初高中銜接之音標(biāo)復(fù)習(xí)

1、aieiii uauui: iu:u: elrhwjmndzts trdrbpdtgkvfz s 20元音元音32320輔音輔音國際音標(biāo)教學(xué)法圖示國際音標(biāo)教學(xué)法圖示/i:/Through three cheese trees three free fleas flew.三棵奶酪書中有三只自由的跳蚤在飛。三棵奶酪書中有三只自由的跳蚤在飛。Please eat sweet peas at ease before you sleep.睡前請隨便吃點甜點。睡前請隨便吃點甜點。/i/ Little Lily and little Nelly are going to visit Mrs. Honey.

2、小莉莉和小南里將去拜訪哈尼夫人。小莉莉和小南里將去拜訪哈尼夫人。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一塹，長一智。吃一塹，長一智。字母及組合 /i:/e he she we secret chinese immediateea eat team meat real leave leaderee meet see three tree bee needie grief pieceeo peopleey key字母及組合/i/i it pig big bitY busy lily lovelye begin pretty excuseee coffeeey

3、 monkey moneyay Sunday Monday / /Harry has a jam factory.哈里有一個果醬制造廠。The cash desk is in the west of the shopping center.付款臺位于購物中心的西邊。/e/ 字母及組合 /e/e wet next press bell well freshea weather ready deadie friend / /a bag apple catch happen I mixed butter and sugar and water together. 我把黃油，糖和水和在一起了。Bird

4、s of a feather flock together.物以類聚。/:/ / 字母組合: ear learn earth early er prefer German were herir bird dirty sir firstur fur church hurtor work world word 字母組合a abroad about attack again o together seldom tomorrowe accelerate literaturei impossibleer soldier teacher mother paperor doctor visitorar su

5、gar vinegarour labour colourea ocean字母及字母組合 /a:/a fast father basket after masterar market large art hard farmeral half calmear hearter clert/ u up under just luckyo does done honey stomachoo flood bloodou couple enough 字母及組合 /:/ar quarterau author daughter Paul al all walk talk fallaw hawk drawor f

6、orce port short story stormoa abroadoar boardoor floor doorore moreour four 字母及組合/o block borrow sock pocketa watch wash wasou coughow knowledge字母及組合 /u:/o do to improve loseoo afternoon bamboo moon foodou youth you groupu rule rulerue blue trueoe shoe ui fruitew grew flew字母及組合 /o womanoo look book

7、good took cookou should could wouldu put full bull push pull 雙元音是作為一個音節(jié)、用一次呼氣發(fā)出來的兩個元音的連綴。這個連綴是以滑流音的形式讀出來的，即舌從第一個元音的位置向第二個元音方向以最直接的途徑滑過去而成為一個音。合口雙元音：集中雙元音：/ei/ /ai/ /i/ / /a/ /i/ /e/ /字母及組合/ei/a age ache ate save ai aim aid mainay say gray today ea break greatei eighty weigh weight字母及組合 /ai/i ice isl

8、and wine lightie tieigh high sigh mighty sky try dry uy buy guy/i/oi soil coin joinoy joy toy enjoy字母及組合 /u/o old open overow row flow windowoa boat coatuo quoteoe toe ough dough字母及組合 /au/ ou doubt around aloudow tower cow how 字母及組合 / i /ea real ideaear hear clearly feareir their weirdeer beerere he

9、reou curious serious ie experience eu museum io idiot字母及組合/ /a area air fair pair chair ar vary parentae aeroplane are care compare prepareear bear pear wearere where there字母及組合 / u /our tour oor poor ure sure Consonants 1.1.輔音的特點：輔音的特點： 輔音是氣流從肺中壓出后受輔音是氣流從肺中壓出后受唇、齒、舌、咽喉等發(fā)音器官阻礙的唇、齒、舌、咽喉等發(fā)音器官阻礙的結(jié)果。輔音有

10、清濁之分結(jié)果。輔音有清濁之分, , 發(fā)音時聲帶發(fā)音時聲帶震動的是震動的是濁濁音，不震動的是音，不震動的是清清音。音。Plosive Consonants1. 爆破音：爆破音： /p/b/ /t/d/ /k/g/p/b/對比: park-bark tap-tab mop-mob/t/d/對比： heart-hard sight-side feet-feed /k/g/對比: pig-pick log-lock dug-duck Fricative Consonants 2. 摩擦音摩擦音/f/v/ /s/z/ /f/v/ 對比: leaf - leave proof-prove calf-car

11、ve /s/z/對比對比: cease - seize loose - lose race-raise 對比 breath-breathe worth-worthy/ 對比: pressure - pleasure social- usual h huge hold it high behide the houser rude crazy broken freshFricative Consonants /tr/tree trick true treat try/dr/ dry drink drop drive/ts/ lots gets boots cats/dz/ reads beds b

12、irds3. 破擦音：破擦音：/ cheap choice each touch /judge join jam edge bridgeNasal consonants 4. 鼻音 / m /, / n /, / / / m / memory mouth firm / n / nasty name nail learn / / king bring sing a songLateral consonant 5. 舌邊音舌邊音 /l/ (有兩種發(fā)音有兩種發(fā)音)A. . 如果在元音字母前面如果在元音字母前面, , long leave lion lock color followB. 如果如果 /

13、 l / / l / 在輔音前面或詞尾在輔音前面或詞尾, , apple ball meal bell sail ruleSemi-vowels 6. 半元音半元音/w/ /j/ / w / w /week word /j/ yes youth Syllables 音節(jié) (Syllables): 音節(jié)是包含一個元音或一個元音跟別的輔音結(jié)合而成的發(fā)音單位。在英語中元音特別響亮, 一個元音可以構(gòu)成一個音節(jié), 一般來說,元音可以構(gòu)成音節(jié), 輔音不響亮, 不能構(gòu)成音節(jié)。 但英語輔音字母中有 4 個輔音m，n，ng，l是響音，它們和輔音音素結(jié)合，也可構(gòu)成音節(jié)。它們構(gòu)成的音節(jié)往往出現(xiàn)在詞尾，一般是非重讀音

14、節(jié)。 英語的詞有一個音節(jié)的，兩個音節(jié)的，多個音節(jié)的，一個音節(jié)叫單音節(jié)，兩個音節(jié)叫雙音節(jié)，三個音節(jié)以上叫多音節(jié)。 確定音節(jié)時, 一不能只看字母的數(shù), 二不能只看有沒有元音字母, 而是要看有沒有元音。Types of syllables(A) (A) 開音節(jié)開音節(jié)(Open syllables): (Open syllables): 分絕對開音分絕對開音節(jié)節(jié) 和相對開音節(jié)兩種。和相對開音節(jié)兩種。讀音的規(guī)則就是讀音的規(guī)則就是發(fā)其中元音字母的名稱音發(fā)其中元音字母的名稱音。(B) (B) 閉音節(jié)閉音節(jié)(Close syllables): (Close syllables): 元音字母后面有輔音字母（元音

15、字母后面有輔音字母（r r除外）時除外）時, , 這這個元音字母構(gòu)成的音節(jié)叫做閉音節(jié)個元音字母構(gòu)成的音節(jié)叫做閉音節(jié)。它的讀音規(guī)則是它的讀音規(guī)則是: : 元音字母元音字母a a讀作讀作/ / /; /; e e 讀作讀作/ e /; i / e /; i 讀作讀作/ i /; o/ i /; o讀作讀作/ / /; /; u u讀作讀作/,/, 1 1、重讀音節(jié)、重讀音節(jié) 任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標(biāo)中，任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標(biāo)中，有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié) ，哪一個音節(jié)重讀，該，哪一個音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標(biāo)有重讀符號音節(jié)的左上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標(biāo)有

16、重讀符號“”。2 2、濁化音、濁化音 以以sp_, st_, sk_sp_, st_, sk_開頭的單詞清輔音開頭的單詞清輔音/p/ /t/ /k/p/ /t/ /k/分別要發(fā)濁輔音分別要發(fā)濁輔音/b/ /d/ /g/b/ /d/ /g/。3 3、定冠詞、定冠詞thethe的讀音的讀音 在以輔音音素開頭的單詞之前讀作在以輔音音素開頭的單詞之前讀作/ / /，如：，如：the day, the key), the housethe day, the key), the house 在以元音音素開頭的單詞前要發(fā)在以元音音素開頭的單詞前要發(fā)/ / i:/ 的音，如：的音，如：the end, the

17、 hour, the inside the end, the hour, the inside 其它讀音規(guī)則5、不完全爆破、不完全爆破(Incomplete explosion) 爆破音p b t d k g 后面緊跟另一個爆破音時，前面的那個爆破音只在口腔內(nèi)形成阻礙，而不能完全讀出。 baske(t)ball a(c)tor, bla(ck)board Si(t) down. I can(t) come. I don(t) believe he is a ba(d) boy. (1)“輔音輔音+元音元音”型連讀型連讀在同一個意群里，如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，在同一個意群里，如果相

18、鄰兩詞中的前一個詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來連讀。后一個詞是以元音開頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來連讀。 ImanEnglish boy. Itisanold book. Let me havea lookatit. Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday. I calledyou halfanhourago. Putiton, please. Notatall. Please pickitup. (2)“r/re+元音元音”型連讀型連讀 如果前一個詞是以如果前一個詞是以-r或者或者-re結(jié)尾，后一個詞是以元音開頭，結(jié)尾

19、，后一個詞是以元音開頭，這時的這時的r或或re不但要發(fā)不但要發(fā)/r/.而且還要與后面的元音拼起來連而且還要與后面的元音拼起來連讀。讀。 Theyre my fatherand mother. I looked forit hereand there. Thereis a football underit. Thereare some books on the desk. Hereis a letter for you. Hereare foureggs. But whereis my cup? Whereare your brotherand sister? 但是，如果一個音節(jié)的前后都有字母但

20、是，如果一個音節(jié)的前后都有字母r，即使后面的詞以元，即使后面的詞以元音開頭，也不能連讀。音開頭，也不能連讀。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer與與and不可連讀）不可連讀） (3) (3)“輔音輔音+ +半元音半元音”型連讀型連讀 英語語音中的英語語音中的/j/j/和和/w/w/是半元音，如果前一個詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，是半元音，如果前一個詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個詞是以半元音，特別是后一個詞是以半元音，特別是/j/j/開頭，此時也要連開頭，此時也要連讀。讀。 Thankyou.Thankyou. Nice to meetyou.

21、 Nice to meetyou. Didyou get there lateagain? Didyou get there lateagain? Wouldyou likea cupof tea Wouldyou likea cupof tea？ Couldyou help me, please?Couldyou help me, please? “音的同化音的同化”常把常把/d/+/j/d/+/j/讀成讀成/d/d / /，did youdid you聽上成了聽上成了/did/didu/u/，would would youyou成了成了/wud/wudu/u/，could youcould

22、 you成了成了/kud/kudu/u/。 合口雙元音：集中雙元音：Jane hates to be late on the first date.Ill drive five miles on Friday night to see a fight that I like.How much oil boil can a boiler boil if a boiler can boil oil?If you notice this notice,you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing./ei/ /ai/ /i/ / /a/

23、/i/ /e/ /We have now found the roundabout without any doubt.His fear was clear as they steered near the pier.The man with fair hair dare not repair their chairs there because there is a bear on the chair.Mary found the pure gold ring and gave it back to the poor king.examplesA big black bug bit a big black bear. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, wheres the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?The cart got stuck in the mud.He is holding a hat in his handA good beginning makes a good ending.Sam makes many mistakes in his h