譯林版高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、譯林版高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞篇一：高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 總述：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞同助動(dòng)詞一樣，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起作謂語。因此，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也稱為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞同基本助動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別在于，基本助動(dòng)詞本身無意義，而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有自己的意義。如： 概念: 定義：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是表示能力,義務(wù),必須,猜測等說話人的語氣或情態(tài)的動(dòng)詞. 特征： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞原形 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無三單（have to除外） 否定+not；疑問直接提前（have to 除外） 不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須和其它動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別： 助動(dòng)詞本身無意義，主要幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)或者構(gòu)成疑問及否定形式 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義，但也和助

2、動(dòng)詞一樣，不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須和其它動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法： Can和could的用法 本意： 1.表示能力。（could 為can的過去式，表示過去的能力） 如： Can you finish this work tonight? Man cannot live without air. Can I go now? Yes, you can. Can與be able to 的區(qū)別： can只有兩種時(shí)態(tài), 即can 和could, 而be able to 有多種時(shí)態(tài), 如was/were able to, will/shall be able to, have/has been ab

3、le to等: Ill be able to drive the car in a week. Through his diligent work, the deaf-mute has been able to read and write in a sign language. 表示過去通過努力終于做成了某事要用be able to，而不能用can。 Eg： I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over. 特殊用法：表“允許”和“許可” could也可表示請(qǐng)求，預(yù)期委婉，主要用于疑問句，不可用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用can（即c

4、ould不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡略答語中）。如： Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （否定答語可用No, Im afraid not.） 表推測和可能性 can用在肯定句中表示客觀的邏輯上的可能性，意為“可能會(huì)”。 A horse in the center of London can cost a lot of money. Attending the ball can be very exciting. The road can be blocked. 這條路可能會(huì)不通的。 多用于否定與疑問結(jié)構(gòu)中, cant be表示100%的否定

5、推測，意為“不可能是” eg：Can the news be true? 這消息可能是真的嗎？ It cant be true. 它不可能是真的。 What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思？ 區(qū)別：cant do 表示不能做某事；cant be 表示不可能是 “could + have + 過去分詞” “could + have + 過去分詞”表示過去有能力做某事，但沒有做（即，虛擬語氣）。 eg：He cannot have been to that town. Can he have got the book? 一般疑問句的回答 肯定回答：yes，you ca

6、n. 否定回答：no, you cant. 習(xí)慣用法 Cannot/ enough表示“無論都不為過”，“越越好” Eg：we cant thank you too much for what you have done for us.對(duì)于你為我們所做的一切，我們?cè)趺锤屑ざ疾贿^分。 Cant help doing禁不?。籧ant help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事 Eg：when I try to speak, I cant help making mistakes. Cant help but do不得不，只好 eg: I cant help but admire your

7、courage. Cant help it 無計(jì)可施；忍不住 Eg: I couldnt help it if the bus was late. Asas + 主語 + can/ could = asas possible 盡可能 Eg: please come here as early as you can. Cannot 和 couldnt與比較級(jí)連用表最高級(jí)的意思 Eg： she couldnt have chosen a better gift for me. Must的用法 本意 Must 的肯定句表示“必須，應(yīng)該”，有做某一動(dòng)作的義務(wù)或者必要 Eg：you must buy a

8、 ticket if you want catch a bus. 特殊用法 Mustnt do 表示“禁止做某事” Eg: children mustnt play with fire. 表可能性和表推測 “must be + 表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測，并且表示100%的肯定推測,意為“一定，準(zhǔn)是”；它的否定或疑問式用can代替must。 This must be your pen. 區(qū)別：mustnt do 和mustnt be “must + have + 過去分詞” “must + have + 過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中，表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。它的否定或疑問式用can代替must

9、。 eg: He must have been to Shanghai. 一般疑問句的回答 回答must引出的問句時(shí)，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. No, you dont have to. / no, you dont have to. Must 與have to have to的含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to有各種形式，隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同： must表示

10、的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如： The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. must一般只表現(xiàn)在，have則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。 二者的否定意義不大相同。如： You mustnt go. 你可不要去。 You dont have to go. 你不必去。 詢問對(duì)方的意愿時(shí)應(yīng)用must。如： Must I clean all the room?思考：have to 的否定和疑問？ Need的用法 本意 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的need具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的

11、一般性質(zhì)，只要need后面跟的是動(dòng)詞原形，它就是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)，變否定，只需在其后加not；變?yōu)橐蓡柧?，只需把它移主語的前面。Eg: Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新錄入將這封信嗎？ There is enough time. You neednt hurry. 有的是時(shí)間，你不必著急。 The president wondered whether he need send more soldiers. 總統(tǒng)不知道他是否要增兵。 -Must I hand in my homework now? 現(xiàn)在我必須交作業(yè)嗎？ -No, you neednt. 不，

12、你不必。 特殊用法 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，need后面的賓語可以是名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或代詞，這種情況下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑問句，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do或者does need sth.（表示“需要”或“必須”）其后的賓語可以是名詞，也可以是代詞。 eg: We need a great deal of money now. They dont it any more. Does your father need any help? Sthneed (s) doing 與sthneed(s) to be done need后面可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，這種情

13、況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)： .主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義； .該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。 Eg: The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 。 Your car needs mending.= Your car needs to be repaired. need to do sth. 作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，need后面需要接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,表示有義務(wù)或責(zé)任去做某事。 Eg： What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我們需要帶些什么？ Will we

14、 need to show our passports? 我們需要出示護(hù)照嗎？You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你媽媽。 名詞 need作為名詞，含義為“缺乏，需要”；其復(fù)數(shù)表示“基本需要”。 兩個(gè)詞組： in (great) need of（急需）與meet the needs of(滿足的需要)。 Eg： Theres no need for you to try again. 你不必再嘗試了。 The factory is in great need of funds. 那家工廠急需資金。 This house of the

15、 1790s can even meet the needs of the 21st century. 這棟18世紀(jì)90年代的房子甚至能夠滿足21世紀(jì)的需要。 一個(gè)句型： there is a / no need for sb to do sth. 一般疑問句的回答 Eg： Need we find more people to solve the problem? yes, you must. No, you neednt. / no, you dont have to. May和might的用法 本意 表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)要用mustnt表示“不

16、可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如： You may drive the car. Might I use your pen? No, you mustnt. note:用May I . 征詢對(duì)方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣。在日?？谡Z中，用Can I . 征詢對(duì)方意見在現(xiàn)代口語中更為常見。 特殊用法 Maybe / may be Maybe: = perhaps adv在句中作狀語eg：Maybe they are still asleep. a篇二：高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞總結(jié) 語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 一、can, may, must 根據(jù)意思與習(xí)慣用法，我們可以把can, may, must 分成

17、以下兩組用法，方便學(xué)習(xí)與掌握。 1第一組用法見下表（主要在初中的時(shí)候我們所掌握的）： 詞義肯定否定疑問過去式 can 能、會(huì)can cant Can.? could may 可以may mustnt/may not May.? might must 必須must neednt Must.? must/have to A) can a) can 的肯定、否定、疑問及過去式的例句： eg. Computers can do a lot of things for us. Money cannot buy everything. Can you speak French? I could run v

18、ery fast when I was young. b) can 與be able to can 與be able to 的意思相近，經(jīng)常可以互換使用。 但在用過去式的時(shí)候，could 與was able to 的意思不同。 試比較： 側(cè)重經(jīng)過努力而成功做到謀事) 表示能力) c) could 在疑問句時(shí)用意表示請(qǐng)求，意義同can，是一種比較客氣的表達(dá)方式。 B) may a) may 的肯定、否定、疑問及過去式的例句： eg. You may choose anyone here you like. May I leave now? Yes, of course/Sure. Go ahea

19、d. No, you mustnt. （注：口語中也能用cannot。） I was told that the boss might come to the office before 9. b)mustnt 與may not You mustnt leave the bike here.(禁止) The sign on the wall reads, Visitorsfeed the animals in the zoo. c) may 可放在句首，表示“祝愿”。May you succeed! d) might 有時(shí)用在疑問句中，只是一種比may 更客氣一點(diǎn)，而非過去式。 C) must

20、 a) must 的肯定、否定、疑問及過去式的例句： eg. Everyone must obey the rules. Must I finish the work today? Yes, you must. No, you neednt/dont have to. He told me he must/had to see a doctor tomorrow morning. b) must 與have to 2第二組用法見下表：(表示推測) 詞義肯定否定疑問過去式進(jìn)行式 can 可能/一定/ cannot Can.? cant have done cant be doingmay 可能m

21、ay may not / may have done may be doing must 一定must / / must have done must be doing a) can, may, must 的第二種用法，是用來表示說話人的一種推測。 現(xiàn)在時(shí)舉例： Can Tom be in the classroom? Yes, he must be there. 或Yes, he may be there, but Im not quite sure. 或No, he cant be there, because he hasnt come to school today. 過去時(shí)舉例：(表

22、示對(duì)過去的推測用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式) I must have been asleep. I didnt hear your footsteps. David became angry at the meeting. He may have misunderstood what I meant. James cant have forgotten the examination yesterday. There must have been something wrong with him, I believe. b)表示可能性的否定句中有時(shí)也可用may，但意思與cannot 有所不同。 eg.

23、Can he know the secret? I am not sure. He may not know it yet. 或： No, he cannot know it. c) 用might 和could 表示可能性 eg. Could it be Susan at the door? Yes, it might be her.（現(xiàn)在口語中也可用could be 回答） *d) could have done 也可以用在肯定句里。 eg. It was dangerous to do so. You could have killed yourself! 二、shall, will, w

24、ould 1用在一般疑問句中，表示征求對(duì)方的意見。 2shall 與第二、第三人稱連用，用在肯定、否定句中，表示“命令”、“允諾”、“警告”、“威脅”，及說話人的意愿和決心。 If you dare to do that, you shall be punished. These rules shall be obeyed. 3will 在陳述句中可用于任何人稱，表示“意愿、意志、決心”等。有時(shí)也可用在條件句中。 4will 和would 可以表示習(xí)慣性反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或在某一條件下，一定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這時(shí)， will 一般指“現(xiàn)在”，would 一般指“過去”。 三、should/ought

25、 to 1可以表示一種必要性、義務(wù)，解為“應(yīng)當(dāng)、應(yīng)該”?？梢耘c任何人稱連用，并用在肯定、否 定、疑問句中。但疑問句時(shí)用should 更多一些。 2可以表示一種推測，解為“應(yīng)該是”。用于任何人稱的肯定、否定、疑問句。它還有進(jìn)行和完成兩種形式：should/ought to be doing（對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的推測）和should/ought to have done（表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，“本來應(yīng)該”的意思）。 3should 有時(shí)可以表示說話人驚訝的感覺，解為“竟然”。 You cant imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so ru

26、de to a lady. 四、need 和dare need 和dare 兩詞，都既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，所以復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)是分清在句 子中它們分別是哪種動(dòng)詞。 1need 解為“需要、必須”。A) 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用于疑問句和否定句。 B) 作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，可用于各種句型，是及物動(dòng)詞，可以跟名詞做賓語。 C) neednt have done (本來不必做) You neednt have mentioned it to him, because he had been told everything before. 你本來不必跟他提這件事的，之前已經(jīng)有人把一切都講給他聽了。 2d

27、are 解為“敢”。 A) 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用于疑問句和否定句。 但是dare 的固定詞組“I dare say.”，用在肯定句中。 注意：dare 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它的過去式是dared。 B)作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，dare 可以用在各種句型里。 但是注意在否定句里，有時(shí)后面的不定式的to 可以省略。 推測 肯定性 可能性 由強(qiáng)到弱 must / ought to / should / /may / might /can 理論上的可能/ must 用于表示必定，必會(huì)： All mankind must die. (表示必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事) ought to / should用于表示想必會(huì)(語氣較mus

28、t 弱)： They should / ought to be there by now. may 和 might 用于表示事實(shí)上的可能性或預(yù)測： It may snow later this afternoon. (表示預(yù)測) You might be right. (表示有可能) can理論上的可能 Anybody can make mistakes. (只表示理論上的可能性) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：表示“意圖”、“打算” “意愿” “決心 (will, would* shall, should*) 二.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have+過去分詞的用法 對(duì)過去或完成的猜測must / may /might

29、/ could / cant / couldnt have done 虛擬語氣could have done 本來可以；有可能 neednt have done 本沒必要做某事 should / ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做某事 shouldnt / oughtnt to have done本不應(yīng)該做某事 練習(xí) 1. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. sh

30、all 2. You dont _ to go there if you have no time. A. need B. want C. must D. ought 3. May I stop here? No, you _. A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont 4. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ have spoken at the meeting. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. couldnt 5. It was so c

31、old outside that the child _. A. didnt dare to go out play B. dared not to go out to play C. dare not go out to play D. dared not go out to play 6. You _ out without an overcoat. No wonder you caught cold. A. shouldnt have gone B. mustnt have gone C. couldnt have gone D. oughtnt to go7. Tomorrow is

32、your birthday. I promise you that you _ have a most beautiful present. A. might B. will C. could D. shall 8. Phone me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will C. I can 9. The boss _ the worker how to do it properly, or the accident couldnt have happened. A. cant have told B. ought to te

33、ll C. couldnt tell D. mustnt have told 10. Has Maria come yet? No. She _ an hour ago, in fact. A. should come B. must have come C. ought to have come D. would come 11. You know that you were driving at 100 km an hour, dont you? No, officer, it _. This car cant do more than 80. A. may not have been B

34、. couldnt have been C. mustnt have been D. shouldnt have been 12. If you dont like to climb the hill with us this afternoon, you _ as well stay in the hotel, watching TV. A. should B. may C. can D. would 13. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He _ have driven so fast. A. cant B. wouldn

35、t C. mustnt D. shouldnt 14. Ill call for the police if he _ again. A. dares gamble B. dared gamble C. dare to gamble D. dares to gamble 15. You _ again, but since you are here, I will let you have another try. A. neednt come B. dont need to come C. neednt have come D. didnt need to come 高考體驗(yàn): 1.You

36、cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 2.Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 3.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just

37、 now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 4.Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 5.According to the local regulations, anyone who intends to get a drivers licence _ ta

38、ke an eye test. A. can B. must C. would D. may 6.Black holes _ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. A. can B. should C. must D. need 7.You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _ get the work done. A. cant B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt 8.The boss has

39、 given everyone a special holiday, so we _ go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 9.When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent 10.According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. ma

40、y B. can C. would D. should篇三：高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 沙場點(diǎn)兵 1.-Did you visit the famous museum? -No. We_ it, but we spent too much time shopping. A. could have visited B. must have visited C. cant have visitedD. shouldnt have visited 2.The doctor said, ”Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. Its for the children

41、 only.” A. oughtnt toB. cant C. mustnt D. wont 3.-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12:00. A. canB. should C. mightD. need 4.You_to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. neednt to comeB. dont need come C. dont need comin

42、gD. neednt come 5.Put on more clothes. You_ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. couldC. would D. must 6.I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. mayB. might C. could D. must 7.There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurr

43、ied C. must not hurryD. neednt have hurried 8. Professor Li ,many students want to see you ._ they wait here or outside? A. Do B. WillC. ShallD. Are 9.You_read that book if you dont want to. A. haventB. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 10.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I_ so much fried chicken just

44、 now. A. shouldnt eatB. mustnt have eat C. shouldnt have eatenD. mustnt eat 11.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A.mightB.need C.should D.w ould 12.Johnny,you_play with the knife;you_hurt yourself. A.wont;cant B.cant;shouldnt C.shouldnt;must D.mustnt ;may 13.The

45、plant is dead.I_more water. A.will give B.would have given C.must give D.should have given 14.You_return the book now;you can keep it till next week if you like. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not15.Tom ought not to_me your secret,but he meant no harm. A.have told B.telll C.be telling D.having told

46、16.He did not pass the examination.As a good student,he_. A.mustnt have failed B.may not have failed C.neednt have failedD.shouldnt have failed 17._it be true that Albert passed the test in geography? A.May B.Should C.Could D.Would 18.You_lead a horse to the water but you_not make it drink. A.will;c

47、an B.may;can C.may;dare D.dare;can 19.He_you more help,even though he was very busy. A.might have given B.might giveC.may have givenD.may give 20.He_at the meeting this morning.He was in hospital at the time. A.couldnt have spoken B.mustnt have spoken C.shouldnt have spoken D.neednt have spoken 21.h

48、e must be in the classroom,_he? A.mustnt B.cant C.isnt D.can 22.-You were driving at 100 kms an hour,sir. -But officer,I_.My car cant go more than 80. A.may not have been B.couldnt have been C.wouldnt have beenD.neednt have been 23.Mr Bush is on time for everything.How_it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A.can B.should C.may D.must 24.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You_come,but why didnt you? A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have 25.The reason why they_leave wasnt explained to us. A.had B.had to C.mustD.might 26.I searched for my wallet a