高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法練習(xí)動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法練習(xí)：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考英語測試的重中之重，一般占12道題。命題思路有三：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時間狀語，考生能依據(jù)所給時間狀語作出選擇；二是給出時間狀語，但所給時間狀語有著較強的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時間狀語作出選擇，需要結(jié)合語境判斷；三是沒有任何時間狀語，需要借助于上下文語境，才能作出正確判斷?？忌鷳?yīng)熟知常用時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。高考題往往不會涉及單一的時態(tài)語態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時一定要結(jié)合語境，弄清時間的先后關(guān)系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”(尋找時間標(biāo)志詞)、“呼應(yīng)法”(主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng))、“搭

2、配法”(固定搭配)、“語境法”等解題技巧。一識別標(biāo)志詞 如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時間狀語,則往往可以根據(jù)時間狀語選擇相應(yīng)的時態(tài) 例More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent 解析 此題有明顯的時間標(biāo)志詞last year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過去時;句中的主語students是被送的對象,應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)答案為B動詞的時態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時間狀語,請同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時態(tài)所對應(yīng)的時間狀

3、語 (1)一般現(xiàn)在時:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等 (2)一般過去時:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等 (3)現(xiàn)在進行時:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等 (4)過去進行時:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等 (5)現(xiàn)在完成時: recently, lately, up to/t

4、ill now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, for+一段時間, since + 一點時間等 (6)過去完成時:before, by the end of last month/years等 (7)一般將來時:tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等 (8)過去將來時:the following month, the next week等 命題角度及對策高考測試動詞時態(tài)須與句中時間狀語一致時,常在題干中加入具體情景,以

5、測試考生對動詞時態(tài)知識的實際運用能力敏銳捕捉時間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語境,選擇出正確的動詞時態(tài),是解決此類問題的良策二主從時態(tài)須呼應(yīng) 如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時態(tài)命題角度及對策近年來高考考查主從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)時,常放在真實的并且符合實際的語境中進行考查在根據(jù)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時,要把握好以下幾點: (1)在時間條件等狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時,一般過去時表示過去將來時,用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成時(2)正確認定主句動詞及從句動詞兩個動作發(fā)生的時間,并認真體會命題者所給出的語境 (3)解答賓語從句與主句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時,考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動詞為現(xiàn)在時

6、,則從句動詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時態(tài);主句動詞為過去時,則從句動詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^去的某種時態(tài)(表示客觀真理時使用一般現(xiàn)在時) 三仔細體會語境 近年來高考試題對時態(tài)語態(tài)考查的要求越來越高,大部分試題趨向情境化實際化因此,仔細體會所給語境,根據(jù)具體語境選擇合適的時態(tài)是考生需要重點解決的問題例：Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes，we should，for we_ such bad luck up till now，and time_ out. A. have had；is running B. had；is running C. have；has

7、 been run D. have had；has been run 【答案解析】 A。由時間標(biāo)志詞up till now知道，動作是從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時；而根據(jù)語境可知時間快要耗光了，所以第二空要用進行時表將來。 Can you tell me the timetable of the_school bus? Well, the bus_here for the _campus at 7:00 Am. Awill leave Bleft Cis leaving Dleaves 【答案解析】 D?？疾闀r態(tài)，“校班車的時間表”是規(guī)定好的事情，表示一般性動作用一般現(xiàn)在時。 【

8、精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案1. Whats that terrible noise ? The neighbors _ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. has been completed D. is going

9、 to consider 3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing

10、 B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 5. I _ Ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. played B. will play C. have played D. play 6. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 7. John and I _ frie

11、nds for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 8. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthq

12、uake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 9. How are the team playing ? They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were 10. You havent said a word about my new coua, Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pr

13、etty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 11. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 12. My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would

14、 marry 13. When will you come to see me, Dad ? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 14. How long _ at this job ? Since 1990A. were you cmployed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 1

15、5. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 16. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 17. All morning as she wait

16、ed for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 18. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge ? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 19. Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr Pa

17、rker to you, and _ you forget it !A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 20. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 21. The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C.

18、have known D. know 22. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned 23. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 24.

19、Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? It _ on TV all day long. A. has been B. bad been C. was D. will be 26. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I ? You

20、_ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 27. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so iey. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting 28. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time !A. ha

21、d fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 29. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached30. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will mi

22、ss D. missed 答案與解析1、B 根據(jù)題意先排除D 項，因為回答方要說明書現(xiàn)在的情況；A項have prepare說明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好，C項prepare是目前的習(xí)慣性動作，B項瑞在進行時表示動作的示完性。因此B 項為最佳答案。2、B 句意：因為Lucy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn)在還沒決定。根據(jù)題意說話者在說現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除了A、C、D三項，B飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進行時強調(diào)“考慮”這個動作的“未完性”，所以是最佳答案。3、C 句意：北京市市長說所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于2006年完成。此題考查英語動詞的語態(tài)和時態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，因此排除B、D根據(jù)時間

23、狀語by2006，應(yīng)選擇將來完成時，因此選C。4、A 題干中主句為Selecting a mobile phone is no easy task,謂語動詞表示了一種“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時間”，使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（is no easy task）;后面的狀態(tài)從句（because）中則說明原因為“技術(shù)更新變化迅速”，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進行時：（technology）is changing(so rapidly).現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)在此表示了一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了“變化、趨勢、發(fā)展和進展” 5、D 題干后的分句（but）為轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（I havent had tim

24、e to play）,表示自從new year以來一直沒有打過乒乓球，由此可以排除選項B（will play）、C（have played）.由此推斷前一人句中所說狀態(tài)為“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時間”，則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表達這一時間概念。6、D 句意為：參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動形式。7、D第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時，與一段時間狀語連用（for eight years）;第二空：在一次晚會上認識之前就見過，上是“過去的過去”的一個動作，幫選D。8、C 從上下文可知，Ted已經(jīng)死了，屬于過去發(fā)生的事情， 對于動詞kill來講，應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系，故選C9、A 由題中所設(shè)語境可知，一句

25、隊員受傷應(yīng)是過去的動作，故選A。10、D從對話題干所設(shè)語境看，此處談?wù)摰氖沁^去所沒有發(fā)生的事（you havent said a word）此對話中，Brenda 為自己沒能對朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢?；sooner(=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語傳達了十分重要的時間信息。此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過去行為的簡單過去時，與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（I certainly think）形成對照。其余選項所給時態(tài)hasnt written us recently。11、A 前句中recently與事句中動詞民用的語氣為重要提示：We should have heard from h

26、er by now.=We haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：hasnt written us recently.12、B marry是終止性動詞，用在此notuntil句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五歲才結(jié)婚?！?3、D when從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時形式表將來時間。14、B答語中的since1990是關(guān)鍵信息。15、B 時間狀語in the past five years與現(xiàn)在時間有關(guān)。16、D圖書館的安靜被打破，故須用被動語態(tài)；情景中找不出與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時間信息，故A是錯誤的。17、C grow與as從句里的wait發(fā)生。

27、 題干前半句為時間狀語，提供了極為重要的時間線索：All morning as she waited，表示了過去的一段延續(xù)時間，本空之中動詞所表示的行為（her nervousness “grow”）與此同時進行。此處仍應(yīng)使用一般過去時。本題中與現(xiàn)在時間相關(guān)的兩個選項(A. has grown B is growing)很容易排除；D項（had grown）過去完成時態(tài)，應(yīng)用于表示過去特定時間之前的行為，與語境不符，也可排除。18、B stay這晨是系動詞的用法，不用被動形式。根據(jù)本題設(shè)空之后所執(zhí)著續(xù)的形容詞fresh判斷，選項所給動詞stay為系動詞（=to continue or rema

28、in in a place ,position or conditionCOLLINS NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY）, 因此，很容易排除A項（系動詞不可能使用權(quán)用被動語態(tài)）；從句意看，說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh（Why dont you？），然后闡明依據(jù)（the meat will），應(yīng)該是stay 的一般形式，而不會是進行式（C 項be staying）或完成式（D項have stayed）。19、D注意Mr Parker這里針對的是“Sorry , joe”這件事，而不是“ I didnt mean to”那件事。而前者正是“此時此刻”發(fā)生的，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：你應(yīng)稱呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧！題干選材為大小對話形式，語境完整，前者向Joe道歉，后者（joe本人）拒不接受道歉，認為稱呼自己為Joe是：“套近乎”。提醒并警千對方，語氣非常嚴(yán)厲。20、B at this time tom