考研英語真題2007年

1、考研英語真題2007年Section Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.   By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million  (1)  of t

2、hese nations loved  (2)  to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence  (3)  the ideals of representative government, careers  (4)  to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the  (5)  to privat

3、e property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.  (6)  there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a  (7)  set of laws.   On the issue of  (8)  

4、of religion and the position of the church,  (9)  , there was less agreement  (10)  the leadership Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one  (11)  by the Spanish crown.  (12)  most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism  (13)  t

5、he official religion of the new states, some sought to end the  (14)   of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying  (15)  for the conservative forces.   The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everythi

6、ng. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had  (16)  in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's  (17)  colonies. Early premise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much  

7、;(18)  because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies  (19)  Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was  (20)  self-rule and democracy.1、 A natives             B inhabitants  

8、60;      C peoples            D individuals2、 A confusedly          B cheerfully          C worriedly           D hopefully3、 A shared             B f

9、orgot              C attained            D rejected4、 A related            B close              C open              D devoted5、 A acces

10、s              B succession          C right               D return6、 A Presumably         B Incidentally         C Obviously           D Ge

11、nerally7、 A unique            B common           C particular          D typical8、 A freedom            B origin              C impact      

12、       D reform9、 A therefore          B however           C indeed            D moreover10、 A with               B about              

13、C among             D by11、 A allowed            B preached          C granted           D funded12、 A Since              B If        

14、        C Unless             D While13、 A as               B for              C under            D against14、 A spread        

15、60;   B interference        C exclusion           D influence15、 A support             B cry                C plea               D wish16、 A urge

16、d             B intended           C expected          D promised17、 A controlling          B former             C remaining          D orig

17、inal18、 A slower             B faster             C easier             D tougher19、 A created             B produced           C contributed    

18、    D preferred20、 A puzzled by          B hostile to           C pessimistic about     D unprepared forSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

19、 A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1   If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months

20、of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.   What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certa

21、in astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.   Anders Erics

22、son, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above." Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His

23、first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Ericsson recalls. "He kept improving, and after about 200 ho

24、urs of training he had risen to over 80 numbers."   This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever i

25、nborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Delib

26、erate practice entails more than simply repeating a task, Rather: it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.   Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits,

27、including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put an

28、other way, expert performers-whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming- are nearly always made, not born.21、 The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to _.   A stress the importance of professional training   B spotlight the soccer supers

29、tars in the World Cup   C introduce the topic of what makes expert performance   D explain why some soccer teams play better than others22、 The underlined word "mania" (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means _.   A fun           

30、0;   B craze             C hysteria           D excitement23、 According to Ericsson, good memory _.   A depends on meaningful processing of information   B results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises 

31、60;C is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors   D requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration24、 Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _.   A talent is a dominating factor for professional success   B biographical data provide the

32、 key to excellent performance   C the role of talent tends to be overlooked   D high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture25、 Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?   A "Faith will move mountains."   &#

33、160;             B "One reaps what one sows."   C "Practice makes perfect."                    D "Like father, like son."Text 2   For the past several years, the Sunday n

34、ewspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn". People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal a

35、nd visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. What's the difference between love and fondness? Or what

36、is the nature of luck and coincidence? It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.   Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Ju

37、st what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?   The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as o

38、ften as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms; the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of

39、them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other sta

40、ndardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.   Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article

41、 "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?", Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict s

42、o well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership -that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled throug

43、h SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26、 Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?   A Answering philosophical questions.             B Folding or cutting

44、 paper into different shapes.   C Telling the differences between certain concepts. D Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27、 What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?   A People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. 

45、  B More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.   C The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.   D Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28、 People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high a

46、s vos Savant's because _.   A the scores are obtained through different computational procedures   B creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now   C vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat   D the defining characteristic

47、 of IQ tests has changed29、 We can conclude from the last paragraph that _.   A test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability   B IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated   C testing involves a lot of guesswork   D traditional tests ar

48、e out of date30、 What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests?   A Supportive.         B Skeptical.           C Impartial.           D Biased.Text 3   During the past generation, the American middle-class

49、 family that once could count on hard work and fair pay to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.   In ju

50、st one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have bu

51、dgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once has in times of financial setback- a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could sup

52、port the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.   During the same period, families have been asked

53、 to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of th

54、e past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the sh

55、are of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class

56、 family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and all he attendant need for physical and financial assistance - have jumped eightfold in just one generation.   From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise mor

57、e financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31、 Today's double-income families are at greater

58、financial risk in that _.   A the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared   B their chances of being laid off have greatly increased   C they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics   D they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance

59、32、 As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have _.   A a higher sense of security                    B less secured payments   C less change to invest                

60、        D a guaranteed future33、 According to the author, health-savings plans will _.   A help reduce the cost of healthcare              B popularize among the middle class   C compensate for the reduced pensions  

61、60;       D increase the families' investment risk34、 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.   A financial risks tend to outweigh political risks   B the middle class may face greater political challenges   C financial problems may bring a

62、bout political problems   D financial responsibility is an indicator of political status35、 Which of the following is the best title for this text?   A The Middle Class on the Alert.                B The Middle Class on the Cliff. 

63、60;C The Middle Class in Conflict.                 D The Middle Class in Ruins.Text 4   It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporati

64、on governance, a new problem threatens to earn them - especially in American-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as

65、 banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.   Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year- from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applicati

66、ons International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeleyhave left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.   "Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as ally other asset,

67、" says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University's business school. "The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders". Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), p

68、erhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Norm of New York's Columbia Business School. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one." he says.   The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore