外文翻譯---冷沖壓模具發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀

1、外文翻譯 狀冷沖壓模具發(fā)展現(xiàn)附錄A冷沖壓模具發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀模具是高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的一個組成部分，是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ)裝備.用模 具生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，其價值往往是模具價值的幾十倍。模具技術(shù)是一門技術(shù)綜合性 強(qiáng)的精密基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備技術(shù)，涉及新技術(shù)、新工藝、新材料、新設(shè)備的開發(fā)與 推廣應(yīng)用.是冶金、材料、計量、機(jī)電一體化、計算機(jī)等多門學(xué)科以及鑄、鍛、 熱處理、機(jī)加工、檢測等諸多工種共同打造的系統(tǒng)工程。用模具生產(chǎn)制品具有 高效率、低消耗、高一致性、高精度和高復(fù)雜程度等特點，這是其他任何加工 制造方法所不及的。目前，模具制造業(yè)己成為與高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)互為依托的產(chǎn)業(yè), 模具工業(yè)技術(shù)水平的高低己成為衡量國家制造業(yè)水平的重要標(biāo)志之

2、一。對任何 國家來說，制造產(chǎn)業(yè)是綜合國力及技術(shù)水平的體現(xiàn).而模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展是制造 產(chǎn)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。針對這種情況，國家出臺了相應(yīng)的政策，正積極發(fā)展模具 制造產(chǎn)業(yè)。一、冷沖模具工業(yè)歷史悠久冷沖壓加工工藝在我國已有悠久的歷史。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載：我國勞動人民遠(yuǎn)在 青銅時期就發(fā)現(xiàn)了金屬具有錘擊變形的性能,到了戰(zhàn)國時代（公元前403 一前221 年）已經(jīng)能煉劍淬火。我們的祖先在2300年前已掌握了錘擊金屬制造兵器和各 種日用品技術(shù)。在漫長的封建社會時期，我國勞動人民在金、銀、銅裝飾品和 日用品的制作中，更是顯示出了精巧的工藝技術(shù)和高超的藝術(shù)水平，令人嘆為 觀止。近代，從上個世紀(jì)20年代開始，金屬制品、玩具和小

3、五金等行業(yè)就開始使 用沖床、壓力機(jī)等簡易機(jī)械設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的模具加工產(chǎn)品的毛坯或某些零部件， 其中的“刀口模子”專門用于落料、沖孔，“塢工模子”可用于金屬拉伸。由 于生產(chǎn)力較為低下，技術(shù)水平不夠.當(dāng)時各廠使用的沖壓設(shè)備功率都不大，甚 至大多還是手扳腳踏。模具加工業(yè)以手工為主，故而模具的精度不高，損壞率 大。直到20世紀(jì)40年代初，出現(xiàn)水壓機(jī)冷沖模具。50年代公私合營后.增添 了磨床、銃床和鋸床等設(shè)備，又配上硬度計、外徑內(nèi)徑測定器和塊規(guī)等較為精 密的測量設(shè)備，冷沖模具的精度得以提高。六七十年代，隨著產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)大量使 用沖壓機(jī)床，冷沖模具已從原來單沖落料、單沖孔模具發(fā)展為落料、沖孔復(fù)合 模。同時由于冷沖

4、模架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的出現(xiàn)，使模具設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)形式多樣化，精度也由 此提高。與此同時.隨著熱處理技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和檢測手段的完善，冷沖模具使用 壽命提高57倍。這一時期.還由于成型磨削、電脈沖和線切割機(jī)等機(jī)床相繼 使用，又采用硬質(zhì)合金為模具材料，冷沖模具的制作工藝有了新的發(fā)展。設(shè)計 人員改進(jìn)制模工藝，具有自動送料、自動理片和接料裝置的復(fù)合模具大量問世。 靠模銃床引進(jìn)后，用石膏、術(shù)?；?qū)嵨锛纯煞瞥鱿嗤螤畹哪Ｐ?，使?fù)合托 深模具的制作方便了許多，確保了精度。70年代以后，使用斜度線切割機(jī)加工 冷沖模具.其凸模（沖頭）和凹?？上却慊鹛幚碓偾懈钛b配，取代了原來冷沖模 具制作需要熱處理一裝配一變形修正的繁瑣工藝，模具的

5、精度可達(dá)到0. Olramo 可以說這段時間我國的模具產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展日新月異。二、冷沖模具工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀到了 21世紀(jì).隨著計算機(jī)軟件的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步.CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)日臻成 熟，其現(xiàn)代模具中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。目前我國沖壓模具無論在數(shù)量上，還是 在質(zhì)量、技術(shù)和能力等方面都已有了很大發(fā)展，但與國民經(jīng)濟(jì)需求和世界先進(jìn) 水平相比，仍具有較大的差異，一些大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長壽命的高檔模具每 年仍大量進(jìn)口，特別是中高檔轎車的覆蓋件模具。目前仍主要依靠進(jìn)口。而一 些低檔次的簡單沖模，則已供過于求，市場競爭非常激烈。根據(jù)中國模具工業(yè)協(xié)會的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，2009年中國模具進(jìn)出口總額為38. 07 億美元，比上年下降3

6、. 03%。其中進(jìn)口總額為1964億美元，同比減少2%； 出口總額為18. 43億美元，同比減少411%。按模具種類分.進(jìn)出口最高的 仍是塑料橡膠模具，分別占了進(jìn)出口額的50. 12%和70. 26%；其次是沖壓模 具，分別占了進(jìn)出口額的42. 42%和2207%。按進(jìn)口貨源地分，進(jìn)口模具主 要來自日本、韓國、德國，其次是中國臺灣、美國、加拿大、意大利、新加坡、 丹麥和法國；按出口目的地分，中國出口模具的市場主要是香港、美國和日本.其 次是德國、印度、中國臺灣、法國、巴西、韓國和越南；按出口貨源地分，出 口模具主要來自廣東、浙江和江蘇。從進(jìn)出口模具價格方面分析.2009年出口 沖壓模具平均每噸

7、價8894. 5美元.比上年上升13. 5%；出口塑料橡膠模具平 均每套價963美元，比上年上升15. 6%。如果與進(jìn)口價相比較，沖壓模具平均 每噸進(jìn)出口之比為18： 1；塑料橡膠模具平均每套進(jìn)出口之比為2. 5： lo與 上年相比，差距明顯縮小。中國模具工業(yè)協(xié)會的分析指出，從上述價格可看出， 中國出E1模具的技術(shù)含量和附加值比上年又有了上升，與進(jìn)口模具相比，技術(shù) 和價格差距也在不斷縮小，充分體現(xiàn)出了 2009年中國模具產(chǎn)業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。三、冷沖模具的發(fā)展方向發(fā)展模具工業(yè)的關(guān)鍵是制造模具的技術(shù)、相關(guān)人才以及模具材料。模具技 術(shù)的發(fā)展是模具工業(yè)發(fā)展最關(guān)鍵的一個因素，其發(fā)展方向應(yīng)該為適應(yīng)模具產(chǎn)品 “

8、交貨期短”、“精度高”、“質(zhì)量好”和“價格低”的要求服務(wù)。為此，急 需發(fā)展如下幾項：1. 全面推廣模具CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)：隨著微機(jī)軟件發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，普及CAD /CAM/ CAE技術(shù)的條件已基本成熟，各企業(yè)需要加大CAD / CAM技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和技術(shù) 服務(wù)的力度，同時進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大CAE技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍。計算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展可以 促進(jìn)CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)跨地區(qū)、跨企業(yè)、跨院所地在整個行業(yè)中推廣，實現(xiàn) 技術(shù)資源重新整合。使虛擬制造成為可能。2. 模具掃描及數(shù)字化系統(tǒng)：高速掃描機(jī)和模具掃描系統(tǒng)具備從模型或?qū)嵨?掃描到加工出期望的模型所需的諸多功能，這樣可以大大縮短模具研制制造周 期。將快速掃描系統(tǒng)

9、安裝在已有的數(shù)控銃床及加工中心上，可以實現(xiàn)快速數(shù)據(jù) 采集、自動生成各種不同數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的加工程序、不同格式的CAD數(shù)據(jù)，用于模 具制造業(yè)的“逆向工程”。3. 電火花加工：電火花加工(EDM)雖然已受到高速銃削的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，但其 固有特性和獨特的加工方法是高速銃削所不能完全替代的。例如對模具的復(fù)雜 型面、深窄小型腔、尖角、窄縫、溝槽、深坑等處的加工，EDM有其無可比擬的 優(yōu)點。復(fù)雜、精密小型腔及微細(xì)型腔和去除刀痕、完成尖角、窄縫、溝槽、深 坑加工及花紋加工等，將是今后EDM應(yīng)用的重點。為了在模具加工中進(jìn)一步發(fā) 揮其獨特的作用，今后將不斷提高EDM的效率、自動化程度、加工的表面完整 性和設(shè)備的精密化和大

10、型化，作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，綠色EDM新技術(shù)是未來重 要發(fā)展趨勢。4優(yōu)質(zhì)材料及先進(jìn)表面處理技術(shù)：選用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材和應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的表面處理技術(shù)來提高模具的壽命就顯得十分必要。5. 模具研磨拋光將自動化、智能化：模具表面的質(zhì)量對模具使用壽命、制 件外觀質(zhì)量等方面均有較大的影響，研究自動化、智能化的研磨與拋光方法替 代現(xiàn)有手工操作，提高模具表面質(zhì)量是重要的發(fā)展趨勢。6. 模具的失效原因有很多.材料方面的原因占較大的比重，據(jù)資料統(tǒng)計， 因選材和用材不當(dāng)，致使模具過早失效。大約占失效模具的45%以上。另一方 面，在整個模具價格構(gòu)成中，材料所占比重不大。一般在20% 30%。因此， 十分有必要選用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材和應(yīng)用表面

11、處理技術(shù)來提高模具的壽命。模具用鋼要 采用電渣重熔工藝。如采用粉末冶金工藝制造的粉末高速鋼等。目前，模具鋼 品種規(guī)格多樣化、產(chǎn)品精細(xì)化、制品化，盡量縮短供貨時間亦是模具行業(yè)的重 要發(fā)展趨勢。7. 沖壓模具是沖壓牛產(chǎn)中的重要工藝設(shè)備，是提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、節(jié)約原材料、 體現(xiàn)模制品技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性的有效手段。一副沖模從設(shè)計、機(jī)械加工、裝配、調(diào)整 到安裝使用，工序多，刷期長，加工費用高。因此，對于沖模除了要求生產(chǎn)效 牢高、所沖出零件完全符合質(zhì)量要求和技術(shù)條件外，沖模的使用壽命也是非常 重要的。但由于模具材料、機(jī)械加工等一系列內(nèi)外因素的影響，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)中經(jīng) 常導(dǎo)致模具過早失效而報廢，造成浪費并可能影響到倉業(yè)的正常生

12、產(chǎn)。實際生 產(chǎn)中沖模的失效現(xiàn)象相當(dāng)頻繁，沖模消耗量大。沖模的失效形式主要有三種：（1）磨損失效（2） 變形失效（3）脆裂失效。分析沖模失效原因，釆用 各種有效措施防止沖模早期失效，可大大提高沖模使用壽命。8合理設(shè)計模具結(jié)構(gòu)沖模結(jié)構(gòu)是影響沖模耐用度的關(guān)鍵，結(jié)構(gòu)不合理容易造成剛性差和壁厚分 布不均勻，以及表面缺陷（如表面氧化、脫碳、裂痕、疤痕）都會影響模具材料 的性能，造成沖模的早期失效。模具設(shè)計的原則是保證有足夠的強(qiáng)度、剛度、 同心度、對中性和合理的沖裁間隙，并減少應(yīng)力集中，以保證由模具生產(chǎn)出來 零件符合設(shè)計要求。因此對模具的主要工作零作（如沖模的凸、凹模）要求其導(dǎo) 向精度和同心度高。在沖裁模結(jié)

13、構(gòu)的設(shè)計中，凸凹模間隙的合理選取，是保證模具正常工作、 延長模具壽命的一個關(guān)鍵因素。理想的間隙應(yīng)該是板料沖裁斷裂時，凸凹模刃 口邊所產(chǎn)生的裂紋在一條直線上，否則沖片邊緣將出現(xiàn)不允許的毛刺，使得刃 口粘結(jié)嚴(yán)重，磨損加快，進(jìn)而影響模具的壽命。對于沖裁模具有研究表明：在 保證沖裁工件質(zhì)量的前提下，沖裁模具應(yīng)盡可能選用較大的沖裁間隙，以降低 沖裁力，減小模具的磨損從而能提高模具使用壽命。某廠電機(jī)定、轉(zhuǎn)子片為0.5mm 的硅鋼片，手冊推薦的間隙為0. 0 40. 07ram,約為材料厚度的8%14%。按照這個間隙，沖出的定、轉(zhuǎn)子片毛刺雖能控制在規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)。但由于間 隙偏小，使得凸模與被沖的孔之間、凹模與

14、落料之間的摩擦嚴(yán)重，造成凸模和 凹模側(cè)壁產(chǎn)生粘結(jié)，致使模具壽命下降。為提高沖片質(zhì)量，延長模具壽命，該 廠根據(jù)國內(nèi)外資料信息，在實踐中對模具間隙做了試驗摸索，證明間隙值為 0. 090. 1 1 mm最為合適。提高模具加工工藝要重視模具鋼坯的鍛造工藝， 消除帶狀和網(wǎng)狀碳化物分布，使流線和沖擊力方向垂直。鍛造時為了充分打碎 坯料中的碳化物，使其呈彌散狀均勻分布，應(yīng)采用高鍛比變向徹拔的方法。在 模具制造加工過程中，必須嚴(yán)格保證模具的尺寸形狀精度，避免留下機(jī)加工刀 痕；過渡部分要平滑，不能有微小缺陷，防止使用過程中出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中裂紋。 電加工及磨削加工后應(yīng)進(jìn)行回火，以消除加工應(yīng)力。拉深模具的最后拋光工序

15、 操作方向應(yīng)和坯料金屬流動的方向一致，凹模型腔應(yīng)縱向往復(fù)而不是圓周運動 拋光。拋光時應(yīng)注意冷卻，防止過熱使模具硬度下降。沖模刃口多采用線切割 加工。由于線切割加工的熱效應(yīng)和電解作用，使模具加工表面產(chǎn)生一定厚度的 變質(zhì)層，造成表面硬度降低，出現(xiàn)顯微裂紋等，致使線切割加工的沖模易發(fā)生 早期磨損，直接影響模具沖裁間隙的保持及刃口容易崩刃，縮短模具使用壽命。因此，在線切割加工中應(yīng)選擇合理的電規(guī)準(zhǔn)，盡量減少變質(zhì)層深度。沖模 的加工精度對沖模的耐用度影響很大。如在沖裁模中由于裝配間隙不均勻，在 剪切力作用下常會使凹?？袎亩绊憶_模壽命。同時，沖模表面光潔度過低， 也會使沖模的耐用度降低。因此，在加工時必須

16、要對孔距大小、裝配時凸模對 固定板支撐面的垂直度、沖模間距的均勻和導(dǎo)套、導(dǎo)柱的導(dǎo)向精度等級給于充 分注意。制造與裝配精度越高及工作部分表面粗糙度等級越高，沖模的耐用度 就越高。四、沖壓模具結(jié)構(gòu)的安全技術(shù)措施沖壓是一種生產(chǎn)率高、操作簡便、制件尺寸穩(wěn)定、精度高、互換性好的少 無切削的加工方法。由于其在技術(shù)上和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的特別之處，因而在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生 產(chǎn)中占有十分重要的地位。然而，沖壓加工也是一種很容易發(fā)生安全事故的生 產(chǎn)方式，在沖壓生產(chǎn)中所發(fā)生的人身事故遠(yuǎn)比其他機(jī)械加工中發(fā)生的人身事故 多（據(jù)國外有關(guān)資料介紹，在沖床上出現(xiàn)的人身事故比一般機(jī)械行業(yè)高3倍）。 目前，一些企業(yè)（特別是中小型企業(yè)）在利用沖壓方

17、法加工生產(chǎn)時，仍舊沿用著 用手直接在模腔內(nèi)裝取零件的手工作業(yè)方法。在這種情況下，如模具設(shè)計不合 理或沒有安全防護(hù)裝置，就極易發(fā)生人身安全事故。五、結(jié)語模具技術(shù)水平的高低是衡量一個國家制造業(yè)水平的重要標(biāo)志之一。我國工 業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展要求模具行業(yè)向大型、精密、復(fù)雜、高效、長壽命和多功能方 向發(fā)展。文章從模具的發(fā)展歷史出發(fā)，總結(jié)了國內(nèi)冷沖壓模具的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。探 討了國內(nèi)冷沖壓模具發(fā)展的新方向我國模具工業(yè)雖然有了很大的發(fā)展，但總體 看來，技術(shù)水平仍比工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家要落后15-20年，這與我國制造業(yè)發(fā)展的要 求相比差距還很大。為了推進(jìn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，適應(yīng)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門發(fā)展 的需要，模具工業(yè)需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步

18、技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和加速國產(chǎn)化。因此，應(yīng)立足國情, 著重發(fā)展模具行業(yè)中的關(guān)鍵、共性技術(shù).不斷加大新技術(shù)的開發(fā)和推廣應(yīng)用力 度，不斷提高行業(yè)的自主創(chuàng)新能力，用信息技術(shù)帶動和提升模具工業(yè)的制造技 術(shù)水平，積極采用高新技術(shù)和先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)來提高行業(yè)的總體水平。使我國模 具行業(yè)向大型、精密、復(fù)雜、髙效、長壽命和多功能方向發(fā)展。推動我國模具 工業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步再上新臺階，將是我國模具行業(yè)發(fā)展的一個重要任務(wù)。附錄BDevelopment of cold stamping dieMold is an integral part of high-tech industry is an important foundation

19、for industrial production equipment. Produced by mold，the mold is often worth its valueseveral times. Mold Technology is a technology based on integrated technology, precision equipment, strong technology, Involving new technologies, new processes, new materials, new equipment development and applic

20、ation. Metallurgy, materials, measurement mechanical and electrical integration computer and other subjects as well as casting，forging, heat treatment, machining testing, and many other types of work together to build the system works.With the mold products with high efficiency, low consumption high

21、 consistency, precision and high complexity of features, this is in any other manufacturing methods can not reach. At present, the mold manufacturing Industry has become a high-tech industries rely on each other with the industry, mold The level of industrial technology has become an important measu

22、re of national manufacturing level one of the signs. Of any country, manufacturing industry is the level of overall national strength and technical expression. The mold industry is the foundation and key manufacturing industries. In response, the state has adopted corresponding policies, are activel

23、y developing mold making industry.L Die with a long history of industrialCold stamping process in China has a long history. According to historical records: the working people as far away as China discovered the Bronze Age with the hammering deformation properties of the metal, to the Warring States

24、 Period (403 BC, a former 221) has been refining the sword can be quenched.Our ancestors 2,300 years ago has acquired weapons and various metal hammering commodity technology. During the long period of feudal society, our working people in the gold, silver, copper ornaments, and the production of da

25、ily necessities, but also shows sophisticated technology.And superb artistic level, it is amazing.In modern times, from the last century 201, metal products, toys and hardware and other industries began using punch presses and other simple mechanical devices and the corresponding product of the roug

26、h mold or some parts, one of the knife-edge mold specialized for punching, dock workers mold11 can be used for metal extension. Relatively low in productivity, technology is not enough. At that time stamping equipment used in power plants is not large, or even most of the pedal or lever. Mold proces

27、sing industry mainly manual and therefore the accuracy of the mold is not high, the failure rate of large. Until the early 20th century, 40, appeared hydraulic Die. 50 years after the public-private partnerships Added a grinding, milling and sawing equipment, and coupled with hardness, diameter and

28、inner diameter measuring device such as a more precise gauge block measuring equipment, Die precision can be improved. The sixties and seventies, with the production of large-scale use stamping machine, Die single dashed from the original material, the development of a single punching die punching c

29、ompound die. Die frame and because the emergence of standard parts, so that the mold design of structural forms, which also increase the accuracy. At the same time. With the progress of heat treatment technology and testing means perfect, Die service life 5 to 7 times. This period- Also due to form

30、grinding, wire cutting machine tools and other electrical pulse, and have to use, and alloy for mold materials used, production of Die a new development process. Designers to improve the modeling process, with automatic feeding, automatic feeding device management chip and then the composite die in

31、large numbers. After the introduction by the milling machine model，plaster, mold, or surgery can be reproduced the same physical shape of the mold core, so that the production of mold compound to facilitate deep care a lot, to ensure accuracy. 70 years later, using the slope Die Cutting processing.

32、The punch (punch) and die cutting can be quenched and then assembled to replace the original production of Die Deformation need treatment for a correction of a complicated assembly process, the mold precision can reach 0.0Irani. Can be said that this time the rapid development of Chinas mold industr

33、y.IL the status of industrial DieTo the 21st century. With the computer software development and progress. CAD / CAE / CAM technology is getting more mature, and its application in the modern mold more and more widely. At present, China stamping die, whether in quantity or in quality, technology and

34、 energy.Forces have made significant progress, etc., but with national needs and the world advanced level, still have great differences, some large, sophisticated, complex, long-life die each year a large number of high-end imports, especially in coverage of high-end cars in Die With. Still rely mai

35、nly on imports. Some low-level simple die，they have been over-supply, the market is very competitive.According to China Mould Industry Association statistics, total import and export in China in 2009 dies as $ 3,807,000,000, down 3.03%. The import amounted to $ 1,964,000,000, clown 2%; exports amoun

36、ted to $ 1,843,000,000, clown 4.11%. By different types of mold. Import and export is still the highest plastic rubber mold, the amount of import and export accounted for 50.12% and 70.26%; followed by the stamping die, the amount of import and export accounted for 42.42% and 22.07%. Imports by orig

37、in of goods points, import die mainly from Japan，Korea, Germany, followed by China Taiwan, the United States, Canada, Italy, Singapore, Denmark and France; by export destination points，Chinas export market, mainly the Hong Kong mold, the United States and Japan. Followed by Germany, India, China Tai

38、wan, France, Brazil, Korea and Vietnam; by export supply to points of export die mainly from Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. Analysis of import and export prices from the mold. Export stamping die in 2009 $ 8,894.5 per ton price. Increased by 13.5% over the previous year; exports of plastic rubber

39、mold the average price of $ 963 each, up 15.6% over the previous year. If compared with the import price, import and export stamping die per ton ratio 1&1; plastic rubber mold of the average ratio of each set of imports and exports 2.5: L Compared with the previous year, the gap is significantly red

40、uced. China Mould Industry Associations analysis pointed out that the price can be seen from the above, the Chinese out of El mold technology content and added value, there has been increased over the previous year, compared with imported molds, technology, and continued to narrow the price gap is a

41、lso fully reflect out of the mold industry in China in 2009 and technological progress.DI. the development direction of DieTooling industry is the key to the development of mold manufacturing technology and related personnel, and mold material. Die die technology development is the most critical ind

42、ustrial development a factor in the direction of its development should meet the mold short delivery time，high precision, Good quality and” low price nrequest for service. For this reason, urgent need to develop the following items:i Comprehensively promote mold CAD / CAM / CAE technology: With the

43、computer software development and progress, universal CAD / CAM / CAE technology, conditions are ripe, all enterprises need to increase CAD / CAM training and technical service efforts, and further expand the CAE technology applications. Computers and networks can facilitate the development of CAD /

44、 CAM / CAE technology trans-regional, cross-enterprise, campus-wide in the industry in the promotion of technical resources to achieve re-integration. The virtual manufacturing possible.ii Die scanning and digital system: high-speed scanner and scanning system with the mold or in kind from the model

45、 to the processing of the scanned model required many desired features, which can greatly shorten the manufacturing cycle mold development. Fast scanning system will be installed in an existing CNC milling machine and machining center, you can achieve rapid data acquisition, automatic generation of

46、a variety of CNC machining process, different formats of CAD data for mold manufacturing ,freverse engineering.11iii. EDM: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) although the high-speed milling has been a serious challenge, but its inherent characteristics and the unique processing method is high-spee

47、d milling can not be completely replaced. For example, the complexity of the mold surface, deep narrow cavity, pointed, narrow, groove, deep processing, etc., EDM has unparalleled advantages. Complex, precision micro-cavity and a small cavity and remove the marks, complete angular, narrow, groove, d

48、eep processing and pattern processing, etc., will be the focus of future EDM applications. In order to further mold Its unique role to play in the future will continue to improve the efficiency of EDM automation processing, surface integrity and precision equipment, and large-scale, as a strategy of

49、 sustainable development, green technology is important in the future EDM trends.iv. Quality materials and advanced surface treatment technology: high quality steel and application of appropriate surface treatment technology to Improve the life of the mold it is very necessary.v Mold polishing autom

50、ation, intelligent: the quality of the mold surface of mold life, the appearance of quality parts and so have a greater impact, research automation, intelligent grinding and polishing methods replace the existing manual operation and improve the mold surface Quality is an important trend.vi. There a

51、re many reasons for the failure of the mold. Materials account for a large proportion of the reasons, according to statistics, due to improper selection and use of materials, resulting in premature failure of the mokL Failure accounts for about 45% of the mold. On the other hand, the price structure

52、 throughout the mold, the materials do not share. Generally 20% to 30%. Therefore, it is necessary to use high quality steel and application of surface treatment technology to improve die life. Mold steel to be used ESR proces& Such as the use made of powder metallurgy high speed steel powder. Curre

53、ntly, the diversity of tool steel of different specifications, product refinement, product technology to shorten the delivery time is an important development trend of the mold industry.vii. Stamping stamping die is an important process in cattle production equipment improve product quality, conserv

54、ation of raw materials reflecting the mold of an effective means of technical and economic aspects. A die design， machining, assembly, adjustments to the installation, process more, brush on a long, expensive process. Therefore, in addition to requirements for die production of high efficiency priso

55、n, out of part of the quality of full compliance with the requirements and technical conditions, the die service life is also very important. However, mold material, machining and a series of internal and external factors, often result in mold production and premature failure and scrapped, resulting

56、 in waste and may affect the storage industrys normal production. The failure of the actual production of the phenomenon quite frequently die, die consumed in large quantities. Die There are three main failure modes: (1). Wear failure (2). Deformation failure (3). Brittle failure. Failure analysis o

57、f die, die using a variety of effective measures to prevent early failure, can greatly Improve the die life.vin. Rational design of die structureDie die structure is the key to durability, rigidity of the irrational structure likely to cause uneven distribution of poor and wall thickness，and surface

58、 defects (such as surface oxidation, decarbonization, cracks, scars) will affect the performance of mold material, resulting in die early failure. Mold design principle is to ensure sufTicient strength, rigidity, concentricity, neutral and reasonable blanking clearance, and reduce the stress concent

59、ration produced by the mold to ensure parts meet the design requirements. Therefore, the main work of zero for the mold (such as the convex die, die) requested its orientation with high accuracy and concentricity.Structure in the design of blanking die, punch and die clearance reasonable selection is to ensure that the mold work, to extend die life is a key factor. Gap should be the ideal fracture of sheet metal punching, punch and die edge produced