如何編寫施工組織設(shè)計(jì)

1、barriers. (2) bench temporary protective railings on each side. (3) the top of the stairs, railings or temporary guardrails installed with the construction. (4) the bar should brush color. 4, balcony side: use formal balcony fence-slab, floor installation or the installation of a temporary fence. sp

2、acing greater than 2 m to set up columns (ibid.). 5, frame structures: (1) when scaffold is not less than operations, equipped with operatingsociety; after after 60 years of development, the socialist society more full of life and vigor. the remarkable sign is in china adhere to the basic principles

3、 of scientific socialism, not lost ancestors, always adhere to dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the theoretical foundation, adhere to the to the realization of communism as the supreme ideal, adhere to the party of the working class as the core of leadership, insist to liberate

4、and develop productivity is the fundamental task, adhere to represent the most numerous peoples fundamental interests, adhere to public ownership and according to work, distribution is the basis of the socialist economic system, adhere to the position of the people as masters of the country is the e

5、ssential characteristic of the socialist democratic politics, adhere to reform and improve the socialist system and institutional mechanisms, and so on. at the same time, our country socialist and with distinct chinese characteristics, the road of socialism with chinese characteristics, the system o

6、f theories of socialism with chinese characteristics and the socialist system with chinese characteristics, are deeply rooted in the creative practice of hundreds of millions of peoples indomitable, timely response to practice innovation theory calls, rich heritage of both historical and cultural tr

7、aditions of the chinese nation, and let the chinese people love to see and hear the chinese style and chinese style, comply with the requirements of the development of the times, reflect the common aspiration of the people, with distinct characteristics of the practice, theoretical characteristics,

8、national characteristics, characteristics of the times. therefore, it can always maintain the vigor and vitality, and always guide contemporary china along the right direction stride forward. so we must always hold high the great banner of socialism with chinese characteristics unswervingly. on the

9、other hand, chinas socialist society is still in primary stage, which is chinas construction of socialist modernization insurmountable historical stage, the need for hundreds of years time. chinas socialist system was born in semi colonial and semi feudal society, productivity level is far behind in

10、 the developed capitalist countries, which determines the our country must experience a long primary stage, to realize in other countries under the conditions of capitalism to achieve industrialization and production in the market, socialization and modernization. today, our country socialism has ma

11、de remarkable tremendous to accelerate the pace of achievements, but our country fundamental realities of the country is still has a large population, weak thin, development is not balanced. chinas economy has leapt to the world, but the per capita gross domestic product is still ranked in the world

12、 the 90%; economic sustained and rapid development, but the development is not balanced, coordinated, can not be continued problems are still prominent, the transformation of economic developmentmanipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in indus

13、trial automation. industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. especially at

14、 high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. precisely because of this robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. labor rates, working conditions

15、, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. both at home and abroad to develop the plc (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technolo

16、gy and the rapid development of the trains, the success of plc hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capita

17、l, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial plc applications became ubiquitous. manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industr

18、y has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the internat

19、ional. the design is mainly arm welding machine by plc automation control. this of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope d

20、esigners can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of de

21、velopment, makes mechanical arm on the grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. as the f

22、irst generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. second generation mechanical arms are

23、 equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. difference is that the robot begand如何編寫施工組織設(shè)計(jì)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)作為指導(dǎo)擬建工程施工全過程中各項(xiàng)施工活動(dòng)的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和組織的綜合性文件，具有舉足輕重的作用?，F(xiàn)代的建筑工程比以往更復(fù)雜，使用機(jī)具種類繁多，經(jīng)過經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累，可以采用的施工方法也多樣化，因此，選

24、用不同的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)，將會(huì)給工程的工期進(jìn)度、工程質(zhì)量、安全等帶來不同的結(jié)果，并且關(guān)系到施工企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的投入、產(chǎn)出，直接影響到施工企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。施工組織設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于施工企業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化管理也有相當(dāng)重要的作用。施工企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理素質(zhì)和水平的提高、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)都仰仗施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編制和實(shí)施。通過施工組織設(shè)計(jì)，可以預(yù)計(jì)施工過程中可能發(fā)生的各種情況，事先作好準(zhǔn)備、預(yù)防，為施工企業(yè)實(shí)施施工準(zhǔn)備工作計(jì)劃提供依據(jù)；可以把擬建工程的實(shí)際與施工、技術(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)、前方與后方和施工企業(yè)的全部施工安排與具體工程的施工組織工作更緊密的結(jié)合起來，因此，對(duì)于一個(gè)擬建工程來說，如果施工組織設(shè)計(jì)編制得合理，能正確反映客觀實(shí)際，符合建

25、設(shè)單位和設(shè)計(jì)單位的要求，并且在施工過程中貫徹執(zhí)行，就可以保證擬建工程施工的順利進(jìn)行，取得好、快、省和安全的效果。一個(gè)完整的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)包括：編制依據(jù)、編制說明、工程概況、施工方法、施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃、施工總平面布置、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組織機(jī)構(gòu)及質(zhì)量保證體系、保證質(zhì)量的技術(shù)措施計(jì)劃和施工過程中的質(zhì)量管理計(jì)劃、安全保證措施計(jì)劃、冬、雨、夜施工措施計(jì)劃、防汛防臺(tái)拖航措施計(jì)劃、工程用料計(jì)劃、船機(jī)使用計(jì)劃、勞動(dòng)力使用計(jì)劃，還應(yīng)包括主要構(gòu)件模板設(shè)計(jì)、主要臨時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)等。雖然各項(xiàng)工程的結(jié)構(gòu)形式、所處地理位置、自然條件各不相同，所包含的施工內(nèi)容也較多，但針對(duì)不同的施工項(xiàng)目，編寫施工組織設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，同樣應(yīng)遵循以下原則：（1）、必須

26、按規(guī)定的施工期限，在保證工程質(zhì)量和安全施工的前提下，以盡可能快的速度完成或提前完成工程施工任務(wù)，并交付使用，及早發(fā)揮效益。（2）、按照各個(gè)分項(xiàng)工程規(guī)定的施工順序和期限，依次將人力、物理集中使用，特別要注意集中力量進(jìn)行主體工程和對(duì)工程進(jìn)度起控制作用的項(xiàng)目的施工；要綜合組織不同工種之間的平行施工和流水施工，以加快施工進(jìn)度。（3）、盡可能確保全年性施工，要注意冬季、夏季和雨季工程施工的組織，盡量減少在這些季節(jié)里進(jìn)行施工的附加費(fèi)用。（4）、在選擇施工方案時(shí)，盡量采用機(jī)械化施工，減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高施工效率。（5）、作好人力、物力的綜合平衡，力爭(zhēng)均衡施工。（6）、盡量縮減臨時(shí)建筑工程量，可提前修建永久性的

27、結(jié)構(gòu)物（如倉庫、道路、供電、供水系統(tǒng)等）和房屋，特別對(duì)施工附屬企業(yè)與生活用房應(yīng)與以后該地區(qū)建設(shè)事業(yè)的發(fā)展和工程管理的要求統(tǒng)一考慮，以便工程竣工后，仍能繼續(xù)使用。（7）、在建筑材料供應(yīng)方面，應(yīng)貫徹勤儉節(jié)約的原則，最大限度地采用當(dāng)?shù)夭牧希瑴p少三大材（鋼材、木材、水泥）的用量，降低工程造價(jià)。 現(xiàn)結(jié)合一工程實(shí)例談?wù)勛约簩?duì)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編制的一點(diǎn)看法：實(shí)例：該工程為電廠灰壩工程，計(jì)劃工期3個(gè)月，工程造價(jià)438萬元，主體工程為土方工程（平面圖及斷面見附圖）。編制依據(jù)：作為施工組織設(shè)計(jì)編制的依據(jù)，應(yīng)包括設(shè)計(jì)文件、施工合同、設(shè)計(jì)變更、所采用的技術(shù)規(guī)范及質(zhì)量評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等內(nèi)容。該工程對(duì)本單位來說是一跨行業(yè)的工程，因

28、此，規(guī)范及評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采用電力系統(tǒng)的體系，結(jié)合本單位施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)編制施工組織設(shè)計(jì)。工程概況：工程所處的地理位置、工程規(guī)模、工程結(jié)構(gòu)型式、主要尺度、主要工程量及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)自然條件等直接影響到施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編制內(nèi)容，施工方法等。因此編制前應(yīng)認(rèn)真作好實(shí)地考察，仔細(xì)了解工程所處地的情況，以便有針對(duì)性地選擇施工方案。如該工程所處地為平原，地下水位較高，對(duì)此，應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)的排水措施，在井點(diǎn)排水及明溝排水方案中作出選擇。主要工序的施工方法：此項(xiàng)為施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)，主要包括工藝流程和施工方法，施工方法應(yīng)對(duì)本工程的特殊項(xiàng)目詳細(xì)論述，以最大限度地對(duì)施工進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)。該工程中，土方填筑為重點(diǎn)，且以前的施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)并不多，只有詳盡的考慮可

29、能碰到的問題，才可能在實(shí)際施工過程中忙而不亂。（1）、清除腐植土過后，應(yīng)根據(jù)地質(zhì)資料顯示的情況劃分取土區(qū)域，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中還應(yīng)及時(shí)調(diào)整；因當(dāng)?shù)氐牡叵滤惠^高與取土深度較大這一矛盾的存在，應(yīng)采取適當(dāng)?shù)呐潘胧?，考慮到取土范圍較大，可以對(duì)取土區(qū)進(jìn)行分割交叉取土，因此采用明溝和井點(diǎn)相結(jié)合的排水方式，在最小的耗用下取得了最好的效果。 （2）、因該工程工程量較大，工期短，并且四道工序交叉施工，為此，決定土方工程和石方工程同時(shí)施工，將壩體分成內(nèi)外兩個(gè)部分，壩基開挖完成之后，先對(duì)內(nèi)部施工，外部石方工程同時(shí)施工，嚴(yán)格按規(guī)范及設(shè)計(jì)要求對(duì)土方進(jìn)行留槎以便外部施工時(shí)搭接。（3）、溢流口工程因有四米多高，一般情況下應(yīng)支

30、立腳手架進(jìn)行施工，但考慮到施工成本及施工進(jìn)度（溢流口完成之后，才能將壩體完全填筑完成），決定放棄腳手架，溢流口與壩體土方同時(shí)施工，土料上一層，塊石砌一層，最大限度地防止工序間互相干擾。（4）、壩體土方填筑為該工程的重點(diǎn)，土料密實(shí)度直接影響到工程質(zhì)量。因此，該分項(xiàng)工程開始施工時(shí)，先進(jìn)行典型施工，確定土料碾壓機(jī)具、碾壓參數(shù)，并在實(shí)際施工過程中嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行；施工中，土料碾壓完成之后，按設(shè)計(jì)要求每500m3 取試樣一組（三個(gè)試件），測(cè)定其含水量、干密度確定其是否合格。施工過程中，還應(yīng)注意車輛機(jī)具使用方法，工序交接處應(yīng)注意控制，防止相互擾亂。在冬季施工時(shí)，應(yīng)注意防凍，土料凍結(jié)之后，應(yīng)停止施工，不得勉強(qiáng)，防止

31、造成質(zhì)量事故。上述施工工藝的編寫，對(duì)該工程各重點(diǎn)部分、工序交叉都有詳盡的解釋及指導(dǎo)方法，對(duì)施工中注意點(diǎn)、施工重點(diǎn)都突地出表現(xiàn)了出來。施工總平面布置：重點(diǎn)突出工程的施工基線、臨時(shí)供水、供電、臨時(shí)施工道路及臨時(shí)建筑物等。該工程中，應(yīng)考慮到機(jī)械停放位置、臨時(shí)辦公室、石料堆放場(chǎng)地不得與施工機(jī)械運(yùn)行路線相干擾，排水路線應(yīng)接近原有排水溝等等。施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃表：根據(jù)工程的特點(diǎn)及合同工期的要求，指出工序之間的相互關(guān)系，根據(jù)互不排斥、互不影響的原則排列。在本工程中，因受天氣影響較大，應(yīng)充分考慮到雨季對(duì)土料含水量的影響，以至影響到施工進(jìn)度。最主要的應(yīng)考慮到各項(xiàng)工序之間的協(xié)調(diào)，防止出現(xiàn)應(yīng)一道工序未完成而影響整體工期的

32、現(xiàn)象。船機(jī)使用計(jì)劃、勞動(dòng)力施工計(jì)劃：現(xiàn)代化施工中，機(jī)械使用較多，特別是該工程中的土方工程，全部由機(jī)械完成，勞動(dòng)力使用較少；而石方工程除運(yùn)料使用機(jī)械外，其他均為人工完成，因此在這兩個(gè)分部工程的勞動(dòng)力使用計(jì)劃中應(yīng)各有所突出。材料使用計(jì)劃：材料使用計(jì)劃應(yīng)根據(jù)施工進(jìn)度來決定。該工程中，需要購進(jìn)的材料主要是塊石及水泥等，雖然種類種類較少，但進(jìn)度安排不當(dāng)，將會(huì)造成施工場(chǎng)地混亂或因石料缺少而無法施工。對(duì)于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組織機(jī)構(gòu)、質(zhì)量保證體系、保證質(zhì)量的技術(shù)措施計(jì)劃和施工過程中的質(zhì)量管理計(jì)劃、安全保證措施計(jì)劃、冬季施工措施計(jì)劃等須按照工程規(guī)模、工程內(nèi)容針對(duì)重點(diǎn)突出安排。該工程中，因工程量相對(duì)其他大型工程來說較小，施工工

33、序較少，因此現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組織機(jī)構(gòu)可以精簡(jiǎn)，但質(zhì)量、安全等方面的措施計(jì)劃必須全面并突出控制重點(diǎn)。以上結(jié)合一施工實(shí)例，對(duì)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編寫作出一點(diǎn)分析?？傊?，各施工項(xiàng)目存在著或大或小的差異，工程從結(jié)構(gòu)到形式也各有各的特點(diǎn)，因此，施工組織設(shè)計(jì)編制時(shí)應(yīng)突出這些特點(diǎn)，安排合理的施工方法、順序。施工組織設(shè)計(jì)最終是為施工服務(wù)的，必須將它結(jié)合到施工中去，在施工過程中不斷加以完善，不斷積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為以后相似的工程提供比較科學(xué)的參考。barriers. (2) bench temporary protective railings on each side. (3) the top of the stairs, raili

34、ngs or temporary guardrails installed with the construction. (4) the bar should brush color. 4, balcony side: use formal balcony fence-slab, floor installation or the installation of a temporary fence. spacing greater than 2 m to set up columns (ibid.). 5, frame structures: (1) when scaffold is not

35、less than operations, equipped with operatingmode and deepen the reform task of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, but the industry is big and not strong, agricultural base is still weak, rural development is relatively lagging behind, farmers income difficult problem is

36、 still a lot of; ideological and moral construction has made important progress, but some areas of moral anomie, integrity deletion the national peoples life has reached a comparatively well-off level, but the gap between urban and rural areas and residents income distribution is stillalthough large

37、, education, employment, social security and other vital interests of the masses is also more, part of the life of the masses remains difficult; the creative vitality of society generally increased, but the impact social harmony and stability of the various contradictions also many; and so on. these

38、 shows, our country is still in and will remain so for a long time the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism has not changed, the peoples growing material and cultural needs with the contradiction between the backward social production, the social principal contradiction does n

39、ot change, our countrys international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed. i have to the problem, make decisions, do things, to promote reform and development of the any aspect of any field, should be firmly based on the primary stage of socialism, the largest pract

40、ical, do is not beyond the stage, and is not backward reality, both best effort, and our capabilities. the main content is what? , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, the party honest self-discipline norms and the leadership of the party members and cadres self-discipline norms 3 parts, the

41、 main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, the fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must principle, emphasized self-discipline, accept higher request for self-discipline supervision subject. f

42、inally, the foothold in maintaining the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised guidelines. party members standard part around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance and bitter and music the relationship

43、 between the four norms. party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant character, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the lead

44、ership of the party members and cadres four norms. the party member of self-discipline norms and party members guide cadre is clean fingered self-discipline norms, a total of eight, collectively referred to as the eight code . four must eight codemanipulator control mode and programmable controllers

45、 introduction 2.1 select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipmen

46、t. so he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. spring f

47、or the development of chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. in terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) programmable logical controller (referr