(tài)度的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們還要求學(xué)生們回憶自己遇到麻煩并得到有用建議的時刻。A.patent專利；B.clues線索；C.advice建議；D.conclusions結(jié)論。根據(jù)上文“whentheywereintroubleandreceivedhelpful”可知，此處表示學(xué)生們遇到麻煩并得到有用的建議的時刻。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以所有的反應(yīng)都真正來自孩子們和他們自己的生活經(jīng)歷。A.quotes引用；B.meanings含義；C.goals目標(biāo)；D.experiences經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)上文“Theyalsoaskedthemtorecallmomentswhentheywereintroubleandreceivedhelpful____3____”可知，此處表示所有的反應(yīng)都來自孩子們自己的生活經(jīng)歷。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的建議是基于他們在這個星球上的短暫歲月。A.busy忙碌的；B.late晚的；C.short短的；D.extra額外的。根據(jù)上文“theirstudents,aged6to11”可知，這些學(xué)生們只有6至11歲，此處表示他們的短暫的歲月。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：老師和學(xué)生們還在全鎮(zhèn)張貼了許多海報，傳達(dá)積極的信息。A.editing編輯；B.sending傳達(dá)；C.checking檢查；D.correcting糾正。根據(jù)上文“hunganumberofpostersthroughoutthetown”可知，此處表示老師和學(xué)生們張貼海報，傳達(dá)積極信息。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：該熱線于2月26日開通，僅兩天就接到500多個電話。A.received接到；B.made制作；C.missed錯過；D.refused拒絕。根據(jù)上文“ThehotlinewaslaunchedonFebruary26”以及下文“receivesupto90callsperhour.”可知，此處表示熱線開通后接到電話。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：目前，它每小時最多接到90個電話。A.suddenly突然；B.randomly隨機(jī)地；C.currently目前；D.apparently顯然地。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示目前熱線每小時最多會接到90個電話。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：撥號后，您將被提供選項(xiàng)菜單，如生活建議、鼓勵，甚至是來自幼兒園的歡快歌曲。A.scary嚇人的；B.complex復(fù)雜的；C.boring令人厭倦的；D.cheerful快樂的。根據(jù)下文“songsfromkindergartners”以及常識可知，此處表示來自幼兒園的快樂的歌曲。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：患有嚴(yán)重疾病的艾米說，她已經(jīng)多次撥打熱線尋求鼓勵，甚至還與其他患者分享了這條熱線。A.worriesabout擔(dān)心；B.workson從事于；C.findsout發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.suffersfrom患病。根據(jù)下文“aseriousdisease”可知，艾米患有嚴(yán)重的疾病。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：患有嚴(yán)重疾病的艾米說，她已經(jīng)多次撥打熱線尋求鼓勵，甚至還與其他患者分享了這條熱線。A.combined組合；B.shared分享；C.created創(chuàng)造；D.compared比較。根據(jù)下文“itwithfellowpatients”可知，此處表示艾米與其他患者分享了熱線。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這是喜悅，直接來自孩子們的嘴巴，”她告訴記者。A.teachers教師；B.patients患者；C.kids孩子們；D.adults成年人。根據(jù)上文“Soalloftheresponsesarereallycomingfromthekidsandtheirownlife____4____.Andtheiradviceisbasedontheir____5____yearsonthisplanet,”可知，接通熱線并給人們帶來鼓勵和喜悅的是孩子們。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們成年人忘記了善良傳播積極思想真的可以這么簡單。A.diseases疾?。籅.justice正義；C.rumours謠言；D.kindness善良。根據(jù)上文“Afterdialing,you’llbeprovidedwithamenuofoptions,suchaslifeadvice,encouragementandeven____9____songsfromkindergartners.”以及語境可知，此處表示孩子們?yōu)槿藗兲峁┙ㄗh以及鼓勵，這是他們善良的行為。故選D項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們成年人忘記了善良傳播積極思想真的可以這么簡單。A.formal正式的；B.simple簡單的；C.strange奇怪的；D.urgent緊急的。根據(jù)上文“Afterdialing,you’llbeprovidedwithamenuofoptions,suchaslifeadvice,encouragementandeven____9____songsfromkindergartners.”以及“spreadingpositivethinkingcanreallybethat”可知，此處表示傳播積極的想法真地很簡單。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：該熱線由一家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)資助，未來幾個月將更新更多信息。A.updated更新；B.bothered困擾；C.covered覆蓋；D.charged收費(fèi)。根據(jù)下文“withmoremessagesinthecomingmonths”可知，熱線將被更新。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性，在下面空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為41~50的相應(yīng)位置。31.Childrenhave________urgetomeettheastronautscomingbackfromtheShenzhouXIIspacecraft.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】an【解析】【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：孩子們渴望見到從神舟十二號飛船回來的宇航員。結(jié)合語意，此處泛指孩子們的一種渴望，應(yīng)用短語haveanurgetodosth.，表示“有做某事的渴望”，urge為元音音素開頭的單詞，前邊應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。故填an。32.Hestayedinhospital________(temporary)beforehemovedintothenursinghomenotfaraway.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】temporarily【解析】【詳解】考查副詞。句意：在搬進(jìn)不遠(yuǎn)處的療養(yǎng)院之前，他暫時住在醫(yī)院里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處修飾動詞stayed，應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語，temporarily是副詞，表示“暫時”，符合句意。故填temporarily。33.Bejjing2022WinterOlympicsattractedagreatmany________(participant)worldwide.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】participants【解析】【詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：2022年北京冬奧會吸引了世界各地眾多參與者。由agreatmany可知，后面應(yīng)加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以應(yīng)填participants，表“參與者”。故填participants。34.________sportsappsbecomingpopular,moreandmorepeoplearedoingexerciseathome.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】With【解析】【詳解】考查介詞。句意：隨著運(yùn)動應(yīng)用程序的流行，越來越多的人在家鍛煉。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)句意，故填With。35.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingconstantly,________meansweneednewresourcestomeettheneedsofpeople.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】which【解析】【詳解】考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：世界人口在不斷增長，這意味著我們需要新的滿足人們需求的資源。這是一個非限制性定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，代替前邊整個句子，在從句中作主語。故填which。36.Pepperisanimportantpartofdailylifeforpeople________(live)inSichuanprovince.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】living【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：辣椒是生活在四川省的人日常生活的重要組成部分。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語動詞，live與被修飾詞people之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語。故填living。37.Ioftensleepwiththewindowsopen________itisreallynoisyoutside.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】unless【解析】【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我經(jīng)常開著窗戶睡覺，除非外面真的很吵。結(jié)合語意，空處應(yīng)用連詞unless，表示“除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故填unless。38.Thecarnivalheldinourschoollastweek________(sponsor)byseveralfamousgraduates.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】wassponsored【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：上周在我們學(xué)校舉行的嘉年華由幾位著名的畢業(yè)生贊助。根據(jù)lastweek可知，這是描述過去的事情，用一般過去時。分析句子可知，carnival和sponsor是被動關(guān)系，需用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wassponsored。39.Lilycouldn'tfindmymissingparcelandaskedmewhat________lookedlike.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】it【解析】【詳解】考查代詞。句意：莉莉找不到我丟失的包裹，問我它是什么樣子的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，what在從句中做賓語，從句中缺少主語，應(yīng)該用it，代指前文提到的parcel。故填it。40.________(describe)assoftpower,cultureplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofsociety.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】Described【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：文化被稱為軟實(shí)力，在發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用。前后主語一致，沒有連詞，空處用非謂語動詞，動詞describe(描述)和主語culture是被動關(guān)系。用過去分詞做狀語，位于句首首字母大寫。故填Described。第四部分寫作(共三節(jié);滿分55分)第一節(jié)句子考查(第51~54小題每空0.5分，第55~57小題每題3分，滿分15分)根據(jù)下面各個句子的要求，完成、改寫或翻譯句子。41.Youngsterstendto________it________________(認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然)thatparentsshoulddoeverythingforthemandgivethemwhatevertheywant.【答案】①.take②.for③.granted【解析】【詳解】考查動詞短語搭配。句意：年輕人傾向于想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該為他們做一切，給他們?nèi)魏嗡麄兿胍?。分析句子可知，認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然應(yīng)表達(dá)為“takeitforgranted”，為固定搭配，且tendto后就應(yīng)加動詞原形。故填takeforgranted。42.Ididn’tunderstandthenewworduntilIlookeditupinthedictionary.(改為倒裝句)________________Ilookedthenewwordupinthedictionary________Iunderstandit.【答案】①.Not②.until③.did【解析】【詳解】考查倒裝句。句意：直到查字典我才理解這個生詞?！皀otuntil+從句”置于句首時，主句要使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，所以前兩空填寫notuntil，其中not置于句首，首字母大寫，原句使用助動詞didn’t，將助動詞did提到主語I之前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，所以第三空填寫did。故填①Not②until③did。43Itseemedthatwehadexperiencedfourseasonsinaday.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)Weseemed________________________fourseasonsinaday.【答案】①.to②.have③.experienced【解析】【詳解】考查不定式的完成式。句意：我們似乎一天經(jīng)歷了四個季節(jié)。系動詞seem后接動詞不定式，因?yàn)樵渲惺怯眠^去完成時hadexperienced表達(dá)的，說明該動作發(fā)生在seemed這個動作之前，所以轉(zhuǎn)換后的句型中，seem后要接不定式的完成式。故答案是tohaveexperienced。44.“CanIapplytobeavolunteerinthecomingmarathon?”Maryasked(改為間接引語)Maryasked________________________applytobeavolunteerinthecomingmarathon.【答案】①.whether##if②.she③.could【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句連接詞和時態(tài)。句意：瑪麗問她是否申請成為即將舉行的馬拉松比賽的志愿者。分析題干可知，間接引語應(yīng)該是ask后接賓語從句，直接引語是個問句，所以連接詞應(yīng)該用whether或者if意為“是否”，變間接引語要注意人稱的變化，變間接引語后，主句主語是Mary，所以從句主語應(yīng)該用she，主句時態(tài)是一般過去時，所以從句也應(yīng)是一般過去時，應(yīng)用could。故填①whether或者if；②she；③could。45.MaryhadlostherBingDwenDwen,soshefeltverysad.(用分詞作狀語改寫)________________【答案】HavinglostherBingDwenDwen,Maryfeltverysad.【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語。句意：瑪麗把她的冰墩墩弄丟了，所以她很傷心。分析句子可知，“MaryhadlostherBingDwenDwen”是瑪麗傷心的原因，故可用非謂語作原因狀語。且動詞lose(丟失)和Mary是主動關(guān)系，且lose發(fā)生在feltverysad之前，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，故改寫為HavinglostherBingDwenDwen,Maryfeltverysad.46.Theyaretestingoutthenewsystemtoseeifitworkswell.(用被動語態(tài)改寫)________________【答案】Thenewsystemisbeingtestedoutbythemtoseeifitworkswell.【解析】【詳解】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：他們正在測試新系統(tǒng)，看看它是否工作良好。分析句子可知，thenewsystem和testout是被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)句意“正在”可知，需用正在進(jìn)行時的被動。故可改寫為Thenewsystemisbeingtestedoutbythemtoseeifitworkswell.47.讓孩子們高興的是他們下周將去旅游。(用名詞性從句翻譯)（漢譯英）【答案】Whatdelightsthechildrenisthattheyaregoingtotravelnextweek.或Itdelightsthechildrenthattheyaregoingtotravelnextweek.【解析】【詳解】考查主語從句、表語從句和時態(tài)?！白尯⒆觽兏吲d的”可以用主語從句表示，引導(dǎo)詞作主語，表示“……的（東西等）”，用連接what，謂語動詞delight“使高興”，故譯為Whatdelightsthechildren，系動詞is“是”后是表語從句“他們下周將去旅游”，從句的主語是they，由nextweek可知用一般將來時，表示計(jì)劃做某事用begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)，故譯為theyaregoingtotravelnextweek，從句句意完整，成分齊全，只起連接作用，用that引導(dǎo)，或用形式主語it，主語從句是“他們下周將去旅游”，后置，謂語動詞是delight，賓語是thechildren，從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示現(xiàn)在的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時，故翻譯為Whatdelightsthechildrenisthattheyaregoingtotravelnextweek.或Itdelightsthechildrenthattheyaregoingtotravelnextweek.第二節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作(滿分15分)48.你正在準(zhǔn)備英語課堂演講，請以“TheImportanceofPhysicalExercise”為主題寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.舉例說明鍛煉身體的重要性；2.發(fā)出呼吁。注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。TheImportanceofPhysicalExercise___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】ApossibleVersion:TheImportanceofPhysicalExerciseIfeelextremelyhonoredtodeliveraspeechwiththethemeoftheimportanceofphysicalexercise.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatthefirstwealthishealth.Ahealthybodyisindispensableforalifeofhighquality.Takemeforexample.Inthepasttwoyears,Ihavespenthalfanhourrunningeachday.What’smore,Ioftenplaybasketballwithmyfriends.Notonlydoesregularexercisestrengthenmybodygradually,butalsoithelpsmerelievemypressuresurprisingly.Healthispriceless.Therefore,Iamappealingtoallofyoutotakeaction,exerciseregularlyandmakeitahabit.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于開放性作文。要求考生以“TheImportanceofPhysicalExercise”為主題寫一篇演講稿，要求舉例說明鍛煉身體的重要性并發(fā)出呼吁?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累必不可少的：indispensable→essential此外：what’smore→besides壓力：pressure→stress經(jīng)常地：regularly→frequently2.句式拓展簡單句變復(fù)合句原句：Ahealthybodyisindispensableforalifeofhighquality.拓展句：Thereisnodoubtthatahealthybodyisindispensableforalifeofhighquality.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatthefirstwealthishealth.(運(yùn)用了it是形式主語，真正主語是that從句的主句從句)【高分句型2】Notonlydoesregularexercisestrengthenmybodygradually,butalsoithelpsmerelievemypressuresurprisingly.(運(yùn)用了否定詞notonly位于句首的倒裝句)第三節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫(滿分25分)49.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成-篇完整的短文。Itwasspring,andStevewantedtogetanewset(套裝)offootball,sportsshoes,andareallycoolbackpack.Therewasonlyoneproblem.Thatgreatsetwastooexpensive.Steveonlysaved$10,andthatwasnotevenclosetowhathewouldneedtobuytheset.“Icouldaskmomanddadtogivemypocketmoneyinadvance,”hethoughttohimself,“butthatwouldbeabigadvance!”Thatnight,Stevetoldhisparentstheproblem.“Haveyoueverthoughtaboutdoingsomethingfortheneighborhoodtoearnsomeextramoney?”askedhisdad.“No,itwouldtakemetoolongtoearnthemoney,”answeredSteve,“Ineedthenewsetfortheschoolfootballmatchintwoweeks.”“Well,ifyouearnpartofthemoney,I’lladvanceyoutherest.IsthatOK?”suggestedhisdad.Steveagreedwiththeoffer,wentbacktohisbedroomandthoughtaboutwhathecoulddot