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1、20102015年全國卷中長難句分析準確理解長難句是考生應該掌握的一項閱讀技能。遇到長難句,我們要善 于分析句子結構,先判斷句子的主干部分 (主謂賓,或主系表 ),而句子的修飾、 補充成分,可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后,再理解修飾、補充 成分。以下是 20102015 年全國卷中出現(xiàn)的長難句,如果這些句子的結構你都 能理清,這些句子的意思你都能理解,今年高考英語閱讀理解就不難了!1. (2015 全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 B 篇)Delighted as I was by the tomatoes insight, my happiness deepenedwhen I learn

2、ed that Brown' s Grove Farmis one of thesuppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, whereluckily for me 1 was planning to have dinner that very night.分析:as引導的是讓步狀語從句,從句用了倒裝結構,表語前置; when 引導的是時間狀 語從句;在時間狀語從句中包含了由 where 引導的是定語從句,修飾先行詞 restaurant。句意:眼前的西紅柿令我欣喜不已

3、,當我聽說朗的格魯夫農(nóng)場是杰克達斯 蒂餐廳的供應商之一時,我更加高興了。杰克達斯蒂餐廳是薩拉索塔麗思卡爾 頓酒店新開張的一家餐廳 我感到很幸運 那天晚上我計劃去那吃晚飯。2. (2015 全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 C篇)The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admirationfor the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures,drawings and

4、 more.分析: The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration為 句子的主干, bringing together .是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語,修飾 an exhibition 。句意:巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出 200 多幅油畫、雕塑和素描等作品,以 此表達對這位藝術家及其偉大人格的尊敬和欽佩。3. (2015全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 D 篇) If life weren't a battle, people wouldnneed a special place just to speal分析:本

5、句If引導的條件狀語從句用了虛擬語氣;主句中的just to speak作定語修飾place。句意:如果人生不是一場戰(zhàn)爭,人們也不會需要一個僅僅去說話的特殊場 所了。4. (2015 全國新課標 I 閱讀七選五)But you can ' t be successful when there lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.分析:本句中 when引導的是時間狀語從句; tha

6、t引導的是定語從句,修飾先行詞 a lack of trust。此外,句中還包含一個 where 引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞 action。句意:但如果一段關系中缺乏信任,過錯之人不為錯誤負責,你也無法獲 得成功。5. (2015 全國新課標 II 閱讀理解 B 篇)Dark environments are more likely toreen courage overeat ing, for people areofte n less self-c on scious難為情)whe n they ' in poorly lit placesand so more likely to

7、 eat lots of food.分析: 本句中 for 引導表示原因的分句,分句中 less-conscious和后面的so morelikely to eat lots of food 是并列表語,分句中還有一個由 when 引導的時間狀語從句。句意:黑暗環(huán)境更容易鼓勵過量飲食,因人們在燈光昏暗的地方很少會難 為情所以更可能吃大量食物。6. (2015 全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 C篇)The gap-year phenomenon originated起 源)with the mon ths left over to 分析: 本句中,句子主干是 The gap-yearphe nomen

8、on orig in ated(起源)with the mon ths , left over to Oxbridge applica nts 是 過去分詞短語作后置定語,betwee nand是介詞短語作定語,修飾的都是the months。句意:間隔年現(xiàn)象起源于牛津大學和劍橋大學申請在 11 月份入學考試至下 一學年開始前空出的那幾個月時間。7. (2015全國新課標 I 閱讀七選五 ) No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on yourfeet, so you have to rely on you

9、r experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.分析:本句是由 so 連接的兩個并列句; which 引導的是賓語從句,作 say 的賓語;as you shop是由as引導的時間狀語從句。句意:沒人能說哪個品牌最適合你或你穿哪一雙腳最舒服,因此在購買 時,你不得不根據(jù)你的經(jīng)驗和對每一雙鞋的感覺。8. (2014 全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 A 篇)The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and14 to create artwork

10、 or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. 分析: that 引 導定語從句,在定語從句中, their curiosity 和 how 引導的從句并列作 show 的賓 語。句意:這個挑戰(zhàn)賽邀請,甚至挑戰(zhàn) 5到 14 歲的在校生創(chuàng)作藝術品或?qū)懸黄?文章,來展示他們的好奇心,并告訴我們它如何激發(fā)他們?nèi)ヌ剿髯晕沂澜纭?. (2014 全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 B 篇)It was calculated that when its populat

11、ion reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pige ons nu mber equal to 24 to 40 perce nt of the total bird populatio n in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.分析:本句在“It be過去分詞+that從句”結構;從句中含有 when引導的時 間狀語從句; 3 billion passengerpigeons和 a

12、 number equal 是同位關系。此外, 還有一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語 “ mak in g 作結果狀語。句意:據(jù)統(tǒng)計,當旅鴿數(shù)量達到最多時,曾超過了 30 億只,這個數(shù)量相當 于美國鳥類總數(shù)的 24%-40%,使旅鴿成為世界上數(shù)量最為龐大的鳥類。10. (2014 全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 C篇)This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are le

13、ft confused by all of the conflicting information .分析:本句中because引導的是原因狀語從句,從句中 while引導的是時間 狀語從句;此外, which 引導賓語從句,作 about 的賓語; who 引導賓語從句, 修飾先行詞 people。句意:這讓我陷入無休無止的煩惱之中,因為當所有的專家們都在忙著辯 論哪個選擇最好時,那些想改善自己生活的人們卻被所有這些矛盾的信息弄得 困惑不堪。11. (2014 全國新課標 I 閱讀七選五)By helping them develop classic skills that will ser

14、ve them well no matter what the future holds.分析:that引導的是定語從句,修飾先行詞skills;從句中還含有一個nomatter what 引導的狀語從句。句意:不管未來如何變化,幫助他們開發(fā)經(jīng)典的技能會對他們大有幫助 的。12. (2014 全國新課標 II 閱讀理解 A 篇)He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonelyin a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting a

15、ll the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one分析:句子的主干是 He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and Ion ely in stra nge city在此處為形容詞短語,作補語,用來補充形容主語 he當時的心情。thinking of為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,在現(xiàn)在分詞短語中, organized為過去分詞作 get的賓補,from a distant count

16、ry為介詞短語作狀語。 此外, while trying to settle down in a new one 為時間狀語。句意:他向警方報了案,然后失落孤獨地坐在一個陌生的城市里,想著要 在一個遙遠的國家把所有的材料重新整理是多么的麻煩,而同時他還要試著在 一個新的國家安頓下來。13. (2014全國新課標 I 閱讀七選五 ) The moments when I think cooking is apain are when I ' m already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat .分析:第一個when引導定語從句,修飾

17、先行詞 moment, “ cooking 為賓 語從句,作think的賓語;后面的when引導的從句由and連接的兩個并列句構 成,作句子的表語。句意:當我已經(jīng)餓了卻沒有準備好可以吃的東西的時候,我認為做飯是一 種痛苦。14. (2013 全國新課標 I C篇)However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggestedhe had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.分析:本句中 in a

18、way 為介詞短語作方式狀語; which 引導的定語從句修飾 先行詞 way; he had no idea of his background at all為省略了引導詞 that 的賓語 從句,作suggested的賓語。句意:但是他接下來談論奧巴馬的方式表明他對奧巴馬的背景一無所知。15. (2013 全國新課標 II 閱讀理解 A 篇)lt further requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doct

19、ors from voicing opinions again.分析: 本句中 that引導賓語從句,從句中 when 引導的是時間狀語從句, which 引導的是非限制性定語從句,指代先行詞 overreact。句意:它進一步要求,當碰到與自己相反的意見時,醫(yī)生不能反應過度, 那樣可能會讓其他醫(yī)生下次不敢說出自己的看法。16. (2013 全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 B 篇)Today the“Fringe ” , once lessrecognized, has far outgrown thefestival with around 1,500 performances of theatr

20、e, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts分 析: 本句中 “ once less recognized為省略句,省略了 it was;此外還含有一個 with sth. on結構,on在 此處意為 上演”;“ it last是定語從句,修飾先行詞21days。句意:曾經(jīng)不被怎么人們認可的 “藝穗節(jié) ”如今的規(guī)模已經(jīng)遠遠超越了藝術 節(jié),在藝為期 21 天的活動中,每天要上演約 1500場戲劇、音樂和舞蹈。17. (2013 全國新課標 I 閱讀理解 C篇)Given that many people's moods 情

21、 緒)are regulated by the chemical acti on of chocolate, it was probably on ly a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine.分析:given that意為 考慮到,鑒于情況”引導原因狀語從句;主句中 還含有一個 before 引導的時間狀語從句。句意:鑒于很多人的情緒是由巧克力的化學作用來調(diào)節(jié)的,那么有人把巧 克力商店做成好像中藥店一樣可能只是個時間問題了。18.

22、(2012 全國新課標閱讀理解 B 篇)Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from timeto time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.分析:Once引導的是條件狀語從句,waiting from time to time for 為現(xiàn)在 分詞短語做伴隨狀語; as 引導的是原因狀語從句。句意:一旦吸引了他們的注意,它就飛過森林,并時不時地等著那好奇的 動物或人跟上來,因為它要帶著他們找到蜂巢。19.

23、(2012 全國新課標閱讀理解 C篇)An actor and actress stood infront of thescene so that they looked as ifthey were at the water' s edge on an island.分析:so that引導的是結果狀語從句;as if引導的是表語從句。句意:一名男演員和一名女演員站在場景前,好讓他們看起來像是站在一 個小島的水邊。20. (2011 全國新課標閱讀理解 C篇)Theyare among the growing number ofAmerica ns who,drive n by hi

24、gher liv ing costs and a falli ng economy經(jīng)濟),have take n up vegetable gardening for the first time.分析:句子主干是 They are among the grow ing nu mber of America ns?!?drive n by higher 是過去分詞短語作定語,修飾America ns; “ who,have take n up vegetablegarde ning for the first tim是 定語從”句,修飾 Americans。句意:越來越多的美國人迫于生活成本的

25、上升和經(jīng)濟的衰退,首次開始經(jīng) 營蔬菜園子,他們就在其中。21. (2011 全國新課標閱讀理解 D 篇)When you join the them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you willbe providing assistance within all parts of the RevenueDivision, dealing with post and other general duties.分析: when 引導的是時間狀語 從句;“dealing with是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。句意:當你加入我們財務管理單位的這團隊,你將協(xié)助財務

26、部各部門的工 作,處理郵件和其他日常事務。22. (2010 大綱卷 II 閱讀理解 A 篇)One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoeverwas sick and just be with them.分析:本句中 that 引導定語從句,修飾先行詞 the thing,that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.中 that 引導表語從句,to 后又接一個 賓語從句,表示無論是誰生病, and 并列 would go 和 be

27、 with。句意:最感動我的一件事情是無論誰生病了,狗狗都在其身邊陪伴著他。23. (2010 大綱卷 I 閱讀理解 C篇)Mr.Wei,a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing,sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe, In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China.分析:a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing作為 Mr. Wei 的同位 語,that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe?丨導一個定 語從句修飾ind

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