初中三大從句復(fù)習ppt課件

1、1初中三大從句復(fù)習 （賓語賓語，狀語，定語）從句2請問他們是什么從句1.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.2. I know who stole the money. 3. I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 4. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. 3賓語從句三大考點點賓語從句三大考點點一、引導(dǎo)詞一、引導(dǎo)詞二、語序二、語序三、時態(tài)三、時態(tài)4 He said (tha

2、t) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.1.原來的句子是陳述句時，由that引導(dǎo) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。 一一 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞52.原來的句子是一般疑問疑問句時，用if 和whether（1）Is she beautiful?（2）Does he live here? (3) Can I help you?I want to know He asked

3、 me 用這兩句型來練：在whether or not 的固定搭配中。如： eg ：I want to know whether its good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息63.原來句子是特殊疑問句，就由原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.I dont know who

4、 is she?The teacher said whats wrong with him?7二二.賓語從句中時態(tài)的變化賓語從句中時態(tài)的變化I hear (that)Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back

5、. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。用任何一種時態(tài)。（需要性原則）（需要性原則）82.2.當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時態(tài)，當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而從而達到主句和從句的

6、相互一致。（呼應(yīng)性原則）達到主句和從句的相互一致。（呼應(yīng)性原則）1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHe saidwould go waswas reading his work.had finished 93. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。Our teacher said that January is the

7、first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.10句子的兩種語序句子的兩種語序:1.陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)叫陳述語序陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)叫陳述語序賓語從句必須用陳述句語序賓語從句必須用陳述句語序 2 疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)叫疑問語序疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)叫疑問語序 11My name isMy favorite sport isI amI speak/have/likeI can playAre you?Can you play?Do you do?Where are you? What can you do? How

8、do you do?陳陳述述句句-一般一般疑問疑問句句特殊特殊疑問疑問句句結(jié)構(gòu)比較結(jié)構(gòu)比較_ + _ + _主語主語謂語謂語.?_ +_ + _特殊特殊疑問詞疑問詞一般一般疑問句疑問句 be情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞助動詞_ / _ /_+ _ +_主語主語謂語謂語?12陳陳述述句句一般一般疑問疑問句句特殊特殊疑問疑問句句_+ _ + _ 結(jié)構(gòu)比較結(jié)構(gòu)比較be情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞助動詞主語主語謂語謂語_ + _ + _ .主語主語?_ +_+ _特殊特殊疑問詞疑問詞一般一般疑問句疑問句? ?_ + _ + _ 主語主語?_ +_ + _主語主語結(jié)論結(jié)論:陳述句和疑問句最本質(zhì)的區(qū)別是陳述句中的陳述

9、句和疑問句最本質(zhì)的區(qū)別是陳述句中的be動詞動詞, 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 ,助動詞在主助動詞在主語后語后,而在疑問句中而在疑問句中,它們則在主語前它們則在主語前13賓語從句三要素賓語從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞thatthat（陳述句（陳述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑問句（一般疑問句 ） 特殊疑問詞（特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞（特殊疑問句) )時態(tài)時態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句可為任何時態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句可為任何時態(tài)主句為一般過去時主句為一般過去時從句從句一般過去時一般過去時過去將來時過去將來時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時語序語序賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序賓語從句的語序都為陳述

10、句語序客觀真理客觀真理 自然現(xiàn)象自然現(xiàn)象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 時態(tài)不變時態(tài)不變七七.本節(jié)小結(jié)本節(jié)小結(jié)141.-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?-Sorry.Idontknow_.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad2.-MayIcomein?ImsorryIamlate.-Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_.?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwerey

11、oudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool3.-Couldyoupleasetellme_.?-BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum4.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_.A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wher

12、earetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone15二狀語從句用句子表達一件事情或一個行為發(fā)生的時間，這個句子就叫時間狀語從句。時間狀語從句根據(jù)其所表示的時間不同，所使用的連詞也不同。下面我們一起來看一下幾個常見的時間狀語從句：這里主要講時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句這一塊往往和從屬連詞（專題十四）一塊考時間，條件狀語如果主句用了一般將來時從句將用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來含義。161.時間狀語從句時間狀語由when，while，as, as soon as, since ,until/till, not. until/till, before, after等引導(dǎo)。17(1)when引導(dǎo)的從句

13、：表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。 eg：I was going out when a visitor came. (動詞動作同時發(fā)生。) 。18(2)while 引導(dǎo)的從句：表示“當過程中”，強調(diào)某一段時間內(nèi)主句和從句中謂語動詞所表示的動作在同一時期發(fā)生。由于while從句表示一個持續(xù)的行為，所以從句中要用持續(xù)性動詞，并且持續(xù)性動詞常用進行時態(tài)。 eg：Keep an eye on my little sister while I am away.19(3)as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句：表示“當?shù)臅r候；一邊一邊；隨著”，其從句的主語與主句的主語往往是同一人或物。

14、 eg：She sang as she worked. 她一邊工作一邊唱歌。=She was singing as she was working. I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正當他下公共汽車時, 我看見了他。20(4)before引導(dǎo)的從句：一般表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前。 eg：I didnt know any English before I came here. 我到這兒來之前，一點英語都不懂。 eg：I had written my report before my father came back.21(5)after引

15、導(dǎo)的從句：表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。eg：After he locked the door, he left. 他鎖上門后，就走了。 他做完工作后，和朋友下了一盤棋。 小試牛刀：I will go out to play basketball with you. I finish my homework. (after)226since引導(dǎo)的從句：表示“自從以來”，從句中的動詞一般表示動作的起點，用過去時。since表示“自以來”，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去式。從句用一般過去式。 eg：Since he met this good fri

16、end, he has made great progress in his studies. Mr green has taught in that school since he (came) to China three years ago.237Until/till 引導(dǎo)的從句：表示一個動作持續(xù)到某一時刻。（1)Until/till表示“直到”，如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。（2）notUntil/till表示“直到才”，主句用否定式，從句用肯定。如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬間動詞時，必須用否定形式。24例如：They worked unti

17、l it was late. 他們一直工作到天黑。She didnt go to bed until she finished her homework. 她寫完作業(yè)才睡覺。小試牛刀：All the people left. He waited. (until)_He went to bed . his father came home._8as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句表示“一就”，強調(diào)動作緊密相連。例如：As soon as she came to the classroom, she began to read English.她一到教室，就開始讀英語。 小試牛刀：We start t

18、o sing. Its 12 oclock. (as soon as)_25分析試題特點及做題思路：分析試題特點及做題思路：題形題形 （1）選擇題：）選擇題：考連詞考連詞- 做題思路：做題思路： 考時態(tài)考時態(tài)-做題思路：做題思路： 認字認字- 判斷關(guān)系判斷關(guān)系- 選擇正確的連詞選擇正確的連詞認字認字- 判斷語境提供的時態(tài)特點判斷語境提供的時態(tài)特點- 選擇正確的時態(tài)選擇正確的時態(tài)261. It was quiet _ those big trucks started coming through the town.A. before B. after C. until D. unless 272

19、. It seemed only seconds _ the boy finished washing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if 283. Hardly had he reached the school gate _ the bell rang.A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as294.We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.A. whenever

20、B. until C. while D. wherever 302.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：If/ifnot,unless,aslongas,without條件狀語和時間狀語一樣如果主句用了一般將來時，從句就用一般現(xiàn)在時表條件狀語和時間狀語一樣如果主句用了一般將來時，從句就用一般現(xiàn)在時表將含義將含義。31位置：從句可放在主句之前或之后，但是放在主句之前須有逗號隔開從句可放在主句之前或之后，但是放在主句之前須有逗號隔開eg:如果我有足夠的錢，我就去環(huán)游世界（1）If 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句 定義：定義：if“如果如果,假如假如”它引導(dǎo)的句子表示某事發(fā)生所需的條件，即它引導(dǎo)的句子表示某事

21、發(fā)生所需的條件，即“在在條件下，條件下，某事才能發(fā)生某事才能發(fā)生”，在句子中充當狀語，因此稱之為條件狀語從句。（，在句子中充當狀語，因此稱之為條件狀語從句。（ If引導(dǎo)的條引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示假如有從句的動作發(fā)生，就會有主句動作的發(fā)生件狀語從句表示假如有從句的動作發(fā)生，就會有主句動作的發(fā)生 ）If I have enough money, I will travel around the world =I will travel around the world if I have enough money32用法：1. 如果主句是一般將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時如果主句是一般將來時，從句則用

22、一般現(xiàn)在時( 主將從現(xiàn)）。主將從現(xiàn)）。 If it rains（從句）， I will stay at home. Ill go with you if you dont want to go alone（從句）. 2.如果主句含有如果主句含有must, may, can 等情態(tài)動詞，從句也要用等情態(tài)動詞，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。一般現(xiàn)在時。 If you drive too fast, you may have an accident. You must stop if the traffic is red. 3. 如果主句是祈使句，從句同樣要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果主句是祈使句，從句同樣要用一般現(xiàn)

23、在時。 Dont go and play football if you dont finish your homework. Please call me if he comes next Sunday33 注意注意if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和賓語從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和賓語從句的區(qū)別 1.Youll be late _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning.A. if B. when C. before D. until 2.If he _ on time, we will go without himA. doesnt come B. dont

24、 comeC. didnt come D. will come3.If you _ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _ to work on the farm with us.A. see ; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go總結(jié)：總結(jié)： 條件狀語從句考的頻率比較高，主要考查條件狀語從句考的頻率比較高，主要考查if 連詞和連詞和if引導(dǎo)的從句與主句引導(dǎo)的從句與主句的時態(tài)（主將從現(xiàn)）的時態(tài)（主將從現(xiàn)）如果如果是否是否342) unless在意義上相當于在意義上相當于ifno

25、t。You will fail unless you study hard.You will fail if you dont study hard3) “祈使句祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句陳述句” 在意思上相當于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合在意思上相當于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。其中，句。其中，and表示句意順承；表示句意順承；or表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“否則否則”。例如：例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will succeed.35定

26、語從句定語從句考試要求：能夠辨出由that, which, who等引導(dǎo)的定語從句36that 既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。which指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略. who 指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略,（常用（常用whom）37只用只用that 的情況的情況1、先行詞為不定代詞、先行詞為不定代詞all， few ，little， much something， nothing， anything ，ever

27、ything等或者先行詞被等或者先行詞被all， any， every， each，few，little， no，some等修飾時。等修飾時。 如：如： All that we have to do is to practice every day. I have read every book that you gave me. The boy handed everything that he had picked up in the street to the police. You may borrow any book that interests you.2、先行詞被形容詞最高級修

28、飾時。如：、先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如： Guilin is one of the most beautiful places that people all over the world want to visit.3、先行詞為序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：、先行詞為序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如： When people talk about the cities of the US. The first that comes into mind is New York.384、先行詞被、先行詞被the only, the very , the same, the last修飾時。如：修飾時。如： The only language that is easy to learn is the mother tongue. He is the very person that I am looking for. This is the same book that I lost yesterday.5、先行詞既有人又有物時。如：、先行詞既有人又有物