高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)——語法專項(xiàng)課件課件(十四)主一致

1、( (十四十四) )主謂一致主謂一致 英語中，主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。英語中，主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。主謂一致必須遵循以下三條原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則、主謂一致必須遵循以下三條原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則、就近一致原則。就近一致原則。1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)。并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)。由由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： a young man and a girl want to go there.但如果在意義上指同一個(gè)人、同一件事或同一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語但如果在意義上指同一個(gè)人、同一件

2、事或同一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語 動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： a needle and thread was found on the floor.當(dāng)當(dāng)each.and each.；every.and every.；no.and no.；many a.and many a.結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： no man and no animal is to be found on the moon. many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.由由not only.but a

3、lso.；either.or.；neither.nor.；or連接的連接的 并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與就近的名詞或代詞保持一致。如：并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與就近的名詞或代詞保持一致。如： either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.當(dāng)主語由當(dāng)主語由as well as, along with, together with，rather than, no less than, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等詞連等詞連 接時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞或代

4、詞保持一致。如：接時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞或代詞保持一致。如： an iron and steal works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here. tom, along with his friends, goes skating every saturday. 2.百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí)。百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí)。 當(dāng)百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)后面加名詞或代詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞當(dāng)百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)后面加名詞或代詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞 來決定其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂來決定其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞

5、，謂 語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果是單數(shù)名詞語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果是單數(shù)名詞(或不可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)或代詞，謂語動(dòng)或代詞，謂語動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)。如：詞用單數(shù)。如： fifty percent of the students in our school are girls. threefourths of the surface of the earth is sea.3.不定代詞作主語時(shí)。不定代詞作主語時(shí)。不定代詞不定代詞each, another, the other, either, neither和由和由some, any, no, everyone或或thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單構(gòu)

6、成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單 數(shù)形式。如：數(shù)形式。如： neither of us has gone through regular training. nobody wants to go there，does he? something has been done to end the strike.all作主語表示人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用作主語表示人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用 單數(shù)。如：?jiǎn)螖?shù)。如： all is well that ends well. all are eager to reach an agreement.4.表示表示“全體全體”、

7、“部分部分”等意義的詞作主語時(shí)。等意義的詞作主語時(shí)。 當(dāng)主語是當(dāng)主語是most, the rest, the last, the remainder等時(shí)，其謂語一等時(shí)，其謂語一 般應(yīng)遵循意義一致的原則：如果般應(yīng)遵循意義一致的原則：如果of后面的名詞是單數(shù)，則用單后面的名詞是單數(shù)，則用單 數(shù)；如果數(shù)；如果of后面的名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)，則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：后面的名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)，則用復(fù)數(shù)。如： three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. after the big fire, the remainder is nothing. 5.“the形容詞形容詞/過去分詞

8、過去分詞”作主語時(shí)。作主語時(shí)。當(dāng)當(dāng)“the形容詞形容詞/過去分詞過去分詞”表示一類人或事物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用表示一類人或事物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)；如果指某一抽象概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。如：數(shù)；如果指某一抽象概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。如： the sick here are very well cared for. the true is to be distinguished from the false.6.形式為復(fù)數(shù)、意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語時(shí)。形式為復(fù)數(shù)、意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語時(shí)。表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、計(jì)量、空間、體積等意義的復(fù)表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、計(jì)量、空間、體積等意義的復(fù)

9、數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如： eight hours of sleep is enough. ten pounds was missing from the till. 過關(guān)落實(shí)過關(guān)落實(shí)1.a survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. a.show；are b.shows；is c.show；is d.shows；are 解析：解析：“a survey”a survey”作主語，

10、謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表時(shí)間，距離，作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表時(shí)間，距離， 金錢的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。金錢的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。 答案：答案：b2.we live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. a.is b.are c.has been d.have been 解析：解析：主語是主語是“the time”the time”，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 答案：答案：a 3.the com

11、pany had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly.now we have 60 working all day long. a.is b.are c.was d.were 解析：解析：此處此處onethird onethird 指指one third of 20 notebook one third of 20 notebook computers computers，故為復(fù)數(shù)；與，故為復(fù)數(shù)；與nownow相對(duì)，用過去時(shí)。相對(duì)，用過去時(shí)。 答案：答案：d4.most of what has been

12、said about the smiths _ also true of the johnsons. a.are b.is c.being d.to be 解析：解析：主語為主語為“大部分對(duì)大部分對(duì)smith smith 夫婦的說法夫婦的說法”，看成單數(shù)，謂，看成單數(shù)，謂語語 動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用isis。 答案：答案：b 5.a poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. a.is b.are c.was d.were 解析：解析：a poet an

13、d artista poet and artist指一個(gè)人，既是詩人，也是藝術(shù)家。指一個(gè)人，既是詩人，也是藝術(shù)家。 答案：答案：a6.the father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every sunday afternoon in winter. a.is going b.go c.goes d.are going 解析：解析：主語仍為主語仍為the fatherthe father，單數(shù)形式；，單數(shù)形式；as well as his three as well as his three child

14、ren children作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：答案：c 7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. a.two fifth；is b.two fifth；are c.two fifths；is d.two fifths；are 解析：解析：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子大于一，分母表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子大于一，分母( (序數(shù)詞形式序數(shù)詞形式) )加加s s；主語；主語 為為landland，不可數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。，不可數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 答案：答案：c8.ev

15、ery possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. a.is used b.are used c.has been used d.have been used 解析：解析：every possible meansevery possible means每一種可行的方式；每一種可行的方式；meansmeans單復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù) 同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 答案：答案：c 9.as

16、a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land. a.number；has b.quantity；has c.number；have d.quantity；have 解析：解析：a large number of a large number of 不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a large a large quantity of quantity of不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 答案：答案：b10.he is the only one of the student

17、s who _ the winner of scholarship for three years. a.is b.are c.have been d.has been 解析：解析：有有the onlythe only修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。 答案：答案：d 11.the population of china _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its population _ peasants. a.is；are b.are；is c.is；is d.are；are 解析：解析：popul

18、ationpopulation表示表示“人口人口”。當(dāng)表示人口數(shù)為多少時(shí)謂語。當(dāng)表示人口數(shù)為多少時(shí)謂語動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)，如果有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。詞用單數(shù)，如果有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：答案：a12.grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ paris tomorrow. a.are to；for b.is to；for c.is to；to d.are to；to 解析：解析：句中主語是句中主語是greygrey，單數(shù)，故謂語也用單數(shù)；，單數(shù)，故謂語也用單數(shù)；leave for leave for sp. sp.，動(dòng)身去某地。，動(dòng)身去某地。 答案：答案：b 13.either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the m