高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的重中之重，一般占12道題。命題思路有三：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，考生能依據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇；二是給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇，需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷；三是沒(méi)有任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要借助于上下文語(yǔ)境，才能作出正確判斷。考生應(yīng)熟知常用時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。高考題往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”(尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞)、“呼應(yīng)法”(主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng))、“搭

2、配法”(固定搭配)、“語(yǔ)境法”等解題技巧。一識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞 如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài) 例More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent 解析 此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞last year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí);句中的主語(yǔ)students是被送的對(duì)象,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)答案為B動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀

3、語(yǔ) (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等 (2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等 (3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等 (4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):then, at that time, at this time yesterday等 (5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): recently, lately, up to/t

4、ill now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, for+一段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間等 (6)過(guò)去完成時(shí):before, by the end of last month/years等 (7)一般將來(lái)時(shí):tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等 (8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):the following month, the next week等 命題角度及對(duì)策高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一致時(shí),常在題干中加入具體情景,以

5、測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境,選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),是解決此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的良策二主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng) 如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)命題角度及對(duì)策近年來(lái)高考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí),常放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行考查在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn): (1)在時(shí)間條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)(2)正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語(yǔ)境 (3)解答賓語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)

6、,則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);主句動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) 三仔細(xì)體會(huì)語(yǔ)境 近年來(lái)高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查的要求越來(lái)越高,大部分試題趨向情境化實(shí)際化因此,仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問(wèn)題例：Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes，we should，for we_ such bad luck up till now，and time_ out. A. have had；is running B. had；is running C. have；has

7、 been run D. have had；has been run 【答案解析】 A。由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞up till now知道，動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知時(shí)間快要耗光了，所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。 Can you tell me the timetable of the_school bus? Well, the bus_here for the _campus at 7:00 Am. Awill leave Bleft Cis leaving Dleaves 【答案解析】 D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)，“校班車(chē)的時(shí)間表”是規(guī)定好的事情，表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 【

8、精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案1. Whats that terrible noise ? The neighbors _ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. has been completed D. is going

9、 to consider 3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing

10、 B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 5. I _ Ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. played B. will play C. have played D. play 6. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 7. John and I _ frie

11、nds for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 8. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthq

12、uake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 9. How are the team playing ? They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were 10. You havent said a word about my new coua, Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pr

13、etty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 11. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 12. My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would

14、 marry 13. When will you come to see me, Dad ? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 14. How long _ at this job ? Since 1990A. were you cmployed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 1

15、5. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 16. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 17. All morning as she wait

16、ed for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 18. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge ? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 19. Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr Pa

17、rker to you, and _ you forget it !A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 20. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 21. The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C.

18、have known D. know 22. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned 23. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 24.

19、Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? It _ on TV all day long. A. has been B. bad been C. was D. will be 26. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I ? You

20、_ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 27. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so iey. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting 28. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time !A. ha

21、d fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 29. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached30. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will mi

22、ss D. missed 答案與解析1、B 根據(jù)題意先排除D 項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榛卮鸱揭f(shuō)明書(shū)現(xiàn)在的情況；A項(xiàng)have prepare說(shuō)明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好，C項(xiàng)prepare是目前的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，B項(xiàng)瑞在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的示完性。因此B 項(xiàng)為最佳答案。2、B 句意：因?yàn)長(zhǎng)ucy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)決定。根據(jù)題意說(shuō)話(huà)者在說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除了A、C、D三項(xiàng)，B飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“考慮”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的“未完性”，所以是最佳答案。3、C 句意：北京市市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于2006年完成。此題考查英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此排除B、D根據(jù)時(shí)間

23、狀語(yǔ)by2006，應(yīng)選擇將來(lái)完成時(shí)，因此選C。4、A 題干中主句為Selecting a mobile phone is no easy task,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示了一種“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（is no easy task）;后面的狀態(tài)從句（because）中則說(shuō)明原因?yàn)椤凹夹g(shù)更新變化迅速”，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：（technology）is changing(so rapidly).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在此表示了一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了“變化、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展” 5、D 題干后的分句（but）為轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣，并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)（I havent had tim

24、e to play）,表示自從new year以來(lái)一直沒(méi)有打過(guò)乒乓球，由此可以排除選項(xiàng)B（will play）、C（have played）.由此推斷前一人句中所說(shuō)狀態(tài)為“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)這一時(shí)間概念。6、D 句意為：參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。7、D第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（for eight years）;第二空：在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見(jiàn)過(guò)，上是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，幫選D。8、C 從上下文可知，Ted已經(jīng)死了，屬于過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情， 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來(lái)講，應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C9、A 由題中所設(shè)語(yǔ)境可知，一句

25、隊(duì)員受傷應(yīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，故選A。10、D從對(duì)話(huà)題干所設(shè)語(yǔ)境看，此處談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去所沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事（you havent said a word）此對(duì)話(huà)中，Brenda 為自己沒(méi)能對(duì)朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢?；sooner(=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語(yǔ)傳達(dá)了十分重要的時(shí)間信息。此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過(guò)去行為的簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí)，與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（I certainly think）形成對(duì)照。其余選項(xiàng)所給時(shí)態(tài)hasnt written us recently。11、A 前句中recently與事句中動(dòng)詞民用的語(yǔ)氣為重要提示：We should have heard from h

26、er by now.=We haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒(méi)發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：hasnt written us recently.12、B marry是終止性動(dòng)詞，用在此notuntil句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五歲才結(jié)婚?！?3、D when從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式表將來(lái)時(shí)間。14、B答語(yǔ)中的since1990是關(guān)鍵信息。15、B 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past five years與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)。16、D圖書(shū)館的安靜被打破，故須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；情景中找不出與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，故A是錯(cuò)誤的。17、C grow與as從句里的wait發(fā)生。

27、 題干前半句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，提供了極為重要的時(shí)間線索：All morning as she waited，表示了過(guò)去的一段延續(xù)時(shí)間，本空之中動(dòng)詞所表示的行為（her nervousness “grow”）與此同時(shí)進(jìn)行。此處仍應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。本題中與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相關(guān)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A. has grown B is growing)很容易排除；D項(xiàng)（had grown）過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)用于表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間之前的行為，與語(yǔ)境不符，也可排除。18、B stay這晨是系動(dòng)詞的用法，不用被動(dòng)形式。根據(jù)本題設(shè)空之后所執(zhí)著續(xù)的形容詞fresh判斷，選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞stay為系動(dòng)詞（=to continue or rema

28、in in a place ,position or conditionCOLLINS NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY）, 因此，很容易排除A項(xiàng)（系動(dòng)詞不可能使用權(quán)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）；從句意看，說(shuō)話(huà)人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh（Why dont you？），然后闡明依據(jù)（the meat will），應(yīng)該是stay 的一般形式，而不會(huì)是進(jìn)行式（C 項(xiàng)be staying）或完成式（D項(xiàng)have stayed）。19、D注意Mr Parker這里針對(duì)的是“Sorry , joe”這件事，而不是“ I didnt mean to”那件事。而前者正是“此時(shí)此刻”發(fā)生的，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：你應(yīng)稱(chēng)呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧！題干選材為大小對(duì)話(huà)形式，語(yǔ)境完整，前者向Joe道歉，后者（joe本人）拒不接受道歉，認(rèn)為稱(chēng)呼自己為Joe是：“套近乎”。提醒并警千對(duì)方，語(yǔ)氣非常嚴(yán)厲。20、B at this time tom