英語句子成分圖.ppt

1、英語句子概論英語句子概論 基本成分 附屬成分 獨立成分 省略成分 連接成分 簡單句簡單句 并列句并列句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞 （ s + vi ） 主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語 ( s + vt + o) 主語主語 系動詞系動詞 表表 (s + lv + predicative) 主語雙賓動詞主語雙賓動詞+間賓間賓+直賓直賓(s +vt +o.indir+o. dir) 主語主語 賓補動詞賓補動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補語賓語補語 (s + vt. + o + o. compl)there + be / stand/ lie / live.簡單句的五種基本句型簡單句的

2、五種基本句型主語、動詞（不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補動詞)、賓語及補語可以稱為基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2個基本成分，至多4個基本成分。nounadj. / adv.infinitivev-ing v-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(間)賓語(直)vtv-lvinoun / pronounthe + adjv-ing / clauseinfinitivenoun / pronoun / the + adjv-ing / clause / infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie b

3、ecome /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitivev-ing / v-edclauseetc.主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞she came/ my head aches.主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語she likes english.主語主語 系動詞系動詞 主語補語主語補語she is happy主語主語 雙賓動詞雙賓動詞 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語she gave john a bookshe bought a book fo

4、r me.主語主語 賓補動詞賓補動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補語賓語補語she makes her mother angrythe teacher asked me to read the passage.there +bethere lies a book on the desk.簡單句基本句型實例簡單句基本句型實例附屬成分附屬成分基本成分的修飾語?？梢允牵夯境煞值男揎椪Z?？梢允牵?定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句 狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。短語或從句。定定 語語poor john t

5、ottered toward a hospital nearbyshe likes oranges imported from the usa.john gave mary many books，which are full of illustrationshave you seen the book on the desk?the boy playing over there is my brother.people there like sports.john often came to chat with mejohn likes oranges very muchwhenever he

6、 gets drunk，john makes mary very angryhearing the news, he jumped with joy.as he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.she is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.my father worked in this school ten years ago.youd better stay here.狀狀 語語examples:oh！what is that?。@嘆詞）?。@嘆詞）he has，alas，failed ag

7、aincome here，john（呼語）（呼語）roll on，ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。獨立成分獨立成分（you） come here（i wish you）good luck！some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggshe runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( i ) h

8、ope you like it. john should clean the room today and peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：一定的意思：省略成分省略成分連接成分連接成分連接成分實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的連接成分實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞并列連詞。另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一

9、個句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫另一個句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫從屬連詞從屬連詞。從。從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個到個到4個基本成個基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成分。的句子成分。簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結(jié)簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。作用中的一種。 作一種陳述作一種陳述 提出一個問題

10、提出一個問題 發(fā)出一種命令或請求發(fā)出一種命令或請求 表示一種感嘆表示一種感嘆examples:the boy hit the dog. / the dog bit the boy.the girl read the books. / the books pleased the girl.stephen apologized at once.does the shop close at 7 tonight?shut the door.what a slow train this is!簡單句的基本詞序簡單句的基本詞序主語主語動詞部分動詞部分賓語賓語 狀語狀語（謂語）（謂語） 方式方式 地點地點

11、時間時間iboughta hat yesterday.the children ran home.the taxi driver shouted at me angrily.we ate our meal in silence.the car stopped suddenly.a young girl walked confidently in the room.they drove him away in a police car.簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴展，簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴展，及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以

12、與其它短語（如狀語）連用及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進行擴展。進行擴展。i bought a rain coat with a warm lining.the dog jumped through the window.he is saving up to buy a mobile phone.a bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.he worked like a madman in the gard

13、en on saturday.the young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.兩個簡單句的主語可以連詞兩個簡單句的主語可以連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接等連詞連接組成一個簡單句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。組成一個簡單句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。the boss is flying to paris. his secretary is flying to paris. the boss and his secretary a

14、re flying to paris. both the boss and his secretary are flying to paris.the boss is flying to rome. his secretary is not flying to rome. the boss but not his secretary is flying to rome.the boss may be flying to berlin. his secretary may be flying to berlin. either the boss or his secretary is flyin

15、g to berlin.the boss is not flying to york. his secretary isnt flying to york. neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to york.主語、謂語、賓語的合并主語、謂語、賓語的合并兩個簡單句的賓語可由兩個簡單句的賓語可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成等連詞連接組成一個簡單句。一個簡單句。i met jane. i met her husband.i met jane and her husband.i met both jane and her husband.

16、it was cold. it was wet.it was cold and wet.i didnt meet jane. i didnt meet her husband.i didnt meet either jane or her husband. i met neither jane nor her husband.兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。we sang all night. we danced all night.we sang and danced all night.主語、謂語、賓語的合并主語、謂語、賓語的合并并列

17、句并列句需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句用或把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞并列連詞連接連接起來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個并列句。起來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個并列句。用分號：用分號：we fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分號，后跟一個連接副詞：用分號，后跟一個連接副詞：we fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列連詞（如用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等等）we fished all day, but (we) didnt catc

18、h a thing.并列句并列句常用并列連詞常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions 平行并列連詞平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor并列句并列句并列句的詞序：并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡單句并列句基本上保留了簡單句的詞序。的詞序。主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語 連詞連詞 主語主語 動詞動詞

19、表語表語jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.五種簡單句型可用五種簡單句型可用并列連詞并列連詞連接起來組成并列句。連接起來組成并列句。 主主 謂謂 狀（方式）狀（方式） 連連 主主 謂謂 表表frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.主主 謂謂 賓賓 連連 主主 謂謂 地點地點i ve got a cold, so i m going to bed. 主主 謂謂 賓賓 賓補賓補 連連 主主 謂謂 賓賓they made him chairman, but (they) didnt incre

20、ase his salary.exercise:請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。he was tired, so he went to bed.1. he was tired. he went to bed. 2. the child hid behind his mothers skirt. he was afraid of the dog.3. he made a promise. he didnt keep it.he made a promise, but he didnt keep it. the child hid behi

21、nd his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個完整的句子主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨立存在。它可以獨立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在。主句連用，不能獨立存在。復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接在一起構(gòu)成在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個句子由同等

22、重要，其中一個句子由從屬連詞從屬連詞引引導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 = 主句主句 + 從句從句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句：句： 1. 主語從句主語從句 2. 賓語從句賓語從句3. 表語從句表語從句 4. 定語從句定語從句5. 狀語從句狀語從句 6.

23、 同位語從句同位語從句 英文寫作中最常使用的從句英文寫作中最常使用的從句1. 賓語從句賓語從句2. 狀語從句狀語從句 3. 定語從句定語從句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句he told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.賓語賓語how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that i could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my

24、 car and that i couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for paris.that his fathered was working in that school.賓語從句賓語從句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句i dont know him.he has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.賓語從句賓語從句he i

25、s leaving for washington.that he is leaving for washington.when he is leaving for washington.why he is leaving for washington.how he is leaving for washington.whether he is leaving for washington.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句the people surprised that what he saidwhat he did主語主語t

26、hat he didnt know the answerin the room.定語定語who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句that is the fact.表表 語語what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.復(fù)合句與

27、簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句he worked in that factorythree years ago.地點狀語地點狀語時間狀語時間狀語where his father workedin that factorywhere i livedwhen he lived therehis father worked there.i lived there.he lived there three years ago.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地點狀語地點狀語where you found it.you cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.指出下列各從句的類型指出下列各從句的類型vi believe that everything is going on well.vshe was reading a novel when i came in.vshe is the girl who sings best in my class.