美國(guó)文學(xué)一期末復(fù)習(xí)題

1、美國(guó)文學(xué)一期末復(fù)習(xí)資料i. each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers. choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. for melville, as well as for the reader and _, the narrator, moby dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.a. ahab b. ishmaelc. s

2、tubb d. starbuck8. stylistically, henry james fiction is characterized by_.a. short, clear sentences b. abundance of local imagesc. ordinary american speech d. highly refined language9. one of the characteristics that have made mark twain a major literary figure in the 19th century america is his us

3、e of_ . a. vernacular b. interior monologue c. point of view d. photographic description10. it is on his_ that washington irvings fame mainly rested. a. childhood recollections b. sketches about his european toursc. early poetry d. tales about america11. at the middle of 19th century, america witnes

4、sed a cultural flowering which is called “_”.a. the english renaissance b. the second renaissancec. the american renaissance d. the salem renaissance12. as a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of transcendentalism are generally concerning _.a. nature, man and

5、 the universeb. the relationship between man and womanc. the development of romanticism in american literatured. the cold, rigid rationalism of unitarianism13. about the novel the scarlet letter, which of the following statements is not right?a. its very hard to say that it is a love story or a stor

6、y of sin.b. its a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.c. its mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the main characters and the people in general. d. in it the letter a takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.14. the great s

7、ea adventure story moby-dick is usually considered_.a. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe.b. an adventurous exploration into mans relationship with naturec. a simple whaling tale or sea adventured. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the artistic

8、truth and beauty15. in his poems, walt whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “_.”a. free verse b. blank versec. alliteration d. end rhyming16. after the civil war america was transformed from _ to _.a. an agrarian community an industrialized and commercialized

9、 societyb. an agrarian community a society of freedom and equalityc. a poor and backward society an industrialized and commercialized societyd. an industrialized and commercialized society a highly developed society18. which of the following is not right about mark twains style of language?a. his se

10、ntence structures are long, ungrammatical and difficult to read.b. his words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.c. his humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-faced exaggeration， repetition and anti-climax.d. his style of language had exerted rather deep influence on the c

11、ontemporary writers.20. which of the following is not written by henry james?a. the portrait of a lady and the europeans.b. the wings of the dove and the ambassadors.c. what maisie knows and the bostonians.d. the genius and the gilded age.21. more than five hundred poems dickinson wrote are about na

12、ture, in which her general skepticism about the relationship between _ is well-expressed.a. man and man b. men and womenc. man and nature d. men and god22. which of the following is right about emily dickinsons poems about nature?a. in them, she expressed her general affirmation about the relationsh

13、ip between man and nature.b. some of them showed her disbelief that there existed a mythical bond between man and nature.c. her poems reflected her feeling that nature is restorative to human beings.d. many of them showed her feeling of natures inscrutability and indifference to the life and interes

14、ts of human beings.23. as a great innovator in american literature, walt whitman wrote his poetry in an unconventional style which is now called free verse, that is _.a. lyrical poetry with chanting refrainsb. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme schemec. poetry without rhymes at the end of

15、the lines but with a fixed beatd. poetry in an irregular metric form and expressing noble feelings37. which of the following is not a work of nathaniel hawthornes?a. the house of the seven gables. b. the blithedale romance.c. the marble faun. d. white jacket.38. in hawthornes novels and short storie

16、s, intellectuals usually appear as _.a. commentators b. observersc. villains d. saviors39. besides sketches, tales and essays, washington irving also published a book on _, which is also considered an important part of his creative writing.a. poetic theory b. french artc. history of new york d. life

17、 of george washington41. in american literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject. the following titles are all related, in one way or another, to the subject except _.a. mark twains the adventures of huckleberry finnb. dreisers sister carriec. coppers leather-st

18、ocking talesd. thoreaus walden43. emily dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. which of the following is not a usual subject of her poetic expression?a. religion. b. life and death.c. love and marriage. d. war and peace.44. in 1837, ralph waldo emerson made a speech entitled _

19、at harvard, which was hailed by oliver wendell holmes as "our intellectual declaration of independence."a. "nature" b. "self-reliance"c. "divinity school address" d. "the american scholar"46. in american literature the first important writer who earn

20、ed an international fame on both sides of the atlantic ocean is_. a. washington irving b. ralph waldo emerson c. nathaniel hawthorne d. walt whitman47. the american novelist nathaniel hawthorne is known for his“black vision”the term “black vision” refers to_. a. hawthorne's observation that ever

21、y man faces a black wall b. hawthorne's belief that all men are by nature evil c. that hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his storyd. that puritans of hawthorne's time usually wore black clothes52. though walt whitman and emily dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, the

22、y differ from each other in a variety of ways. for one thing, whereas whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, dickinson often addresses such issues as_, immortality, religion, love and nature. a. progress b. freedom c. beauty d. death53. the romantic writers would focus on all the f

23、ollowing issues except the_ in the american literary history a. individual feeling b. survival of the fittestc. strong imagination d. return to nature55. with howells, james, and mark twain active on the literary scene, _became the major trend in american literature in the seventies and eighties of

24、the 19th century a. sentimentalism b. romanticism c. realism d. naturalism57. hester prynne, dimmesdale, chillingworth and pearl are most likely characters in_. a. the house of the seven gables b. the scarlet letter c. the portrait of a lady d. the pioneers58. in his realistic fiction, henry james&#

25、39;s primary concern is to present the_. a. inner life of human beings b. american civil war and its effects c. life on the mississippi river d. calvinistic view of original sin60. which of the following is not the virtue that franklin enumerated in his the autobiography? a. temperance b. humanity (

26、humility)c. frugality d. immoderation61. american romanticism stretches from the end of the _ century through the outbreak of _.a. 18th, the civil war b. 18th, the war of independencec. 19th, wwi d. 19th, wwii62. _ believes that the chief aim of literary creation is beauty, and “the death of a beaut

27、iful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”a. walt whitman b. edgar allen poec. anne bradstreet d. ralph waldo emerson63. in emily dickinsons because i could not stop for death, _.a. death is personified as a devil b. death is described as the tragic end of a persons lifec.

28、 death is a stage of life and it leads people to the heaven of immortalityd. death is described as a beautiful girl who couldnt find her final destination64. which is generally regarded as the manifesto and the bible of american transcendentalism?a. thoreaus walden b. emersons nature c. poes poetic

29、principle d. thoreaus nature65. henry david thoreaus work, _, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the new england transcendental movement.a. walden b. the pioneersc. nature d. "song of myself" 66. leaves of grass commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment o

30、f_, which are written in the founding documents of both the revolutionary war and the american civil war.a. the democratic ideals b. the romantic idealsc. the self-reliance spirits d. the religious ideals67. _is the author of the work “the legend of sleepy hollow”.a. washington irving b. james joyce

31、c. walt whitman d. william butler yeats68. after "the adventure of tom sawyer", twain gives a literary independence to toms buddy huck in a book called_, and the book from which "all modern american literature comes".a. life on the mississippi river b. the gilded agec. adventures

32、 of huckleberry finn d. the sun also rises69. the greatest work written by theodore dreiser is_.a. sister carrie b. an american tragedyc. the financier d. the titan70. we can perhaps summarize that walt whitmans poems are characterized by all the following features except that they are _.a. conversa

33、tional and crudeb. lyrical and well-structuredc. simple and rather cruded. free-flowing72. mark twain, one of the greatest 19th century american writers, is well known for his _.a. international theme b. waste-land imageryc. local color d. symbolism74. most of herman melvilles novels are based on se

34、a voyages and sea adventures. which of the following is not the case?a. typee. b. moby-dick.c. omoo. d. the confidence-man75. in henry james daisy miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of _.a. the force of convention b. the free spirit of the new worldc. the decline of

35、 aristocracy d. the corruption of the newly rich77. the transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is _.a. insignificant b. vicious by naturec. divine d. forward-looking78. the publication of _established emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of new engl

36、and transcendentalism.a. nature b. self-reliancec. the american scholar d. the over-soulexplain the following literary terms.2. american transcendentalism new england transcendentalism was, in essence, romantic idealism on puritan soil. it was a system of thought that originated from three sources.

37、first william ellery channing (1780-1842) was an american unitarian clergyman. his unitarianism represented a thoughtful revolt against orthodox puritanism. unitarianism believed god as one being, rejecting the doctrine of trinity, stressing the tolerance of difference in religious opinion, and givi

38、ng each congregation the free control of its own affairs and its independent authority. it laid the foundation for the central doctrines of transcendentalism. secondly, the idealistic philosophy from france and germany exerted enormous impact on american intellectuals. thirdly, oriental mysticism as

39、 revealed in hindu and chinese classics reached america in english translations. as a result, new england transcendentalism blended native american tradition with foreign influences.3. american realism realism is the theory of writing in which familiar aspects of contemporary life and everyday scene

40、s are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner. this is the theory that authors try to use and guide them in their writing. it stresses truthful treatment of material. it is anti-romantic, anti-sentimental, and without abstract interest in nature, death, etc. mark twain laughed at p

41、eople who were caught up in the world of illusions, who were not mature enough to see real situations. this is one example of the truthful treatment of material. 4. american romanticismromanticism was a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism. it was a movement of conscious rebellion agains

42、t being too objective. the romantic spirit was one of subjectivity of inward feelings that one could trust ones subjective responses. romantics placed a high premium upon the creative function of imagination, and saw art as a formulation of intuitive and imaginative perceptions that tend to speak a

43、nobler truth than that of fact.5. multiple points of view the employment of several narrators or narrative points of views to tell a story, thus making the structure of the book somewhat radioactive. for example, the sound and the fury uses four different narrative voices to piece together the story

44、 and thus challenges the reader by presenting a fragmented plot told from multiple points of view.answer briefly4. please give a brief analysis of the major features of american romanticism.5. give a brief analysis of the differences between the three realists： william d. howells， mark twain and hen

45、ry james7. whitman has made radical changes in the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expressionwhat are the characteristics of whitman's free verse?9. what are the major features of new england transcendentalism? 10. what are the similarities and differences between whitman

46、and dickinsons poetry?11. what are the writing features of mark twains literary creation?12. who is the first american poet to write free verse? what is his masterpiece? what are the symbolic meanings of the title of this work?topic discussion1. what makes mark twains the adventures of huckleberry f

47、inn more than a childs adventure story? briefly discuss the question from three of the following aspects: the setting, the language, the character(s), the theme and the style.2. take mark twain's the adventures of huckleberry finn as an example to illustrate the statement that mark twain was a u

48、nique writer in american literature6. o captain! my captain! our fearful trip is done, the ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won the port is near, the bells i hear, the people all exulting, while follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; but o heart! heart! heart!

49、where on the deck my captain lies, fallen cold and dead. 1) who is the writer of this poem? 2) who is “captain” the poet compares to, and what do the “fearful trip” and the “prize” respectively refer to?3) what are major rhetorical devices used in this stanza? 2. take examples to analyze the style a

50、nd theme of mark twain.9. reality reflected in realistic writings （現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的簡(jiǎn)要背景，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)，舉例說(shuō)明）realism came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. the battle between idealists and realists provided the major issue of american literary history after the civil war (1861-1865). l

51、iterature began to pay less attention to general ideas and more to the immediate facts of life. as a way of writing, realism has been applied in almost every literature throughout history. but as a literary movement, realism is a period concept and it refers to the approach of realist fiction occurr

52、ed at the latter part of the 19th century. in part, the rise of realism came as a protest against the falseness and sentimentality seen in romantic literature. the realists were determined to create a new kind of literature that was completely and totally realistic. ¯ major features1 realism is

53、 the theory of writing in which familiar aspects of contemporary life and everyday scenes are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner. this is the theory that authors try to use in their writing. it stresses truthful treatment of material. it is anti-romantic, anti-sentimental, and

54、 without abstract interest in nature, death, etc.2 in realist fiction characters from all social levels are examined in depth. the realist writers hold on to characters and keep examining how these people relate to each other. 3 open ending is also a good example of the truthful treatment of material. 4 realism focuses on commonness of the lives of the common people who are customarily ignored b